Cell Organelles

What you need to know

An organelle is a membrane-bound structure that carries out

specific activities for the cell.

You will need to know the following organelles and their function:

Cell Membrane Nucleus

Cytoplasm Mitochondria

Golgi Complex Ribosomes

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cell Wall Chloroplast

Central Vacuole Lysosome

Cell Membrane

Every cell is enclosed by a cell membrane. It controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell.

Nucleus

The control center of the cell that contains DNA (chromosomes) and the nucleolus.

Cytoplasm(not an organelle - but important)

All organelles reside (live and float around in) the cytoplasm.

Mitochondria

This organelle processes energy for a cell. It makes ATP.

(ATP = energy)

Involved in cellular respiration.

Golgi Complex

The protein packaging and transport center of the cell.

Has incoming and outgoing vesicles.

Ribosomes

Synthesizes proteins.

Present in the cytoplasm.

Present with Rough ER.

No membrane present.

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Transports materials throughout the cell.

Produces lipids and hormones

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Covered with ribosomes.

Produces proteins.

Transports materials throughout the cell.

Lysosome

Breaks down materials for digestion.

Contains special enzymes for digestion in the cell.

Cell Wall (Plant Cell Only)

Rigid and strong wall.

Protects and maintains the shape of the cell.

Chloroplast (Plant Cell Only)

Contains chlorophyll.

Makes plants green.

Uses light energy to make ATP & sugars.

Photosynthesis takes place here.

Central Vacuole (Plant Cells)

Most plant cells have one large one.

Filled w/ fluid.

Helps maintains turgor pressure and shape of cell.