By: Mr. MarstonDominion Christian High School,

Marietta, GA

By: Mr. MarstonDominion Christian High School,

Marietta, GA

The omens of a great The omens of a great disasterdisaster

• Mexico was the forbidden fruit-the Mexico was the forbidden fruit-the expansion of slavery??expansion of slavery??

““The penalty of eating it would be to The penalty of eating it would be to subject our institutions to political subject our institutions to political death. “ John C. Calhoundeath. “ John C. Calhoun

““The United States will conquer Mexico, The United States will conquer Mexico, but it will be as the man swallows the but it will be as the man swallows the arsenic..Mexico will poison us.” John C. arsenic..Mexico will poison us.” John C. Calhoun and Ralph Waldo EmersonCalhoun and Ralph Waldo Emerson

Mexican Cession: territory acquired in Mexican Cession: territory acquired in Mexican War(1846-1848)Mexican War(1846-1848)

Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso• August 8, 1846: David Wilmot, a

Pennsylvania member of the House of Representatives proposed that the land acquired from Mexico should never have slavery in it.

• “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory.”

• Politicized the issue of slavery

Calhoun ResolutionsCalhoun Resolutions

• Response to Wilmot Proviso• Never came to a vote• Argued that since the territories were

the common possession of the states , Congress had no right to prevent any citizen from taking slaves into them

• Wilmot Proviso was unconstitutional

Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

• Proposed by Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan

• Citizens in the territories should decide upon the issue of slavery

Free Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil PartyFree Soil Party

Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!

Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men!

“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.

Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.

Opposition to the extension of slavery in the newterritories!

“Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats.

Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties.

Opposition to the extension of slavery in the newterritories!

1848 Presidential Election 1848 Presidential Election Results: won by Zachary Results: won by Zachary TaylorTaylor

GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848

GOLD!GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, At Sutter’s Mill, 18481848

John A. Sutter John A. Sutter

California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849

California Gold Rush, California Gold Rush, 18491849

49er’s49er’s

Zachary TaylorZachary Taylor

• Born in VA, reared in Kentucky• A professional soldier most of his life• Had a home in Louisiana and a

plantation in Mississippi• Southern man with northern principles• Wanted to bring in California and New

Mexico as free states

Zachary Taylor: “Old Zachary Taylor: “Old Rough and Ready”Rough and Ready”

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Personal liberty laws

Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) : Discuss

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Personal liberty laws

Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) : Discuss

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850• 1. California entered the Union as a free state:

this was what Californians had decided• 2. Texas and New Mexico Act made New Mexico

a territory and set the boundary of Texas at its present location (popular sovereignty)

• 3. Utah Act set up another territory (popular sovereignty)

• 4. A New Fugitive Slave Act put the slavery issue under federal jurisdiction and gave added weight to slave-catchers.

• 5. The Slave Trade (not slavery) was abolished in Washington D.C.

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

Fugitive Slave Act, 1850Fugitive Slave Act, 1850

• Law denied fugitives a jury trial• Federal marshals could require

citizens to help in enforcement of the law (violators could be imprisoned and fined up to $1,000.00)

• Caused anger against slavery to spread in the north

Taylor died in 1850 and Taylor died in 1850 and succeeded by vice succeeded by vice

president Millard Fillmorepresident Millard Fillmore

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Slavery was shown as callous brutality by Stowe

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Slavery was shown as callous brutality by Stowe

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

1852 Presidential 1852 Presidential ElectionElection

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

Expansion of SlaveryExpansion of Slavery

• An offer of 130 million dollars to purchase Cuba from Spain (1854)

• Ostend Manifesto: American ministers to Spain and France “threatened” Spain with the possibility of seizing Cuba

• The U.S. president disavowed it

Kansas-Nebraska CrisisKansas-Nebraska Crisis• Debate over a transcontinental

railroad took place during the 1850’s.• Senator Stephen Douglas (Illinois)

wanted Chicago to be the eastern ending point of transcontinental railroad

• To carry his bill, Douglas needed support of the south.

• Proposed popular sovereignty, which repealed the Missouri Compromise

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 (Anti-slavery, sectional, northern party)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 (Anti-slavery, sectional, northern party)

ß Northern Whigs: tariff, railroads, internal improvements.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß Northern Whigs: tariff, railroads, internal improvements.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

ß Former Northern Whigs

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

ß Former Northern Whigs

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Bleeding KansasBleeding Kansas• ““Civil War” in Kansas• Kansas border ruffians supported the first

government of Kansas• Free state supporters made application for

statehood in 1855• There were two functioning governments in

the Kansas Territory• Buchanan tried to push through pro-slavery

state government in Kansas against the will of the majority of free soilers living in the state

Conflict erupts in 1856Conflict erupts in 1856• 1. pro-slavery forces sacked

Lawrence, Kansas• 2. John Brown retaliated at

Pottawatomie Creek and hacked 5 pro-slavers to death

• 3. Kansas civil war ensued for the next 4-5 months

• 4. 200 killed and $2 million in property damage

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

The caning of Sumner

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican American

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

Dred Scott CaseDred Scott Case

• Dred Scott, a slave, was taken by his master into free territory.

• Scott sued to win his freedom and he won a jury trial, state supreme court ruled against him. Scott appealed to Supreme Court.

• Justice Taney ruled that Scott remain a slave• He lacked legal standing because he wasn’t a

citizen: Citizenship was by birth or by naturalization

What caused thePanic of 1857??

What caused thePanic of 1857??

What were itsaffects on the

nation?

What were itsaffects on the

nation?

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport Doctrine

Territory could

prohibit slavery by refusing to adopt laws

establishing and

protecting it.

Territory could

prohibit slavery by refusing to adopt laws

establishing and

protecting it.

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

Harper’s Ferry raid to Harper’s Ferry raid to incite a slave revoltincite a slave revolt

• Secret Six: clergymen and abolitionists Secret Six: clergymen and abolitionists who supported Brown’s plan to raid the who supported Brown’s plan to raid the armory at Harper’s Ferry, arm the armory at Harper’s Ferry, arm the slaves, and lead a slave insurrection.slaves, and lead a slave insurrection.

• Brown and his followers were captured Brown and his followers were captured by Federal troops led by Robert E. Leeby Federal troops led by Robert E. Lee

Hanging of John BrownHanging of John Brown

18601860PresidePreside

ntialntialElectioElectio

nn

18601860PresidePreside

ntialntialElectioElectio

nn

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-

Soilers.

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

ß Not interfere with slavery where it already existed

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

ß Not interfere with slavery where it already existed

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

Election of 1860Election of 1860• Split of Democratic PartySplit of Democratic Party• Northern Democrats: Douglas: non-Northern Democrats: Douglas: non-

interference in slavery in territoriesinterference in slavery in territories• Southern Democrats: Breckinrige: federal Southern Democrats: Breckinrige: federal

protection of slaveryprotection of slavery• Constitutional Union: John Bell: “The Constitutional Union: John Bell: “The

Constitution of the Country, the Union of the Constitution of the Country, the Union of the States, and the Enforcement of the LawsStates, and the Enforcement of the Laws

• Republican Party: Lincoln. Guaranteed victory Republican Party: Lincoln. Guaranteed victory by splitting of oppositionby splitting of opposition

Election 1860 cont.Election 1860 cont.

• Lincoln vs. Douglas in the northLincoln vs. Douglas in the north• Bell and Breckinridge in the South Bell and Breckinridge in the South

and border statesand border states

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Jefferson Davis CSA Jefferson Davis CSA President, Alexander President, Alexander

Stephens, Vice-PresidentStephens, Vice-President

First Capital, CSA, First Capital, CSA, Montgomery, AlabamaMontgomery, Alabama

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

a.Extend Missouri

Compromise Line

b.Guarantee protection of

slavery where it existed

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

a.Extend Missouri

Compromise Line

b.Guarantee protection of

slavery where it existed

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

South doesn’t allow South doesn’t allow Federal troops to be Federal troops to be resupplied at Sumterresupplied at Sumter

• In the aftermath,In the aftermath,

Lincoln called up 75,000 Federal Lincoln called up 75,000 Federal troopstroops

““Upper South” secedes: Virginia, Upper South” secedes: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, and North Carolina, Tennessee, and ArkansasArkansas