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7/26/2019 C-I Based HO Evaluation Description
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/c-i-based-ho-evaluation-description 1/22
C/I Based Handover Candidate
Evaluation
DN9814226Issue 3-0 en
# Nokia Siemens Networks 1 (22)
BSC3119
Nokia BSC/TCSM, Rel. S12, Product
Documentation, v.3
7/26/2019 C-I Based HO Evaluation Description
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The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only theproduct defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for theuse of Nokia Siemens Networks customers only for the purposes of the agreement under whichthe document is submitted, and no part of it may be used, reproduced, modified or transmitted inany form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks. Thedocumentation has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel,and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Siemens Networks welcomescustomer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of thedocumentation.
The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products are given “as is” and all liabilityarising in connection with such hardware or software products shall be defined conclusively andfinally in a separate agreement between Nokia Siemens Networks and the customer. However,Nokia Siemens Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructionscontained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. NokiaSiemens Networks will, if deemed necessary by Nokia Siemens Networks, explain issues which
may not be covered by the document.
Nokia Siemens Networks will correct errors in this documentation as soon as possible. IN NOEVENT WILL NOKIA SIEMENS NETWORKS BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THISDOCUMENTATION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL,DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY LOSSES, SUCH AS BUTNOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFIT, REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, BUSINESSOPPORTUNITY OR DATA, THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THEINFORMATION IN IT.
This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrights andother intellectual property rights according to the applicable laws.
The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG.
Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners,and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.
Copyright © Nokia Siemens Networks 2007. All rights reserved.
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Contents
Contents 3
List of tables 4
List of figures 5
Summary of changes 7
1 Overview of C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation 9
2 Functionality of C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation 11
3 Handover strategy of C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation 133.1 Processing of radio link measurements 153.2 Threshold comparison 153.3 HO decision algorithm 163.3.1 C/I evaluation 163.3.2 C/I-based handover candidate evaluation 17
4 User interface of C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation 21
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Contents
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List of tables
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List of figures
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List of figures
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Summary of changes
Changes between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest
document issue contains all changes made to previous issues.
Changes made between issues 3 and 2
Chapter Implementation of C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation has
been removed. The contents of this chapter have been added to other
chapters. In addition, editorial changes have been made. No changes
have been made in the document due to changes in the software.
Changes made between issues 2 and 1b-0
The document has been revised throughout to comply with the latest
documentation standards.
Updated information on the identification of the reference cell in the
chapter Adjacent cell parameters.
Changes made between issues 1b-0 and 1a-0
The document has been revised throughout to comply with the latest
documentation standards. No changes have been made in the document
due to new features.
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Summary of changes
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2 Functionality of C/I Based Handover
Candidate Evaluation
When C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation is employed by the BSC,the BSC is able to estimate the level of the potential co- and adjacent
channel interference on each candidate cell at the current location of the
mobile station. The interference each mobile is exposed to is used by the
BSC when it determines the most appropriate neighbouring cell where the
call can be handed over.
The carrier/interference (C/I) ratio on the handover candidates affects both
the target cell evaluation done according to radio criteria and the order of
preference of the target cells. The BSC removes those handover
candidates from the list of target cells whose potential C/I ratio is below an
acceptable level. The potential C/I ratio on the cells affects the order of preference of the target cells in the following way:
. good C/I ratio of a cell keeps the priority of the cell unchanged or
increases the priority of the cell;
. bad C/I ratio of a cell reduces the priority of the cell.
C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation is activated on a cell-by-cell
basis by means of the O&M (parameter C/I estimation method).
Downlink C/I ratio of the handover candidate
The BSC estimates the potential downlink C/I ratio of the handover
candidate by means of various adjustable parameters and the
measurement results reported by the MS via the BTS.
By comparing the downlink signal level of the candidate cell (carrier) and
the downlink interference level caused by the interfering (reference) cells,
the BSC can calculate the C/I ratio on the candidate cell at the current
location of the mobile station.
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It is possible to define 5 reference (interfering) cells at most for each of the
adjacent cells by means of the O&M. The reference cells must be adjacentto the serving cell (see Radio Network Configuration Management ),
otherwise the mobile station is not able to measure and report the signal
levels of the reference cells.
. Directly-measured interference level
The most common situation is that the potential source of
interference is a cell which has one or more radio frequencies
identical to the candidate cell and, furthermore, the location of the
interfering cell is close enough to cause interference. In this situation
the downlink signal level of the interfering (reference) cell
corresponds directly to the interference level on the candidate cell
caused by the interfering cell.
. Estimated interference level
The signal level of the interfering cell may not always be available.
The reason usually is that the MS is able to report the measurement
results of the six strongest neighbouring cells it receives best, and
the interfering cells are often weaker than the six strongest
neighbouring cells, coupled with the possibility of BSIC decoding
failure. Also, if the potential source of interference is a cell which has
BCCH frequency identical to the handover candidate, the
corresponding interference level cannot be measured and reportedby the MSs because of identical BCCH frequencies. In these cases
the BSC can only estimate the interference level caused by the
interfering cell by means of the signal levels which the MSs can
measure and report.
When the RF signal profile of an adjacent cell is similar to the
interference profile within the coverage area of the handover
candidate, it is possible to define the adjacent cell as the interfering
(reference) cell instead of the true source of interference. The RF
signal profile is considered identical to the interference profile, when
the ratio between the RF signal level and the interference level (for
example 6 dB, represented by means of a parameter leveladjustment (L1-L5) set for each reference cell) remains
approximately unchanged within the service area of the handover
candidate.
To increase the reliability of the estimation, several reference cells
may be used for calculating the estimated downlink interference
level.
For an overview, see Overview of C/I Based Handover Candidate
Evaluation.
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3 Handover strategy of C/I Based
Handover Candidate Evaluation
The main functions of the C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation arecontrolled by the RF Power Control and Handover Algorithm, which is
responsible for processing radio link measurements and for the threshold
comparison and decision of Power Control (PC) and Handover (HO) in the
BSC. For more information, see RF Power Control and Handover
Algorithm.
C/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation has special requirements for
the HO decision algorithm, that is, the target cell evaluation procedure.
Special requirements are not, however, directed towards the measurement
processing and the threshold comparison.
The handover decisions made by the BSC are based on the measurement
results reported by the MS/BTS and various adjustable parameters.
C/I based handover candidate evaluation
The C/I based handover candidate evaluation is activated on a cell-by-cell
basis by means of the parameter C/I estimation method.
The C/I ratio on the handover candidates at the current location of the
mobile station affects both the target cell evaluation done according to
radio criteria and the order of preference of the target cells.
When the C/I based handover candidate evaluation procedure is
employed in the serving cell, the HO decision algorithm verifies, in addition
to the conventional signal strength conditions, that the C/I ratio of
handover candidates meet the requirements of a good radio connection
quality. The BSC removes those handover candidates from the list of
target cells whose C/I ratio is below an acceptable level.
The BSC ranks the handover candidates (target cells) which meet the
requirements for the radio link properties on the basis of the following
properties:
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1. the priority levels of the handover candidates
2. the load of the handover candidates which belong to the local BSS
3. the C/I ratio on the handover candidates at the current location of the
mobile station
Both the load of the cells and the C/I ratio on the cells affect the order of
preference of the target cells by means of the priority levels. The HO
algorithm considers the C/I ratio of a handover candidate at the current
location of the mobile station in the following way:
. good C/I ratio of a cell keeps the priority of the cell unchanged or
increases the priority of the cell. bad C/I ratio of a cell decreases the priority of the cell
The crucial principle is that high-priority cells are considered better than
low priority cells, that is, a cell is ranked higher than another cell if it has a
higher priority level even though its signal strength condition is worse.
Applicable handovers
The C/I-based handover candidate evaluation procedure concerns inter-
cell handovers caused by the following reasons:
. conventional radio criteria such as power budget, low signal level,
and bad signal quality
. traffic control between macrocells and microcells during a call, that
is, umbrella handover
. traffic control between regular and super-reuse frequencies during a
call (underlay-overlay handover) when the handover to be performed
is an inter-cell handover from a parent cell to a child cell (for more
information, see Intelligent Underlay-Overlay.
The crucial principle is that the BSC applies the C/I-based handover candidate evaluation procedure when the handover candidates for a
handover are ranked mainly according to the priority levels. If the handover
candidates for a handover are ranked only according to radio link
properties and priority levels are not used (see RF Power Control and
Handover Algorithm, imperative handover, traffic reason handover), the C/
I-based handover candidate evaluation procedure is not applied.
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3.1 Processing of radio link measurements
C/I-based handover candidate evaluation does not have any special
requirements for the following basic averaging procedures (for more
information, see RF Power Control and Handover Algorithm):
. weighted averaging of quality and level
. averaging of distance
. bookkeeping and averaging of the RXLEV of the adjacent cell.
The BSC uses exactly the same averaging procedure for the bookkeeping
and averaging of the signal level (RXLEV) of the reference cell as for theadjacent cell.
There is the following correspondence between the measurement resultsof the reference cells of the adjacent cell (n) and the averaged results:
M EA SU RE ME NT R ES UL T A VE RA GE D R ES UL T
RXLEV_REF1 (n) AV_ RXLEV _RE F1 (n)
RXLEV_REF2 (n) AV_ RXLEV _RE F2 (n)
RXLEV_REF3 (n) AV_ RXLEV _RE F3 (n)
RXLEV_REF4 (n) AV_ RXLEV _RE F4 (n)
RXLEV_REF5 (n) AV_ RXLEV _RE F5 (n)
Note
The reference cells must be adjacent to the serving cell, otherwise the
mobile station is not able to measure and report the signal levels of the
reference cells (see Radio Network Configuration Management ).
3.2 Threshold comparisonC/I Based Handover Candidate Evaluation does not have any special
requirements for the threshold comparison.
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3.3 HO decision algorithm
3.3.1 C/I evaluation
The BSC calculates the downlink C/I ratio of those handover candidates
only which have specified reference cells. The BSC calculates the
downlink C/I ratio of the handover candidate by means of the processed
measurement results (averages) and the relevant parameters.
Processed measurement results are the following:
.
downlink RXLEV of the adjacent (candidate) cell. downlink RXLEV of the reference cells
Parameters are the following:
. C/I estimation method
. level adjustment
. C/I estimation weight
By comparing the downlink RXLEV of the candidate cell and the downlinkRXLEV of the reference cells, the BSC can calculate the C/I ratio of the
candidate cell. If the average downlink RXLEV of a reference cell is not
available, that is, the reference cell is not among the six best neighbouring
cells measured by the MS, the C/I evaluation procedure ignores this
reference cell of the handover candidate. If there is no averaged RXLEV
available of any reference cell, the BSC is not capable of calculating the
downlink C/I ratio of the handover candidate.
The HO algorithm uses two alternative methods to calculate the potential
downlink C/I ratio on the candidate cell:
. average taking method;
. maximum taking method.
The C/I estimation method is selected by means of the parameter C/Iestimation method and administered on a cell-by-cell basis by means
of the O&M.
Average taking method
The downlink C/I ratio CI_EST(n) of a handover candidate (n) is calculated
by means of the average taking method in the following way:
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C I _ E S T (n ) =
(W 1 ( n ) * ( A V _ R X L E V _ NC E L L ( n) - A V _ R XL E V _ R E F1 ( n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 1 (n ) ) +
W 2 ( n ) * ( A V _ R X L E V _N C E L L (n ) - A V _ R XL E V _ R E F2 ( n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 2 (n ) ) +
W 3 ( n ) * ( A V _ R X L E V _N C E L L (n ) - A V _ R XL E V _ R E F3 ( n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 3 (n ) ) +
W 4 ( n ) * ( A V _ R X L E V _N C E L L (n ) - A V _ R XL E V _ R E F4 ( n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 4 (n ) ) +
W 5 ( n ) * ( A V _ R X L E V _N C E L L (n ) - A V _ R XL E V _ R E F5 ( n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 4 (n ) ) ) /
( W 1 (n ) + W 2 (n ) + W 3 (n ) + W 4 (n ) + W 5 (n ) )
AV_RXLEV_NCELL(n) is the average downlink RXLEV of the handover
candidate (n) and AV_RXLEV_Rx(n) is the average downlink RXLEV of its
reference cell x. LEV_ADJ_REFx(n) is the adjustment parameter (leveladjustment) of the reference cell and Wx(k) is the weighting coefficient
of the reference cell (parameter C/I estimation weight, set for each
reference cell).
Maximum taking method
The downlink C/I ratio CI_EST(n) of a handover candidate (n) is calculated
by means of the maximum taking method in the following way:
C I _ E S T (n ) =
M I N ( ( A V _ R X LE V _ N C EL L ( n ) - A V _ R X LE V _ R E F1 ( n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 1 (n ) )
, ( A V _ R X LE V _ N C E LL ( n ) - A V _ R X LE V _ R E F 2 (n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 2 (n ) )
, ( A V _ R X LE V _ N C E LL ( n ) - A V _ R X LE V _ R E F 3 (n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 3 (n ) )
, ( A V _ R X LE V _ N C E LL ( n ) - A V _ R X LE V _ R E F 4 (n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 4 (n ) )
, ( A V _ R X LE V _ N C E LL ( n ) - A V _ R X LE V _ R E F 5 (n ) - L E V _ A DJ _ R E F 5 (n ) ) )
The principle of this method is exactly the same as in the average taking
method except that the maximum taking method takes into account the
worst C/I ratio and the maximum interference instead of the weightedaverage.
3.3.2 C/I-based handover candidate evaluation
The C/I-based handover candidate evaluation is activated on a cell-by-cell
basis by means of the parameter C/I estimation method. When the C/
I-based handover candidate evaluation procedure is employed in theserving cell, the BSC verifies, in addition to the conventional signal
strength conditions, that the C/I ratio of specified handover candidates
meets the requirements for a good radio connection quality. The BSC
removes those handover candidates from the list of target cells whose C/I
ratio is below an acceptable level.
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The candidate cells which meet all the required radio link properties are
ranked according to priority levels. Both the load of the cells and the C/Iratio on the cells affect the order of preference of the target cells by means
of the priority levels. The crucial principle is that high-priority cells are
considered better than low-priority cells, that is, a cell is ranked higher than
another cell if it has a higher priority level.
The C/I-based handover candidate evaluation concerns only those
handover candidates which have specified reference cells. The C/I-based
handover candidate evaluation is not applied to those handover
candidates whose C/I ratio estimate CI_EST(n) is not available for some
reason or which have not specified reference cells. Instead the BSC
evaluates and ranks those handover candidates according to the
conventional criteria.
The BSC compares the C/I ratio estimation CI_EST(n) of the handover
candidate with 7 C/I bands whose limits are determined on a cell-by-cell
basis by means of the O&M (parameter lower C/I limit for band 1-
6). The comparison indicates either how much the priority level of the
handover candidate is decreased/increased when the C/I ratio of the
handover candidate is within a certain C/I band or that a handover to the
candidate cell is not allowed. Both decrease and increase in the priority
level and a handover prohibition are determined on a band-by-band basis
for each of the 7 C/I bands (parameter priority adjustment step for
band 1-7).
Decrease or increase in the priority level CI_PRIORITY_FACTOR(n) of the
handover candidate (n) depends on CI_EST(n) in the following way:
The final priority level PRIORITY(n) of the handover candidate (n) is
calculated in the following way:
CI_PRIORITY_FACTOR(n) CI_EST(n)
PriorityAdjStep for band 1 >= LowerCILimit 1
PriorityAdjStep for band 2 < LowerCILimit 1>= LowerCILimit 2
. .
. .
PriorityAdjStep for band 6 < LowerCILimit 5>= LowerCILimit 6
PriorityAdjStep for band 7 < LowerCILimit 6
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P R I O R IT Y ( n ) = H O _ P R IO R I T Y _L E V E L (n ) - H O _ L O AD _ F A C TO R ( n )
+ C I _ P R IO R I T Y _F A C T O R (n )
HO_PRIORITY_LEVEL(n)-HO_LOAD_FACTOR(n) is the priority level of
the handover candidate when the load of the cell has been considered.
If the result of the calculation is greater than the maximum priority level,
PRIORITY(n) will take the value of the maximum priority. Respectively if
the result of the calculation is lower than the minimum priority level,
PRIORITY(n) will take the value of the minimum priority.
The BSC performs intra-BSC handovers autonomously according to the
list of preferred HO candidates. If there is an inter-BSC handover to be
performed, the BSC sends the list to the MSC and the MSC performs thehandover according to the list.
For an overview, see Overview of C/I Based Handover Candidate
Evaluation.
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4 User interface of C/I Based Handover
Candidate Evaluation
Parameters control the C/I-based handover candidate evaluationprocedure in the BSC. By changing the values of the parameters it is
possible to affect both the target cell evaluation done according to radio
criteria and the order of preference of the target cells. The parameters are
stored in the BSS Radio Network Configuration Database (BSDATA). All
parameters are administered on a cell-by-cell basis by means of the O&M
by using either the local MMI in the BSC site or Nokia NetAct.
Handover control parameters
The handover control parameters are administered on a cell-by-cell basis
. C/I estimation method defines the estimation method which will
be used in the C/I evaluation procedure to calculate the downlink C/I
ratio of a handover candidate. Alternative methods are the average
taking method and the maximum taking method. The C/I-based
handover candidate evaluation is not employed in the BTS when the
value is 'not in use'.
. Lower C/I limit for band 1-6 is used for calculating the final
priority level of the handover candidate for the C/I-based handover
candidate evaluation procedure. The parameter defines 6 limits
which determine 7 C/I bands. The comparison of the C/I ratio of the
handover candidate with the limits indicates the C/I band whichcorresponds to the C/I ratio of the handover candidate.
. Priority adjustment step for band 1-7 is used for
calculating the final priority level of the handover candidate for the C/
I-based handover candidate evaluation procedure. The parameter
defines a priority adjustment step on a band-by-band basis for each
of the 7 C/I bands. A priority adjustment step indicates how much the
priority of the handover candidate is decreased/increased when the
C/I ratio of the handover candidate is within a certain C/I band.
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For more information, see Handover Control Parameter Handling MML (EH
command group).
Adjacent cell parameters
It is possible to define 5 reference cells for every adjacent cell and the
following parameters for each of the 5 reference cells.
. ReferenceCellId contains the identification of the reference cell. The
identification of the reference cell consists of cell global identification
(CGI) data comprising of mobile country code (MCC), mobile
network code (MNC), location area code (LAC) and cell identity (CI).
.
Level adjustment is the adjustment level of the reference cell.The parameter is used for calculating an interference level estimate
from the signal level of the reference cell.
. C/I estimation weight is the weighting coefficient of the
reference cell.
For more information, see Adjacent Cell Handling MML (EA command
group).
For an overview, see Overview of C/I Based Handover Candidate
Evaluation.
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