Analyze continuities and changes in commerce along the Indian Ocean from 650 C.E. to 1450 C.E.(the actual AP exam asked for up until 1750)

Malay sailors began riding monsoons to go to China and India (passed knowledge to others and made connections with various people)

Desire for cotton and sugar from India

Desire for silk from China and spices from East Indies (cinnamon, pepper, cloves, nutmeg, mace)

650

1450

Tang Dynasty (618-907)Song Dynasty (960-1279)

Umayyad Dynasty (661-750)Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258)

Mongols (1200s-1300s)

Swahili City-States (formed during 700s and flourished from 1000-1500)

Srivijaya (controlled Strait of Malacca from 670-1025)

Ming (1368-1644)

Europeans enter Indian Ocean trade (late 1400s)

Malay sailors use monsoons; Indian traders

• Intensified interactions all across Eurasia and Africa• Spread compass, printing, and gunpowder (from

China to Persia to Europe)• Spread of plague

What is staying the same during this time period? Reliance on monsoon winds Exchange of goods is constant (sugar,

cotton, spices, silk, textiles) Spread of religions is constant (Buddhism,

Hinduism, Islam) Spread of advances (gunpowder,

compass, printing from China; math from India)

Trade routes (expansion) East African Swahili States Greater inclusion of China (Tang/Song)

Dominating empires Rise of Islam (greater inclusion of East Africa and creation of

Swahili states; astrolabe and dhows made trade easier ) Reunification of China (Tang/Song) – intensified interactions and

led to creation of Srivijaya; compass and junks made trade easier) Rise of Mongols – led to increased interest in trade by Europeans Ming – initially held off Europeans (reasserted China’s greatness),

but withdrawal opened door for Europeans) Creation of new states

Srivijaya (driven by all water route to China through Strait of Malacca)

Swahili City-States (Swahili was a mix of Arabic and Bantu) Participation of Europeans (Portuguese and Dutch)

What is going on during this time period that is allowing these changes and continuities to take place? The construction of large and powerful

states provided security for merchants and travelers, which helped long-distance commerce

Golden ages of powerful states led to the flourishing of ideas (many advances)

From 650 C.E. – 1450 C.E., commerce along Indian Ocean trade routes was flourishing.

While the spread of ideas and goods remained constant, the empires dominating this trade changed which led to the creation of new states as well as the eventual participation of Europeans in the Indian Ocean trade network.

Make sure that you are not only stating what the changes and continuities are, but also WHY they happened.