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RISING TENSIONS : M ILITARISM Militarism – glorifying military power and keeping army prepared Army proves power Necessary to protect colonies Competition for colonies = rivalries and mistrust Arms race Each country trying for the best military Important to mobilize quickly
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CAUSES OF WORLD WAR I:
M.A.I.N.
SETTING THE STAGE
• Europe in relative peace for 75 years• Believed
technological progress made war a thing of the past
RISING TENSIONS : MILITARISM• Militarism – glorifying
military power and keeping army prepared • Army proves power• Necessary to protect
colonies • Competition for colonies =
rivalries and mistrust• Arms race• Each country trying for the
best military• Important to mobilize
quickly
RISING TENSIONS : ALLIANCES• Germany worried about French aggression • Dual Alliance with Austria-Hungary• 1881 – Triple Alliance created when Italy joins • Wilhelm II comes to power
• Russia signs pact with France• Wilhelm starts to build big navy • Goal: rival British navy
• Triple Entente:• Great Britain• France• Russia
RISING TENSIONS : IMPERIALISM
• Colonies were best way to prove power • What do you need for
colonies?• Strong military• Industrialized country
• What do colonies give you?• Strong sense of nationalism • Raw materials• Manpower
RISING TENSIONS : NATIONALISM
• Nationalism – deep devotion to one’s country• Unifying force within country• Causes deep distrust and
competition between nations
• Great Powers • France, Great Britain, Austria-
Hungary, Germany, Italy, and Russia
• Rivalries among them lead to increased tensions
CRISIS IN THE BALKANS: POWDER KEG OF EUROPE
• Balkan region in OE• OE in decline, ethnic
groups breaking away• Countries that broke
away:• Greece• Montenegro• Serbia• Romania• Bulgaria
• Most countries wanted to expand borders• Meant needed to take
from neighbors
THE POWDER KEG OF EUROPE: CASE STUDY
• Serbia • Serbia wanted ALL Slavs in
the Balkan region• Russia supported Serbia• Austria-Hungary did not like
it b/c Slavs were in Empire • 1908 – AH annexed Bosnia
and Herzegovina (both Slavic areas)
• Vows:• Serbia promised to take
areas away from AH • AH promised to meet Serbian
aggression with force
POWDER KEG’S SPARK: THE SHOT IN SARAJEVO
• Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia • Actors:• Franz Ferdinand – heir to the
Austro-Hungarian throne• Sophia – his wife • Black Hand – Serbian
nationalist group, wanted to take Bosnia from Austria
• Gavrilo Princip – member of Black Hand
• Event:• Gavrilo Princip assassinated
both Franz Ferdinand
POWDER KEG’S SPARK: OUTCOME
• AH uses the murders to punish Serbia• Gave Serbia an ultimatum • Backed by Germany, BLANK
CHECK• Germany said it would back
ANY play, including war• Serbia (backed by Russia)
declines AH’s ultimatum• AH declared war on Serbia• Russia starts to mobilize its
troops the same day
DISCUSSION QUESTION
What (if anything) could have been done to keep World War I from happening?
This does not just need to be “no alliances or colonies”. Those existed so what else could have been done?