Case Study : Modern Spate Irrigation Case Study : Modern Spate Irrigation in the Arsi Zone in the Arsi Zone

Presented by:Presented by: John-Paul van den HamJohn-Paul van den Ham

Supervisors: Supervisors: Prof. Linden VincentProf. Linden Vincent

Dr. Frank van SteenbergenDr. Frank van Steenbergen

ContentContent Research Research QuestionsQuestions Study AreaStudy Area Overview of research objectsOverview of research objects Water ManagementWater Management The DesignThe Design OperationOperation & Field & Field ApplicationApplication MaintenanceMaintenance RightsRights & & RulesRules and and PracticePractice OrganizationOrganization of Water Management of Water Management Sustainable LivelihoodSustainable Livelihood Analyses Analyses LivelihoodLivelihood RecommendationsRecommendations

Research QuestionsResearch Questions Main research questions ; How is water management taking place in

the new Dodota spate irrigation system and what are the impacts and effects for irrigation, soil conservation practices and production?

Simplified Sub questions; How will water allocation take place?

Which areas are most severe?Who will manage and decide upon allocation?

Who is going to do the operation and maintenance?What kind of maintenance and means are required?Who is responsible for what?

How will water be applied to the field?According to which rules and bylaws is water division taking place?Who is and how are the fields going to be prepared?

What crops will be grown?Will there be a double crop season?

How are farmers going to improve their livelihood?Will they invest labour and money to improve their livelihood?

Study AreaStudy AreaProject name BORU DODOTA

SPATE IRRIGATION

Region/Zone/District Oromia/Arsi/Dodota

P.A/Village 7 PAs

Location coordinates 8011’ N and 39022‘30''E

Average altitude in the command

1700m

Mean annual rain fall 804 mm (Dodota)

Net irrigable area 5000

Water source The Wadi Boru

Base flow/Peak flow 2.1 m3/s / 100 m3/s

Water shed basin Awash

Beneficiary householdsTotal Population

4172/30073

Water duty 1.2/s/ha

Source: IWMI, 2007

Source: Design Document, 2006

Research ObjectsResearch Objects

OWWCE

OWRB

ODPPC

OWWDSE

Sub office WFP

Headquarter WFP

ARDO

KebeleIrrigation Scheme Woreda Regional Federal

DA

CPCB IDWRDO

JICA

MRI

NCCR

EARI

IWMI

MoWR

Farmers

Water ManagementWater Management Organizational aspects of people involvedOrganizational aspects of people involved Approaches and techniques of the designApproaches and techniques of the design Land and water rightsLand and water rights Fairness (equal water sharing)Fairness (equal water sharing) Maintain a sustainable environmentMaintain a sustainable environment Conflicts and conflict resolutionConflicts and conflict resolution

(Mehari Haile, 2007 p.15).(Mehari Haile, 2007 p.15).

Water Rights

Irrigation System

Operation & maintenance

Water Availability

Water Users

Land Use

Livelihood

ProductionInputs

WUA/Cooperative

+-

Utilization*

Education

*Application*Knowledge & Skills*Capacity Building

Government gives support

DesignDesign Design objective; Irrigation system for Design objective; Irrigation system for

development and improvement of this drought development and improvement of this drought prone area under Food Aid. (funded by ODPPC prone area under Food Aid. (funded by ODPPC “Food security through development”)“Food security through development”)

Typically Spate (semi-perennial) using floods.Typically Spate (semi-perennial) using floods.

Based on elevation mapBased on elevation map

Design Characteristics;Design Characteristics;-MC & BC and DS are regulated by sluice gates-MC & BC and DS are regulated by sluice gates-Proportional diversion to BC but not based on -Proportional diversion to BC but not based on command areacommand area

Future plans:Future plans:-Divert near rivers-Divert near rivers-Expend the irrigated area-Expend the irrigated area

Structures

Ogee weir (diversion Spate weir)

Spill Way

Cut of drain

Diversion box (flow diversion structure)

Drop structures (of-takes)

Equal Level Crossing

Culverts (bridge/drainage)

Flume

Canal Length km Total DS

MC1 17,4

BC1 7,20 67

BC2 9,07 73

BC3 6,55 57

BC4 3,54 38

BC5 10,01 57

BC6 7,35 41

BC7 6,21 32

OperationOperation

Headworks OGEE WeirHeadworks OGEE Weir Rejection StructureRejection Structure

Flow Diversion StructureFlow Diversion Structure Dropstructure (of-takes)Dropstructure (of-takes)

Field ApplicationField Application

TC 0.05%

Secondary Canal 0.02% Waterflow

Bund

Contour Contour

Bund Bund

FC

FC

FC

FC

TC

Tertiary Canal Field Canal

0.3m

0.3m

0.6m

1.2m

Bunds

0 -2Distance 300m

0.4m

0.5m

1.7m 1.3m 0.5m

MaintenanceMaintenance

SedimentationSedimentation Canalbed ErosionCanalbed Erosion

Canal Bank WeedsCanal Bank Weeds Canal Bed WeedsCanal Bed Weeds

The demarcation of land that is entitled to irrigation;

Rules on breaking of diversion bunds:

Proportion of the flow going to different flood channels and fields;

The sequence in which the different fields along a flood channel are watered;

The depth of irrigation that each field is to receive;

The practice regarding second water turns.

(A. Mehari, F. Steenbergen and B. Schultz, 2007)

Rights & RulesRights & Rules√√

√

Rules in PracticeRules in Practice

Cattle in the CanalsCattle in the Canals Breaking the CanalBreaking the Canal

Breeching the BundsBreeching the Bunds Upstream/Down- conflictUpstream/Down- conflict

Organisation of Water ManagementOrganisation of Water Management

OWWCE

CommitteeWUA

Cooperatives

CPCB

ARDO(ID)

Branch 4 Leader

Branch 5 Leader

Branch 3 Leader

Branch 6 Leader

Branch 2 Leader

Branch 7 Leader

Branch 1 Leader

OWRB

TC Leader

Farmers

TC Leader

Farmers

TC Leader

Farmers

TC Leader

Farmers

TC Leader

Farmers

TC Leader

Farmers

TC Leader

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers

Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers

Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers

Farmers Farmers Farmers Farmers

OWWDSE

Organisation of Water ManagementOrganisation of Water Management

SLASLACurrent Assets Transforming structures & processes Future assets Livelihood strategies

Human:-Deprived to produce-Careless-Underemployment

ARDO – Education(training)

-Knowledgeand skills

-Improved skillsand application-Improved health-Job Opportunities

Farmers are motivatedand encouraged

Social:-Organised in PA

CPCP establishWUA/Cooperatives

-Organised Water user groups- Water rights and obligations

-Membership formalised group(rules, norms,sanctions)

Farmers participate inthe maintenance andoperation (contributelabour) and have aresponsibility and asense of ownership

Natural:-Access to land*-Low production

-ODPPC – (OWRB-OWWDSE – OWWCE) Spate Irrigation System

Increase waterAvailability

-Access to irrigatedland-Higher production

Farmersincrease theirproduction

Physical:-Poor transport-No irrigation facilities

-Oromio Road Authority-ODPPC – OWRB-OWWDSE –OWWCESpate Irrigation System

-Infrastructural development-Access to supplemental irrigation

-Improved transportation-Supplementalirrigation system

Farmers use theirrigation system effectiveand use the infrastructure.

Financial:-Food insecure-Some Livestock

Cooperatives -Access to creditsand loans

-Government support-Cash for Investments-Access to other markets

Farmers invest in their productivity and other assets.

LivelihoodLivelihood

Increased YieldsIncreased Yields Education & trainingEducation & training

Market growth/JobsMarket growth/Jobs Acces to transportationAcces to transportation

H

N

FP

S

Participation in O&MParticipation in O&M

RecommendationsRecommendations Water Management according to administrative and hydrological boundariesWater Management according to administrative and hydrological boundaries

Need for government support for Operation and MaintenanceNeed for government support for Operation and Maintenance

Improved water rights and rules are necessary to achieve fair distributionImproved water rights and rules are necessary to achieve fair distribution

Focus on education of farmers and training of TC- and branch leaders Focus on education of farmers and training of TC- and branch leaders

Creation of awareness Creation of awareness Creation of awareness by farmers, some crops are critical for irrigation (short Creation of awareness by farmers, some crops are critical for irrigation (short

irrigation interval and or sensitive for water stress)irrigation interval and or sensitive for water stress) Creation of awareness by farmers , since there will be an increase of agricultural Creation of awareness by farmers , since there will be an increase of agricultural

land with the double season, thus there is need for more fodder and restricted land with the double season, thus there is need for more fodder and restricted free grazing areasfree grazing areas

Monitoring and evaluation of water distribution for improvementMonitoring and evaluation of water distribution for improvement

By John Paul van den HamBy John Paul van den Ham