17
社區照顧關懷據點之志願服務人員運用管理探討以原台南縣為例 謝振裕 王春展* 曾薔霓 盧禹璁 嘉南藥理大學社會工作系 摘要 各縣市政府為了照顧超過總人口 10%以上的老人以及有需要被照顧的弱勢者,能在原本生活的社區中得到 適當的照顧。社區照顧關懷據點即規劃、組織並運用社區既有的資源來輸送老人福利,運作的人力規劃和動員 則由居民組成的志願服務隊照顧自己的「厝邊」,發揮鄰里間原有的守望相助精神。 本研究針對台南縣社區照顧關懷據點,以問卷調查、深度訪談及焦點團體等方式,進行對志願服務人員運 用管理之探索。其中深度訪談針對 15 個鄉鎮市台南縣村里關懷中心 15 位志工人員進行實地訪談,問卷部分則 31 鄉鎮中寄出了 1944 份,回收了 1793 份,回收率約為 92.2%。主要在瞭解其基本背景、志工工作狀況、自 我成長、管理與訓練、滿意情形等現況。 研究發現,大部分志工滿意自己能為社會貢獻,整體上運用及管理志工人力來進行社區關懷是成功的。研 究結論如下:1.社區照顧關懷據點需要穩定志工人力 2.志工人力的運用工作狀況良好 3.志工人力運作需要妥善 管理 4.公私協力方能推動社區照顧永續經營。 關鍵字:社區照顧關懷據點、志願服務、志工、老人 *通訊作者:嘉南藥理大學社會工作系 Tel:+886-6-2664911 E-mail: [email protected] 壹、緒言 一、 研究背景 2009 4 3 日立法院院會三讀通過台南縣市改 制直轄市案,2009 6 29 日,中華民國行政院審 議通過「臺南縣市合併改制直轄市」案,並於 2010 12 25 日成立臺南直轄市。合併之前原台南縣的 總人口數 1,102,059 人,台南市 771,512,合併之後總 1,873,571 人;台南縣老人比例(142,792 人,佔 12.96%)高於台南市(74,154 人,9.61%),合併之後 老人比例(216,946 人,11.58%)則稍高於全台灣的 水準(10.69%)(王德睦等人,2011)。未來台灣人口 少子高齡化趨勢,顯示關於老人福利的政策規劃、經 費、專業人力以及志願服務供給都是當務之急。 合併之前台南縣是一個農業大鎮,在農村社區 裡,65 歲以上的長輩偏高,加上青壯年人口大量外 移,獨留家裡長者在故鄉。農村老人乏人照顧,若身 體上有任何疾病或不適,子女常因工作之故而無法任 意請假返鄉照顧,迭生困擾。此外,在心理上,老人 家排斥安養護機構制式化之照顧,寧願待在家裡接受 鄰居或親戚噓寒問暖,甚至獨居,也不願意離開自己 熟悉的家園,這是現今社會非常重要且很無奈的問 題。因此,有必要成立經常性的村里照顧網絡,由社 380~396 102 CHIA-NAN ANNUAL BULLETIN VOL.39,PP380-396,2013 аϫᐂ

社區照顧關懷據點之志願服務人員運用管理探討 以原台南縣為例ir.cnu.edu.tw/bitstream/310902800/28103/1/39_380_396.pdf · 社區照顧關懷據點之志願服務人員運用管理探討—

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  • *

    10%

    15 15

    31 1944 1793 92.2%

    1. 2. 3.

    4.

    : * Tel:+886-6-2664911 E-mail: [email protected]

    2009 4 3

    2009 6 29

    2010

    12 25

    1,102,059 771,512

    1,873,571 142,792

    12.96%74,154 9.61%

    216,946 11.58%

    10.69%2011

    65

    380~396 102 CHIA-NAN ANNUAL BULLETINV O L . 3 9 , P P 3 8 0 - 3 9 6 , 2 0 1 3

  • 2003

    2002

    2002 3

    2002 8

    2003

    2002

    10 50

    2003 9

    148

    2006 11 31 2 7

    22 521 269

    2003

    2003

    2011

    (community-oriented social welfare)

    381- -

  • 2002

    1996

    2002

    (community care)

    2000

    20002000

    2002

    1999

    1

    1

    20129

    382- -

  • 2011

    Popple (1995)

    2005 2005

    1.

    2.

    3

    3.

    2003

    1.

    2.

    3.

    4.

    5.

    6.

    2005

    2005

    383- -

  • 2006

    2007

    16

    2012 2010

    2013

    2008

    200520052006

    2007

    2012

    2013

    384- -

  • 2007

    269

    16

    2007

    243

    269

    26

    8 8

    2007 1 6,218

    31 1,944 31%

    1,944 1,793

    92.2%

    58.9

    41.1

    50-69

    55.6 70-90 26.0 22-49

    18.4%

    50.7

    385- -

  • () 21.5()

    20.1

    36.2

    31.2

    62.0

    19.2

    30-59 39.6

    10-29 25.0 60-90

    22.5

    87.1%

    21-39 66.1%

    8-20 25.0 40-84

    8.9%

    1.

    8

    34.3 4 8 29.1

    8 1

    1

    1 18 1 1 1

    1 2 66 3.7 3.7 4.7

    2 4 461 25.7 26.1 30.8

    4 8 515 28.7 29.1 59.9

    8 606 33.8 34.3 94.2

    54 3 3.1 97.3 48 2.7 2.7 100

    1768 98.7 100

    2.

    56.2 20

    84.4 21 15.6

    20 2

    3

    2

    762 42.5 43.8 43.8 978 54.5 56.2 56.2 1740 97.0 100 100

    3

    20 643 65.7 84.4 84.4

    21 119 12.2 15.6 100 762 77.9 100

    3.

    76.5

    69.7%

    4

    4

    376 24.0 24.0 1372 76.5 76.5 1250 69.7 69.7 533 29.7 29.7 470 26.2 26.2 67 3.7 3.7 1793

    4.

    43.5 40.2 5 5

    () 736 41 43.5 43.5

    () 277 15.4 16.4 59.8

    680 37.9 40.2 100

    1693 94.4 100

    386- -

  • 5.

    72.6

    17.3 6

    6

    1301 72.6 72.6 172 9.6 9.6 311 17.3 17.3 252 14.1 14.1 40 2.2 2.2 7 0.4 0.4 115 6.4 6.4 1793

    6.

    56.2 32.9

    7

    7

    578 32.2 32.9 32.9

    987 55 56.2 89.1

    169 9.4 9.6 98.7

    23 1.3 1.3 100

    1757 98 100

    7.

    78.8%

    14.9%

    8

    8

    33 1.8 1.9 1.9

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    1361 75.9 78.8 85.1

    258 14.4 14.9 100

    1727 96.3 100

    8.

    84.0 13.3

    2.7 9

    9

    1466 81.8 84 84

    233 13 13.3 97.3

    47 2.6 2.7 100

    1746 97.4 100

    9.

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    10

    10

    1128 62.9 64.3 64.3

    501 27.9 28.5 92.8

    37 2.1 2.1 94.9

    39 2.2 2.2 97.2

    50 2.8 2.8 100

    1755 97.9 100

    10.

    73.3 22.6

    11

    11

    54 3 3.1 3.1

    18 1 1 4.2

    1288 71.8 73.3 77.4

    397 22.1 22.6 100

    1757 98 100

    387- -

  • 11.

    78.6 19.1

    12

    12

    21 1.2 1.2 1.2

    20 1.1 1.1 2.3

    1381 77 78.6 80.9

    336 18.7 19.1 100

    1758 98 100

    1.

    78.4 19.7

    1.00.913

    13

    18 1 1 1

    16 0.9 0.9 1.9

    1376 76.7 78.4 80.3

    346 19.3 19.7 100

    1756 97.9 100

    2.

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    18.8

    14

    14

    14 0.8 0.8 0.8

    18 1 1 1.8

    1389 77.5 79.3 81.2

    330 18.4 18.8 100

    1751 97.7 100

    3.

    55.1

    42.1 15

    15

    988 55.1 55.1 754 42.1 42.1 432 24.1 24.1 369 20.6 20.6 498 27.8 27.8 268 14.9 14.9 135 7.5 7.5 60 3.3 3.3 1793

    4.

    59.2

    40.4

    16

    16

    1062 59.2 59.2 724 40.4 40.4 408 22.8 22.8 514 28.7 28.7 389 21.7 21.7 11 0.6 0.6 1793

    5.

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    4.5 3.9 17

    17

    68 3.8 3.9 3.9

    78 4.4 4.5 8.4

    1605 89.5 91.6 100

    1751 97.7 100

    6.

    388- -

  • 52.5

    47.3 0.2 18

    18

    913 50.9 52.5 52.5

    3 0.2 0.2 52.7

    823 45.9 47.3 100

    1739 97 100

    7.

    61.3 40.2

    19

    19

    720 40.2 40.2 123 6.9 6.9 1100 61.3 61.3 168 9.4 9.4

    1793

    8.

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    20

    20

    2 0.1 0.1 0.1

    1 2 68 3.8 3.9 4

    2 4 342 19.1 19.6 23.6

    4 8 435 24.3 24.9 48.5

    8 379 21.1 21.7 70.1

    500 27.9 28.6 98.7

    22 1.2 1.3 100

    1748 97.5 100

    9.

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    6.4

    0.3 21

    21 ,

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    1629 90.9 93.3 93.2

    6 0.3 0.3 93.5

    112 6.2 6.4 100

    1747 97.5 100

    ()

    1.

    77.7 14.9

    22

    22

    10 0.6 0.6 0.6

    119 6.6 6.9 7.5

    1342 74.8 77.7 85.1

    257 14.3 14.9 100

    1728 96.4 100

    2.

    62.2 37.8

    23

    23

    636 35.5 37.8 37.8

    1047 58.4 62.2 100

    1684 93.9 100

    3.

    55.2

    27.5 24

    24 ,

    ,

    87 4.9 5.1 5.1

    389- -

  • 944 52.6 55.2 60.3

    470 26.2 27.5 87.8

    13 0.7 0.8 88.5

    182 10.2 10.8 99.2

    14 0.8 0.8 100

    1710 95.4 100

    4.

    57.9

    25.2 25

    25

    ,

    147 8.2 8.6 8.6

    996 55.5 57.9 66.5

    434 24.2 25.2 91.7

    8 0.4 0.5 92.2

    128 7.1 7.4 99.7

    6 0.3 0.3 100

    1719 95.9 100

    5.

    68.2

    12.6 26

    26

    1174 65.5 68.2 68.2 217 12.1 12.6 80.8

    , 58 3.2 3.4 84.1

    63 3.5 3.7 87.8

    205 11.4 11.9 99.7

    5 0.3 0.3 100

    1722 96 100

    31

    2007

    4

    15

    15

    26

    10 5

    45-78 7

    1 3 2 6 3

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    26

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    15.

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    15 15

    3 V1V5

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    5 V3V4V7V11V12

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    2

    ()

    392- -

  • 20

    20

    393- -

  • 4

    4

    2006

    2012

    2011

    Popple (1995)

    2013

    373

    2006-

    2005

    394- -

  • 2011

    137 253-272

    2000

    2012

    2005

    2000

    2011

    23 1-46

    2005

    2003

    2003

    2007

    117

    186-217

    2013

    2002

    2011

    134 94-109

    2007

    Popple, K. (1995). Analysing community work: its

    theory and practice. Buckingham: Open University

    Press.

    395- -

  • The Study of Volunteers Management

    at Community Care CenterThe Case of Former Tainan County

    Cheng Yu Hsieh Chun Chan Wang * Chiang Ni Tseng Yu Tsung Lu

    Department of Social Work,

    Chia-Na University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan 71710, R. O. C.

    Abstract Tainan County Government established many community care centers to serve elders who live in

    the community in order to let them have a familiar environment when they are in aging. The

    community care center utilized local volunteers as workers to serve elders. The study deeply

    interviewed 15 volunteers and surveyed 1793 volunteers and used focus group interviews in order to

    explore the management of volunteers using in community care center.

    The results found that most volunteers liked what they are doing. The researchers found that the

    management of utilizing volunteers to serve elders in community care center is successful. The

    conclusions are in the following: 1.Community care center needs enough and stable volunteers., 2.

    Most volunteers have done good jobs., 3.Its necessary to properly manage the using of volunteers.,

    4.Collaborative relationship enables the proceeding of community care centers.

    Key words: community care center, voluntary service, volunteer, elders *Correspondence: Development of Social Work, Chia-Na University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan 71710, R. O. C. Tel:+886-6-2664911 E-mail: [email protected]

    CHIA-NAN ANNUAL BULLETINV O L . 3 9 , P P . 3 8 0 - 3 9 6 , 2 0 1 3

    3901-39-S-0601-0702-39-S-1708-1803-38-S-1719-2604-39-S-0427-3305-39-S-1434-4206-39-S-2243-5507-39-S-0856-6208-39-S-0263-7209-39-S-1273-7910-39-S-1980-8911-39-S-0390-9612-39-S-2097-10613-39-S-10107-11414-39-S-05115-12115-39-S-07122-13116-39-S-18132-14217-39-S-16143-14918-39-S-11150-15901-39-H-18160-16902-39-H-26170-18403-38-H-37-185-20104-39-H-12202-21305-39-H-22214-22506-39-H-30226-23939-H-30-139-H-30-207-39-H-04240-24808-39-H-16249-25909-39-H-10260-26910-39-H-17270-28311-39-H-29284-29312-39-H-25294-30813-39-H-06309-31914-39-H-02320-33315-39-H-15334-34516-39-H-20346-35317-39-H-23354-36818-39-H-11369-37919-39-H-27380-39620-39-H-14397-40621-39-H-03407-41922-39-H-21420-43323-38-H-40434-44324-38-H-34444-45425-39-H-05455-46926-39-H-01470-479 1