Canadian Diamond Drilling AssociationVancouver, BCMay 29, 2008

Technically Demanding Cement Grout Applications

Involving Diamond Core Drilling

Peter White, P.Eng

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects:

• In The Hole

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects:

• In The Hole• Around The Hole

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects:

• In The Hole• Around The Hole• Beyond The Hole

Diamond Core Drilling for Grouting Projects:

• In The Hole• Around The Hole• Beyond The Hole• Typically Bad Ground Conditions

Recent Diamond Drilling Contractors with Technical Grouting Projects:

• Boart Longyear (FNX Podolsky)• Forage Orbit Garant (FNX Podolsky)• Major Drilling (Goldcorp & Diavik)• Progressive Drilling (PCS Picadilly)• Hy-Tech Drilling (McArthur River)

Grouting Project Profiles

1. Agnico-Eagle, Finland

2. Goldcorp, Red Lake, Ont.

3. Hsuehshan Tunnel, Taiwan

4. Pan American Silver, Peru

Agnico-Eagle, FinlandKittilä Mine

Ventilation RaiseThrough

Water-Bearing Formations

Problem:

To Seal Water-Bearing Formations

Prior to Vent Raise Excavation

Agnico-Eagle, Finland

Solution:

• Systematic Perimeter Drill Hole Pattern

• Down Stage Cement Grouting

• Grouting Strategy

• Specified Grout Mixtures

• Target Grouting Parameters

Agnico-Eagle, Finland

5 m

25 m

40 m

40 mFractured

Broken

Water-Filled

Overburden

Raise Bore Machine Tent

4 m dia Raise Bore Reamer

Typical Raise Bore Enclosure

Drill Casings for Electrical Cables

Drill Casings for Mine Backfill Pipes

Diamec U6 Drill Rig

Cemix 203 H Colloidal Mixer

Cemag 403 H Agitator Tank

Key Elements for Success:

• Experienced Contractor

• Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment

• Selection of Suitable Cements for Site Conditions

• Appropriate Use of Grouting Additives

• Consistent Range of Grout Formulations

• Target Grout Volumes and Decision Criteria

• Limited Duration Grouting Operations

Agnico-Eagle, Finland

GoldcorpRed Lake Mine

Ventilation RaiseWith

Major Water-Bearing Fracture

Problem:

To Seal Water-Bearing Fault

In Pilot Hole at 400 ft Depth

And Reduce 20 GPM Water Inflow

Before Reaming Raise to 18 ft Dia

Goldcorp, Red Lake Ont.

Solution:

Plug Pilot Hole to Stop Water Inflow

Systematic Perimeter Drill Hole Pattern

Microfine Cement Grouting

Goldcorp, Red Lake Ont.

400 ft

Water-Bearing Fracture

Overburden

20 GPM

15 inch dia Pilot Hole

400 ft

Water-Bearing Fracture

Overburden

Diamond Drill

Inflatable Packer + Internal Valve

HQ Drill Rods +

Safety Cable

400 ftGroutHole

GroutHole

WaterCirculation

40 ft 40 ft

25 ft 25 ft

400 ftGroutHole

GroutHole

DrainWaterColumn

400 ftGroutHole

GroutHole

RemoveInflatablePacker

2 GPM

Foot Clamp & Safety Cable Sheave Wheel

Safety Cable Sheave Wheel

HQ Drill Rods in 15 inch Hole

Vent Raise

at Surface

380

360

340

320

6200 62206240

6260 6280

Hole # 1

Hole # 2

6180400

GoldcorpVent Raise Grouting 2005Grout Hole Survey ResultsP White November 3, 2005

Red solid lines indicate surveyed hole trajectory from surface to approximately 400 ftTan Tag - Tight Hole - zero or low grout consumptionYellow Tag - grout consumption in between tan & green holesGreen Tag - Open Hole - high grout consumptionBlue Circle Numbers indicate grouting sequence

Hole # 4

Hole # 3

37 ft

16 ft

26 ft

33 ft

Hole # 6

Hole # 7

Hole # 5

80 ft Circle 50 ft Circle33 ft

24 ft

26 ft

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

Vent Raise

at Surface

380

360

340

320

6200 62206240

6260 6280

Hole # 1

Hole # 2

6180400

GoldcorpVent Raise Grouting 2006Drill Hole LocationsP White April 11, 2006

Red solid lines indicate surveyed hole trajectory from surface to approximately 400 ftTan Tag - Tight Hole - zero or low grout consumptionYellow Tag - grout consumption in between tan & green holesGreen Tag - Open Hole - high grout consumptionBlue Circle Numbers indicate grouting sequence

Hole # 4

Hole # 3

25 ft

16 ft

26 ft

16 ft

Hole # 6

Hole # 7

Hole # 5

80 ft Circle

20 ft

24 ft

16 ft

#1

#2

#3

#4

#5

#6

#7

Hole # 11#8

Hole # 10

Hole # 9

Hole # 8

Hole # 12

#9

#10

#11

#12

13 ft13 ft

16 ft

20 ft

Key Elements for Success:

• Innovative Approach to Eliminate Groundwater Movement

• Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment

• Water Pressure Testing To Assess Site Conditions

• Selection of Suitable Cements

• Gyro-Survey to Plot Drill Hole Positions

Goldcorp, Red Lake Ont.

Hsuehshan TunnelTaiwan

Exploration DrillholeIn

Blocky Ground

Problem:

To Drill Long Exploration Holes

In Advance of Tunnel Heading

Previous Contractor Could Not

Drill Beyond 100 m

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan

Solution:

Controlled Drilling

Fast-Setting, High-Strength Grout

Downstage Grouting Methods

Using Inflatable Packers

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan

4.8 m DiaPilot TunnelRobbins TBM

Twin 11.72 m DiaRoad Tunnels

Wirth TBM

Hsuehshan Tunnel Project

Tunnel Advance ->

Drill StationExploration Drillhole

Tunnel Portal<- 2,000 m

Hsuehshan Tunnel Project

Challenges:

• Limited Success with Conventional Drilling (P>H>N>B>A)

• Client & Contractors With Limited Grouting Experience

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan

DrillingDirection

Portion ofDrill Hole

PreviouslyDrilled

andGrouted

DeterioratingDrilling

Conditions

SatisfactoryDrilling

Conditions

DifficultDrilling

Conditions

DrillingDirection

SetInflatablePackerHere

Pump Accelerated Set TimeHigh Strength Cement Grout

Only at Bottom of Hole

Grout Formulation:Low W:C RatioWarm WaterCementCaCl

Key Elements for Success:

• Innovative Drilling Contractor Seeking Solutions

• Grouting Knowledge & Relevant Experience

• Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment

• Fast-Setting High-Strength Cement Grout

Hsuehshan Tunnel,Taiwan

Pan American SilverUnidad Huaron

Peru

Shaft SinkingIn

Water-Bearing Ground

Problem:

To Drill and Grout

In Advance of Shaft Sinking

From Upper Level Access

With High Rates of Water Inflow

Pan American Silver, Peru

Solution:

Controlled Drilling

Controlled Grouting

Downstage Grouting Methods

Using Inflatable Packers

Pan American Silver, Peru

COTA 4207

COTA 4232

COTA 4163

COTA 4112

15 m10 m

Existing Shaft

Zone to Be GroutedPrior to Shaft Sinking

Water-BearingFault Zone

Drill Hole Pattern

Shaft Station &Loading Pocket

Key Elements for Success:

• Innovative Mining Company Seeking Solutions

• Grouting Knowledge & Relevant Experience

• Appropriate Drilling and Grouting Equipment

• Down Stage Drilling & Grouting Methods

Pan American Silver, Peru

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