Building Foundation Notes for AL Tech by Hafeel Sir

7/27/2019 Building Foundation Notes for AL Tech by Hafeel Sir

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Building Foundation

By : Eng. A.A.Hafeel Ahamed


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fw;ww;NgW Objectives

mj;jpthuj;jpd;gFjpfisg;ngaupl;Ljy;

mtw;wpd;mtrpaj;ij tptupj;jy;

mj;jpthu tiffisAk;mtw;wpd;tpNrlq;fSk;.

gy;NtW tifahd mj;jpthuq;fspd;NtWghLfis

tupg;glq;fSk;;.


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FOUNDATION

fl;blq;fspd;Rik mJ jhq;fpapUf;Fk;epyg;gFjp

kPJ gjpAk;mikg;G mbj;jskhFk;. (mj;jpthuk;)


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION


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FOUNDATION

mj;jpthuj;ijj;jhq;Fk;epyj;jpd;

kz;

ghiwmy;yJ rpy Ntis Mw;wpy;/flypy;

mbg;gFjpahf ,Uf;fyhk;.


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FOUNDATION - requirement

fl;blj;jpd;

1. epyj;jpy;cs;Ns ,be;J tpOtijj;jtpu;g;gjw;Fk;

2. fhw;wpdhy;fl;blk;mbj;Jr;nry;tij

jtpu;g;gjw;Fk;

mbj;jsj;jpdhy;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk;gad;ghlhFk;.


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FOUNDATION - Importance

fl;blj;jpd;midj;Jr;RikAk;

khs;Rik (epiyahd ghuk;)

capu;Rik

epyj;jpd;kPJ gjpag;gLk;NghJjpuk;gy;my;yJ

cile;J Nghtjw;Fl;glhky;kz;tPq;Fjy;

RUq;Fjy; (tpupjy;> xLq;Fjy;)

ePu;ciuJYk;>

kz;rupT Nghd;w G+kpapd;NtWghLfspdhy;

fl;blj;jpy;jhq;F jd;ik> ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F

mj;jpthuj;jpdhy;vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


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Failures..


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Foundation Components

Footing


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Foundation Components

(to attach wood stud sill plate)

(to keep water off of foundation wall)

(separates slab from foundation wall)

(to keep water off of slab)

(to keep water off of slab & moisture barrier)(moves water away from building)

(moves water awayfrom building)


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FOUNDATION

fl;blj;jpd;,aw;ifj;jd;ik

tif

tprhyk;

Rik kw;Wk;

kz;zpd;jd;ik

fUj;jpw;nfhz;L gy;NtW nghUl;fisg;gad;gLj;jpmj;jpthuk;epu;khzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.


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fl;blj;jpy;mj;jpthuk;miktplk;

cjhuzkhf epy kl;lj;jpd;fPo;fl;blj;jpd;gFjpmj;jpthukhf fUj KbAk;.


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TYPES OF FOUNDATION

Major Building Parts

Superstructure

Substructure

Foundation


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Site Layout

Ensure lot lines are known & setbacks are complete

Layout building perimeter

Use batter boards

Establish building corners & building perimeter

Use surveying instruments


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Excavation

Excavate foundation along line created by batter boards

Excavate remainder of soil inside perimeter

Dont excavate inside soil if slab on grade

If deep foundation, taper edges to prevent collapse

If soil unstable, or very deep - use shoring


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Pour FootingsConstruct formwork (if required)

Install reinforcement (rebar) for footings(protrudes above footing to tie-intofoundation wall)Pour concrete footingsSmooth / finish surface


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Rules of Thumb

Footing shall be below frost line

Footing width usually 2x height

Typical size (24wide x 12tall)

Rebar is usually 3from edge of concrete

Crawl spaces should have rigid insulation

along the interior face of the foundation wall


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Type of Foundation

1. Shallow Foundation 2. Deep foundation

js mj;jpthuk; Mokhd mj;jpthuk;


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TYPES OF FOUNDATION

Two types foundations : Shallow and Deep

Depends on whether the load transfer is at

deeper depths or shallower depths

- Need for these two types (soil strength,

ground water conditions, foundation loads,construction methods and impact on adjacentproperty)


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TYPES OF FOUNDATION

Shallow foundations (column footings

without or with tie/grade beams, individualor combined wall footing, slab on grade, raft)

Deep foundations(caissons with or withoutsockets, end bearing or friction piles, pile

groups), made of concrete (regular or site-cast) or steel or wood

; p ; p ;


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mj;jpthuj;jpdhy;

vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLfpd;w gad;fs;

1. xt;nthU ,lj;jpYk;ikar;Rik Vw;gLtijj;

jLg;gjw;F Rik gfpu;e;jspf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

2. Nky;mikg;gpw;Fg;nghUj;jkhd kl;l Nkw;gug;igg;

ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;.3. fPo;kz;gil kPJ jhq;Ffpd;w Rik kz;zpw;F

jhf;Fg;gpbf;FkhW gfpu;e;jspj;jy;. (fiyj;jy;)

4. kz;zpd;gbT Nrkpj;jpUg;gjdhy;fl;blk;

rha;tjw;F my;yJ GuOtijj;jLj;jy;.5. fl;blk;epykl;lj;jpw;F fPo;f;nfhz;L

nry;tjd;%yk;jhq;Fjd;ik mjpfupj;jy;.


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Footings


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1. mj;jpthuj;jpd; J}z;2. %L nfhq;fpwpw;Wg;gil (jdp nfhq;fpwpw;W

fk;gpaw;w)

3. mj;jpthuj;jpd;Nkw;js msT (mjd;mfyk;> jbg;G

(fdk;) jPu;khdpf;Fk;fhuzpfs;)

4. mbgPlr;Rtu;/ Rtu;j;jsKfk;(Plinth Wall)

5. mj;jpthuf;fplq;if (Back fill) gpd;epug;Gjy;.

6. ePu;Gfh tup D.P.C7. tPl;Lj;jsk;epug;Gjy;


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mNdfkhfg;gad;gLj;Jk;mj;jpthuk;Kiwahtd.

vy;yhr;Rtu;fSf;Fk;fPo;gf;fkhf mikf;Fk;

NtWglhj jskhFk;.

mj;jsk;fy;> nrq;fy;> nfhq;fpwPw;Wf;fspdhy;

epu;khzpf;F KbAnkd tpsf;fTk;.

mj;jpthuj;jsj;jpd;mfyk;> jbg;G> Mok;jPu;khdpg;gjw;F;nry;thf;Fr;nrYj;Jk;fhuzpfs;


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js mj;jpthu tifAk; mit

mikf;Fk;,lq;fSk;

1. vspa mj;jpthuf;fpW/gl;b (Strip Foundation)

2. xLq;fpa mj;jpthuf;fpW/gl;b (Narrow StripFoundation)

3. mfd;w mj;jpthuf;fpW/gl;b (Wide Strip Foundation)

4. tYT+l;lg;gl;l mj;jpthuf;fpW/gl;b (R.C.C. Strip

Foundation)


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Strip Foundations


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1. vspa mj;jpthuf; fpW/gl;b

(Strip Foundation)

; p ; p ; p / ;


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xLq;fpa mj;jpthuf; fpW/gl;b

(Narrow Strip Foundation)


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Pad Foundation

tYTl;lg;gl;l mj;jthuf;


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tYT+llggll mjjthuffpW/gl;b (R.C.C. Strip Foundation)


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Strip foundations

These are use to supporta line of loads such as aload bearing wall.

They could also be usedwhere the line ofcolumn positions areso close that individualpad foundations would

be pointless.


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Raft Foundations njg;gk;

These are used tospread the load from astructure over a large

area.

This would normallybe the entire area of

the structure.


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Raft foundations

Raft foundations areoften needed on soft orloose soils which have

a low load bearingcapacity.


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Pads and pile foundations Pad foundations support

an individual point of load.

Piles are used to supportbuildings in poor soilconditions.

A basic pile foundation is aseries of stilts which rest

on a solid load bearinglayer.

Deep Foundations - Purpose


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Deep Foundations Purpose

Transfer building loads deep into the earth

Basic types Drilled (& poured)

Driven


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Pile material


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Pile material

Steel; H- piles, Steel pipe

Concrete; Site cast or PrecastWood; Timber

Composite


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Driven Piles

Precast Concrete Plies


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Precast Concrete Plies


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Pile installation using Drop Hammer


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Pile Driving Rig - temporarily support the pile that beingdriven and to support the pile hammer.


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Jacked Piles are most commonly used in underpinning structures

By excavating underneath a structure short lengths of pile can beinserted and jacked into the ground using the underside of the existingstructure as a reaction.


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Ma;Tfs;%yk;njg;gk;(Raft), ghuKid (Pile)

mj;jpthu tiffis ,dq;fz;L

mtw;wpd;tupg;glq;fis tiue;J gFjpfSf;Fg;

ngauplTk;> mj;jpthuq;fspd;

mD$yq;fisf;Nfl;L mwptjw;F khztu;fis


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D.P.C - ePu; Gfh tup


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Documents

Building Foundation Notes for AL Tech by Hafeel Sir