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IABSE Henderson Colloquium, Cambridge, 10-12 July 2006 Peter Head Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities __________________________________________________________________________________________
CASE STUDY: DONG TAN ECO-CITY Peter Head Director, Arup, UK. ‘PowerPoint’ Slides from Colloquium Presentation
Peter Head
1
FACTOR 10 ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE CITIES
Dongtan Eco City ������
July 2006Mr Peter Head OBE FREng - Director Arup
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006PRESENTATION CONTENTS
China’s new direction in urban development
Why Dongtan?
Approach to masterplanning and integrated urbanism - total serial innovation
The first phase masterplan and the factors of ten improvements in performance
Peter Head
2
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Like much of the world, China is becoming more urban
“Urban population is to reach 1.12 billion by 2050 – this is a shift of more than 600 million people from rural to urban.”Guangming Daily
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Unsustainable urbanization is a threat to long term security
China’s current development is ecologically unsustainable, and the damage will not be reversible once higher GDP has been achieved.
Zhenhua Xie, Minister of State Environmental Protection Agency
Peter Head
3
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Peter Head
4
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
8,400 hectares
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
�������������������� ���� �� ��� ��� ��� �
DONGTAN ECO CITY –THE SUSTAINABLE APPROACH
Peter Head
5
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
September 2005
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO VALUETHROUGH BETTER DESIGN
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Peter Head
6
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006OBJECTIVE 1 ���� ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
34��34��34��34��/5"��5"��5"��5"��buffer city / linear city:6767676789:;<=�89:;<=�89:;<=�89:;<=�protecting and enhancing the bird habitat
>?@��>?@��>?@��>?@��Zero emission transportABC$DE/ABC$DE/ABC$DE/ABC$DE/Water treatment and recyclingF��GHF��GHF��GHF��GHLow traffic noiseIJKLMIJKLMIJKLMIJKLMLight pollution controlNOPQRNOPQRNOPQRNOPQRNo landfillSTUV�WXY�STUV�WXY�STUV�WXY�STUV�WXY�Biodiversity in landscapeFactor 10- Reduction in particulates
Z[Z[Z[Z[1 \\\\/089/089/089/089
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
]^_`aV�bc,-d$e]^_`aV�bc,-d$e]^_`aV�bc,-d$e]^_`aV�bc,-d$eTOWN OF VILLAGES IN HARMONY WITH NATURE
Peter Head
7
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
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OBJECTIVE 2 ���� SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC BENEFIT
�V�����V�����V�����V����Sustainable Eco-city
80,000 residents 8jkljkljkljkl15,000 visitors dailymnmnmnmn1jjjj5opqropqropqropqr
51,000s�tuvs�tuvs�tuvs�tuv51,000 jobs
wx��wx��wx��wx��Conventional Approach City
50,000 residents 5jkljkljkljkl 19,000s�tuvs�tuvs�tuvs�tuv19,000 jobs
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
yz{|}~!V��yz{|}~!V��yz{|}~!V��yz{|}~!V�� reduces demand for motorised travel
���z����z����z����z� minimises commuting
���������������������������� provides services locally
����{2����{2����{2����{2 generates employment
����������������—����������������
COMPACT CITY ���� MIXED USE
54 % k���k���k���k��� / 46% ����������������54 % Residential / 46% other uses
Peter Head
8
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
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COMPACT CITY
image to be changed - modified
F�&���-3-8�/��)�� 1.45/m� ��75¡�¢/8j£low rise & high density – 3 to 8 storeys / 1.45 average plot ratio / 75 dwelling per hectares 80,000 people
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
¤�$"�¤�$"�¤�$"�¤�$"�MASSING AND TYPOLOGIES
21’st century waterfront – Heart at the Harbour ¥¦§¨©VªA�«¥¦§¨©VªA�«¥¦§¨©VªA�«¥¦§¨©VªA�«����U¬®U¬®U¬®U¬®
Dongtan’s Urban Rooms are containers for peoples’ interactions �����%�����%�����%�����%¯̄̄̄£°�±V)²£°�±V)²£°�±V)²£°�±V)²
Peter Head
9
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
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OBJECTIVE 3 ���� LOW ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT
-
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
8.00
Shanghai Beijing Dongtan BaselineAssessment
Dongtan SustainableAssessment
Dongtan SustainableAssessment with
Policies
EF
(gh
a./c
ap) Services and Govt.
Consumables and Waste
Mobility
Construction
Food
����V´µ����V´µ����V´µ����V´µ 2.6¶·� ¶·� ¶·� ¶·� /££££ Eco-City Footprint 2.6 gh/person
wx¸#Vwx¸#Vwx¸#Vwx¸#V��´µ��´µ��´µ��´µ 5.8¶·� ¶·� ¶·� ¶·� /££££ Conventional Approach City Footprint 5.8 gh/person
Factor 10- Reduction in energy footprint
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Ecological footprinting
Using REAP for Dongtan
Peter Head
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Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ���� REFERENCE AND COMPARISON CITIES
-1.00
-
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
7.00
Shanghai
gha.
/ca
p
Capital Investment
Government
Exports
Services
Goods
Mobility
Housing
Food
= 5.83 gha / capita
-
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
Santia
go
Beijing
Toky
o
Lond
on
Shang
hai
Toron
to
New Y
ork
Housto
nE
F (
gh
a./c
ap)
Other
Services
Goods
Mobility
Housing
Food
Reference (Shanghai) Comparison cities
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
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OBJECTIVE 4 ���� WATER AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT �V�����V�����V�����V����Sustainable Eco-city
m¼½Am¼½Am¼½Am¼½A16¾¾¾¾500 ¿¿¿¿/nnnnWater Consumption 16,500 T per Daym¼?Am¼?Am¼?Am¼?A3,500 ¿¿¿¿/nnnnWater Discharge 3.500 T per Day
m¼½Am¼½Am¼½Am¼½A29¾¾¾¾000 ¿¿¿¿/nnnnWater Consumption 29,000 T per Daym¼?Am¼?Am¼?Am¼?A29¾¾¾¾000 ¿¿¿¿/nnnnWater Discharge 29,000 T per DayFactor 10 –Reduction in discharge
wx��wx��wx��wx��Conventional Approach City
Peter Head
11
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Z[Z[Z[Z[ ¹g¹g¹g¹g\\\\ Acº»LMAcº»LMAcº»LMAcº»LM
OBJECTIVE 4 ���� WATER AND FLOOD MANAGEMENT
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
A¤ÀÁA¤ÀÁA¤ÀÁA¤ÀÁ –ÂÃÄ-VÅÆÂÃÄ-VÅÆÂÃÄ-VÅÆÂÃÄ-VÅÆWORKING WITH WATER - RECREATION LAKE
Peter Head
12
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
º»ÇȺ»ÇȺ»ÇȺ»ÇÈ
FLOODING APPROACHSelf Sufficient Villages – Sustainable Flood Management Strategy [Plan]
,ɺÊV^Ë,ɺÊV^Ë,ɺÊV^Ë,ɺÊV^Ë������º»ÌCÇÈ��º»ÌCÇÈ��º»ÌCÇÈ��º»ÌCÇÈÍÍÍÍxÎxÎxÎxÎÏgggggggggggggggggggggÏgggggggggggggggggggggÏgggggggggggggggggggggÏggggggggggggggggggggg
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
AÐ�AÐ�AÐ�AÐ�����º»LMº»LMº»LMº»LM
WATER CITY ���� FLOODING MANAGMENT
Peter Head
13
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
OBJECTIVE 5- AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION
Sustainable Eco-City 8Ha of city factory, no loss of production
Conventional Approach City Loss of 1000 ha of productive land
Factor 10 –Improvement in agricultural productivity
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Z[Z[Z[Z[ ÑgÑgÑgÑg\\\\ ����Ò��$yz?@����Ò��$yz?@����Ò��$yz?@����Ò��$yz?@OBJECTIVE 6 ���� ENERGY PRODUCTION, USE AND EMISSION REDUCTION
�V�����V�����V�����V����Sustainable Eco-city
���������������� 600ÓÔÕÓÔÕÓÔÕÓÔÕ/mÖmÖmÖmÖEnergy Demand 600 GWH/year×�$Ø�Ù��¥Ú�Û?@×�$Ø�Ù��¥Ú�Û?@×�$Ø�Ù��¥Ú�Û?@×�$Ø�Ù��¥Ú�Û?@No CO2 Emission from energy for power and heat
���������������� 1650ÓÔÕÓÔÕÓÔÕÓÔÕ/mÖmÖmÖmÖEnergy Demand 1650 GWH/yearmÖ��mÖ��mÖ��mÖ��350,000¿V¥Ú�Û?@¿V¥Ú�Û?@¿V¥Ú�Û?@¿V¥Ú�Û?@CO2 Emission of 350,000 tons per yearFactor 10- Reduction in carbon emissions
wx��wx��wx��wx��Conventional Approach City
Peter Head
14
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
��������ÇÈÇÈÇÈÇÈENERGY APPROACH
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Large Scale Wind, 52,034
Urban Wind, 4,336
Photovoltaic Cells, 13,009
MSW CHP, 2,218
Digestion Biogas CHP, 2,646
Rice Residue CHP, 69,365
Cultivated Biomas CHP, 29,839
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ECO DEMONSTRATOR –SOURCES OF ELECTRICAL GENERATION (MWh per annum)
Peter Head
15
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
image to be changed - modified
åæV��åæV��åæV��åæV��
GREEN CITY
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
ST$ç@�%ST$ç@�%ST$ç@�%ST$ç@�%LANDSCAPE AND OPEN SPACE
Open Space Character ç@�%è�ç@�%è�ç@�%è�ç@�%è�
Plan Legend
- Ecological Parkland- City Parks- Green Roofs
- City Squares, Walled Gardens and Courtyards
Peter Head
16
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
20.5 sqm
éêéêéêéêLondon
6.6 sqm 27 sqm
��������Dongtan
ëìíëìíëìíëìíLos Angeles
£�å�Æ�£�å�Æ�£�å�Æ�£�å�Æ�: ¨î&'`ï¨î&'`ï¨î&'`ï¨î&'`ï(WHO)ð�ñð�ñð�ñð�ñ8�òó�òó�òó�òó / ôõñôõñôõñôõñ10�òó�òó�òó�òóGreen area per capita. WHO: 8 sqm / Shanghai: 10 sqm
öÆ�ñöÆ�ñöÆ�ñöÆ�ñ215� � � � 215 hectares / total��Æ�ñ��Æ�ñ��Æ�ñ��Æ�ñ73� � � �
73 hectares / urban area���÷ñ���÷ñ���÷ñ���÷ñ142� � � �
142 hectares / ecology park
åæ��åæ��åæ��åæ��—�[ø�[ø�[ø�[ø
GREEN CITY ���� HIGH STANDARD
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
ST$ç@�%ST$ç@�%ST$ç@�%ST$ç@�%LANDSCAPE AND OPEN SPACEIn the heart of the City there will still be close contact with nature.
ù��U¬ú�ûü,-ù��U¬ú�ûü,-ù��U¬ú�ûü,-ù��U¬ú�ûü,-
Peter Head
17
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Z[Z[Z[Z[ýgýgýgýg\\\\ þ�WÌCþ�WÌCþ�WÌCþ�WÌC
OBJECTIVE 7 ���� WASTE MANGEMENT
��V������V������V������V����Sustainable Eco-city
100�Vþ�W���Vþ�W���Vþ�W���Vþ�W��100%WASTE COLLECTIONþ�W�R�þ�W�R�þ�W�R�þ�W�R� 5,000¿¿¿¿/ÖÖÖÖ5000 T/YEAR TO LANDFILL
80�Vþ�W���Vþ�W���Vþ�W���Vþ�W��80% WASTE COLLECTIONþ�W�R�þ�W�R�þ�W�R�þ�W�R� 30,000¿¿¿¿/ÖÖÖÖ30,000 T/YEAR TO LANDFILLFactor 10-Reduction in landfill
wx��wx��wx��wx��Conventional Approach City
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Z[Z[Z[Z[�g�g�g�g\��$��\��$��\��$��\��$��
OBJECTIVE 8 ���� ACCESSIBILITY AND TRANSPORT
��V������V������V������V����Sustainable Eco-city
mnV��\mnV��\mnV��\mnV��\420j��j��j��j��DAILY TRAVEL DISTANCE 4.2 million KM>Û?@>Û?@>Û?@>Û?@ZERO CO2 EMISSIONS���������������� 24��������AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH 24 KM
mnV��\mnV��\mnV��\mnV��\600j��j��j��j��DAILY TRAVEL DISTANCE 6.0 million KMmÖ¥Ú�ÛV?@�mÖ¥Ú�ÛV?@�mÖ¥Ú�ÛV?@�mÖ¥Ú�ÛV?@� 40j¿j¿j¿j¿400¾¾¾¾000 TONNES CO2 EMISSIONS PER YEAR���������������� 56��������AVERAGE TRIP LENGTH 56 KMFactor 10-Reduction in carbon emissions
wx��wx��wx��wx��Conventional Approach City
Peter Head
18
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
��������ACCESSIBILITYDelivering Public Transport – Road and Water, a complementary network
���� ����� ����� ����� �——��$A�¾t�§s��V������$A�¾t�§s��V������$A�¾t�§s��V������$A�¾t�§s��V����
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
��V����V����V����V��ACCESSIBLE CITY
Peter Head
19
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Road Network Strategy – Encouraging a high quality, safe and active Town
�����È�����È�����È�����È���������Ò�¶$��äV�������Ò�¶$��äV�������Ò�¶$��äV�������Ò�¶$��äV��
��������ACCESSIBILITY
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
image to be changed - modified
��V����V����V����V��ACCESSIBLE CITY
Peter Head
20
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
£!�£!�£!�£!�—,!}�ñ����a����Ò�¶$��V��,!}�ñ����a����Ò�¶$��V��,!}�ñ����a����Ò�¶$��V��,!}�ñ����a����Ò�¶$��V��Pedestrian – Cycle Routes : Encouraging a high quality, safe and active Town
��V����V����V����V��ACCESSIBLE CITY
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
Road Network Strategy – Encouraging a high quality, safe and active Town
�����È�����È�����È�����È���������Ò�¶$��äV�������Ò�¶$��äV�������Ò�¶$��äV�������Ò�¶$��äV��
No through routes for vehicles
��{|}��V�5��{|}��V�5��{|}��V�5��{|}��V�5
��������ACCESSIBILITY
Peter Head
21
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006Freight Logistics
Factor 10 Engineering for Sustainable Cities
July 2006
� V��� V��� V��� V��!!!!� �V��� �V��� �V��� �V��BETTER CITY, SUSTAINABLE CITY