Building ConstructionSafety on the Job Site

Safety...• All employees of an job have an obligation to remain in a safe work environment

Safety...• All employees are obligated

to work safely!• Employees are obligated to

maintain a safe working environment!

Safety...

• The ultimate responsibility is…

• YOURS!!!

How do you maintain safety?

• follow safe work practices and procedures

• inspect safety equipment before use

• use safety equipment properly

NCCER• National Center for Construction

Education and Research

• Safety procedures were developed for the and by the construction industry

NCCER curriculum:

•Competency-based - must show that individuals can perform tasks

• vs. apprenticeship (# of hours)

Training for the job...

• You will be trained to be ready to work on the job

$$$$$$$$$$$• The construction industry

employs more jobs and pays more money than any other industry in the U.S.

Construction Industry

• People will always new homes, hospitals, schools, etc.

• Jobs easier to find than any other profession

Successful craftsperson

• able to use current trade material, tools, and equipment to produce high quality efficiency.

Successful craftsperson

• Must be able modify and adjust on the run

• must continue to train up skills

• never endangers coworkers life

Accidents...• cause by poor behavior OR poor

work conditions

• Being aware that accidents can and will occur will allow you to know how to deal with then when they occur

Possible causes of accidents:

• Failure to communicate

• poor work habits

• alcohol or drug abuse

• Lack of skill

• intentional acts

• unsafe acts

• unsafe conditions

Communication:

• Allows new workers to know how certain procedures are done

•NEVER ASSUME ANYTHING!!!

Communication Signs:• Informational (blue)

• shows general information

• NO ADMITTANCE

• NO TRESPASSING

• FOR EMPLOYEES ONLY

• Safety (green)

• general instruction about safety measures

• FIRST-AID

• EMERGENCY EYE WASH

• MSDS STATIONS

Communication Signs:• Caution -

• black/yellow

• warns against potential hazards and/or unsafe acts

• Hearing/eye protection required

• No smoking

• Danger-red/black/white

• informs that immediate hazards exist

• defective equipment

• flammable liquids / compressed gases

• safety barriers / barricades

Communication Signs:

•Safety Tags - any color

• temporary warning

•OUT OF ORDER

Poor Work Habits:• procrastination - putting things off (repair /

inspection / cleaning)• carelessness - tools don’t know the difference

between steel/wood and flesh/bone• horse playing - ABSOLUELY

UNEXCEPTABLE

Habits vs. Attitudes

• Resist taking orders, resist listening to warnings

• easily distracted, won’t concentrate on task

• no concentration lends to accidents

Your Safety...

•…is 100% related to you and your coworkers actions

Horse playing...

• …will get you fired on the job

• …will get you in MAJOR TROUBLE in shop class

Alcohol and Drug Abuse

• Not only is it dangerous to the user, it is also dangerous to everyone else on the job site.

• It is possible that insurance companies can deny you compensation, if you are found to be on drugs, etc.

Lack of Skill Training:

• Never use a tool that you have not been trained to use

Intentional Acts:

• Purposely causing an accident

• “pay back” / “getting even” because of anger

Unsafe Acts:• Change from the accepted, normal way

• may not be intentional, but still unsafe

• using tools in a way not intended

• using defective equipment

• loading / placing supplies improperly

• not putting equipment back in the correct location

Unsafe Conditions:• Condition of work environment is different from

accepted, normal condition

• congested workplace

• defective tools, equipment, or supplies

• excessive noise

• hazardous atmospheric condition (dust, fumes, vapors, etc.)

• poor cleanliness

• poor lighting

Housekeeping:• Keeping work area clean from scraps or spills• keep scraps in designated area• store materials / supplies in safe location• flammable liquids must be stored in safe location• dispose of waste often• PRIDE OF WORKMANSHIP!!!• “There’s a place for everything, and everything in its place”• TAKE PRIDE IN YOUR WORKMANSHIP!!!

OSHA• Occupational Safety and Health

Administration

• Mission

• save lives, prevent injuries, and protect the health of America’s workers

OSHA...• Employers - responsible for complying with

OSHA’s standards

• …required to identify hazards, eliminate and/or control or provide protection from those standards

• Employee - has ULTIMATE responsibility, must obey standards that are in place

Reporting injuries, Accidents, and Incidents… .

• Injury - anything requiring treatment

• Accident - anything that causes injury

• Incident - anything that could have caused injury

FATALITIES...

• #1 fatality on construction industry job sites are…

• Falling off elevated structures

Hazards on the job...• Gas leak - get up wind

• Welding - use eye protection, wear long sleeves, hat backwards, ear plugs, leather gloves, high boots (under pants)

Trenches / Excavations• Danger of cave-ins and objects falling into hole

• don’t place object on edge of area

• don’t jump over or straddle trench

• use ladder to climb out…don’t climb dirt ‘wall’

• barricade 2’ around perimeter of area

Proximity Work

• Working in the area, but not in direct contact of the work

• use barricades to prevent accidental contact

Confined Spaces• Large enough space for someone to work

but has limited means of entry or exit

• Ex. tanks, vessels, silos, storage bins, hopper, vaults, pits, and mines

• often contain hazardous gases/vapors because of lack of ventilation

• Ex. welding

Motorized Vehicles• All internal combustion engines give

off carbon monoxide (tasteless, odorless, colorless)

• This gas can kill you!!!

• Always have good ventilation

• use signaler

Motorized Vehicles

• Cranes are often used when you cannot see an area where work is being done and verbal communication is impossible...

• Therefore, visual communication is needed

• Hand signals communicate desired actions page 1-20 --> 1-21

Lockout/Tagout• Safeguards workers from hazardous energy

while they work with machines and equipment

• this prevents any miscommunication of possible sources of energy such as electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, thermal (heat), and pneumatic (air)

• the person who does lockout/tagout is the ONLY person to remove locks and tags

Barriers and Barricades

• If opening in a wall is 3’ or less and the fall would be 4’ or more, it needs protection

Barriers and Barricades• railings - across wall openings or floor

opening

• warning barricades (warning but no protection)…warning tape

• red - no one may enter

• yellow - danger exist, enter with caution

• yellow/purple - radiation

Barriers and Barricades

• Protective barriers - gives visual warning and provides protection (fence)

• blinking lights - allows identification at night

• hole covers - secured and labeled, must be strong enough to withstand twice the normal load

PPEs• Personal Protective Equipment

• protects against accidents

• regularly inspect them

• properly car for them

• use them properly

• never alter them

Hard Hats

• Protects blows to the head

• headband must have snug fit

• don’t wear backwards or tilted

Eye Protection

• Safety glasses, goggles, face shields

• inspect for cleanliness and scratches

• place in UV cabinet so they can be sterilized

Safety Harness• Protect from falls

• D-ring and lanyard

• must be snug around pelvis

• used when 6’ above ground, near opening in floor, deep hole, or protruding rebar

Gloves

• Cloth, canvas, leather, or rubber

• regularly inspect

• protect against sharp objects, rough materials, oils/chemicals, or electricity

Shoes

• Preferred type is rubber soled, steel-toed boots

• never wear sandals, flip-flops, or shoes that expose the foot

Hearing Protection• Hearing damage is painless, which

makes hearing protection extra important

• Earplugs - clean regularly

• Earmuffs - fit snuggly

• With extreme noise, wear both

Breathing Protection• respirators

Lifting heavy objects• 1/4 of the occupational injuries

occur when moving/lifting heavy materials

• use your legs… NOT your back!!!

Aerial Work

• Working off the ground

• Two ways to work in the air

• 1. Ladders

• 2. Scaffold

Ladders• Know the maximum intended load

• 4 classes:

• Type IA - 300 lbs. Extra heavy duty

• Type I - 250 lbs. Heavy duty must • Type II - 225 lbs. Medium duty

include

• Type III - 200 lbs. Light duty all tools

Ladders• Types:

• 1. Straight ladder - wood, metal, fiberglass

• use at proper angle, base 1/4 distance of height

• top 3’ higher than structure

• never use as platform

• firm on level ground

• use 3 pt. touch when climbing

Ladders• 2. Extension ladder - two straight ladders

• adjustable

• rung locks

• rope

• 3. Stepladder - straight ladder with hinge

• use only the side with steps

• lock out spreader brackets

Scaffolds• Carefully inspect every time before use

• two types: manufactured (stationary) and rolling (moveable)

• OSHA - requires tags on all scaffolding

• green / yellow / red

• must always check scaffolding on your own…don’t rely on someone else

Scaffolding• If scaffolding is

over 10’ high, OSHA requires:

• top rails

• mid-rails

• toe boards

• cross-bracing

• planking

HazCom

• Hazard Communication Standard

• allows employees to know of hazardous chemical exist

• MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet

• identifies any warnings, etc. that may exist

Fire Safety• 3 things needed for a fire:

• fuel - anything w/ oxygen increases the rate of burning

• heat - where fuel gives off vapor (very low temperatures)

• oxygen - always present with fire

Prevention

• Limit the 3 needed elements

• ventilation

• never smoke

• dispose of oily rags appropriately

• inspect fir extinguisher

• knows how to use fir extinguisher

Fire Extinguishers

• Classes of Fire:

• A - ordinary (wood/paper) - water

• B - grease/oil - carbon dioxide

• C - electrical - smother

• D - metals - powder

Electrical Safety• Electricity - flow of electrons

• uses conductors (Ag, Cu, steel, Al)

• body (especially in water) is a good conductor

• must take extra precaution when working with electricity

Electrical Current• In order for electricity to flow, a complete

circuit must be made

• Electricity will always take the path of least resistance (usually the shortest)

• If there is no where to go it will travel into the earth…called ground

• This all happens in less than a second

GFCI• Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter

• GFCI breakers detect the difference in amps between what is going in and what is going out.

• If it detects a difference, it breaks the circuit

• Found anywhere that water may be

Basic Electrical Safety

• p. 1-51• 11 rules

• If someone is getting shock, ALWAYS disconnect the circuit first…it may save their life!