Asharp drop in global crude oil prices in 2015 hadan adverse effect on the economy of Brunei.Although the country continued to diversify its

economy, it still depended heavily on oil and natural gasexports, and a budget deficit was forecast for the year. Thegovernment, however, had vast cash reserves from manyyears of surpluses with which to balance the budget.Stricter observance of Islamic law (Shari(ah, or Syariah inMalay) was introduced beginning in late 2014, whichincluded a ban on the public display of non-Islamic reli-gious festivals and other activities, such as Christmas.

Vital statisticsBirth rate per 1,000 pop-ulation (2013): 16.4(world avg. 19.5).

Death rate per 1,000population (2013): 3.4(world avg. 8.1).

Natural increase rate per1,000 population(2013): 13.0 (world avg.11.4).

Life expectancy at birth(2012): male 76.5 years;female 80.3 years.

DemographyPopulation (2015): 419,000.Density (2015): persons per sq mi188.2, persons per sq km 72.7.

Sex distribution (2013): male51.77%; female 48.23%.

Population projection: (2020)444,000; (2030) 488,000.

Major cities (2009): Bandar SeriBegawan (urbanagglomeration; 2011)210,901; Kuala Belait27,700; Seria 27,600; Tutong 21,000.

Urban-rural (2014):

Brunei

Official name: Negara BruneiDarussalam (State of BruneiDarussalam).

Form of government: monarchy (sul-tanate) with one advisory body(Legislative Council [33]1).

Head of state and government: Sultanand Prime Minister Sir Haji HassanalBolkiah Mu(izzaddin Waddaulah.

Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan.Official language: Malay2.Official religion: Islam.Monetary unit: Brunei dollar (B$)3; val-

uation (Sept. 1, 2015) 1 U.S.$ = B$1.41;1 £ = B$2.16.

Ethnic composition (2013):

Age breakdown (2010):

Religious affiliation (2011):

Area and population area population

2013Districts Capitals sq mi sq km estimate

Belait Kuala Belait 1,052 2,724 62,500Brunei and Muara Bandar Seri Begawan 220 571 290,500Temburong Bangar 504 1,304 8,900Tutong Tutong 450 1,166 44,300TOTAL 2,226 5,765 406,200

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National economyBudget (2009–10). Revenue: B$6,393,000,000 (tax revenue 58.5%, of

which taxes on petroleum and natural gas companies52.0%, other corporate taxes 3.9%; nontax revenue41.5%, of which dividends paid by petroleum companies24.0%, petroleum and natural gas royalties 11.4%).Expenditures: B$6,639,000,000 (current expenditure70.6%; capital expenditure 29.4%).

Production (metric tons except as noted). Agriculture,forestry, fishing (2013): cassava 3,000, cucumbers andgherkins 2,167, rice 1,850, pineapples 1,170, bananas 891,pumpkins, squash, and gourds 627, spinach 625, okra436, oranges 435, chilies and peppers 378, eggplants 363,sweet potatoes 270, coconuts 260, natural rubber 243;livestock (number of live animals) 6,950 goats, 4,000sheep, 2,350 buffalo, 19,000,000 chickens; roundwood

118,961 cu m, of which fuelwood 10%; fisheries production (2012)4,488 (from aquaculture 12%). Mining and quarrying: other thanpetroleum and natural gas, none except sand and gravel for construc-tion. Manufacturing (value added in B$’000,000; 2008): liquefied nat-ural gas 2,628; textiles and wearing apparel 103; other manufactures65. Energy production (consumption): electricity (kW-hr; 2013)3,980,000,000 ([2011] 3,725,000,000), by source (2012): fossil fuels99.9%; renewable energy 0.1%, of which hydroelectric 0.1%; coal,none (none); crude petroleum (barrels; 2014–15) 39,100,000 ([2012]3,450,000); petroleum products (metric tons; 2011) 625,000 (597,000);natural gas (cu m; 2014–15) 11,214,000,000 ([2012] 2,300,000,000).

Gross national income (GNI; 2012): U.S.$15,133,000,000 (U.S.$36,710per capita); purchasing power parity GNI (U.S.$71,020).

Population economically active (2011): total 185,9007; participationrates: ages 15–64, male, n.a.; female 40.9%; unemployed (2014) 2.7%,of which youth (ages 15–24), n.a.

Public debt (external, outstanding; 2013): none.Average household size (2002): 5.6.Land use as % of total land area (2009): in temporary crops or left fal-low (2007) 0.6%, in permanent crops 0.9%, in pasture 0.6%, forestarea 72.4%.

MilitaryTotal active duty personnel (November 2014):

7,000 (army 70.0%, navy 14.3%, air force15.7%). British troops (November 2014)550; Singaporean troops (2008) 500.Military expenditure as percentage of GDP(2014): 3.3%; per capita expenditureU.S.$1,389.

Foreign trade6

Imports (2012): U.S.$4,461,900,000 (machinery andapparatus 29.0%, manufactured goods 22.4%, foodand food products 12.3%, chemicals and chemicalproducts 6.8%). Major import sources:

Exports (2012): U.S.$16,220,700,000 (crude petrole-um 48.2%, liquefied natural gas 47.5%, reexports2.3%, methanol 1.9%). Major export destinations:

Transport and communicationsTransport. Railroads (2004)8: length 19km. Roads (2010): total length 1,882 mi,3,029 km (paved 80%).Vehicles (20129): passengercars 132,756; trucks and buses11,442.

Education and healthLiteracy (2015): percentage of total populationage 15 and over literate 96.0%; males literate97.5%; females literate 94.5%.

Health (2012): physicians 576 (1 per 694 per-sons); hospital beds 1,120 (1 per 357 persons);infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births(2010) 6.1; undernourished population(2006–08) less than 5% of total populationbased on the consumption of a minimum dailyrequirement of 1,890 calories.

1Legislative Council (suspended from 1984) reinstated September 2004 and enlarged September 2005and June 2011; all seats are nonelected. 2All official documents that must be published by law in Malayare also required to be issued in an official English version. 3Pegged to the Singapore dollar at a ratioof 1:1. 4In 2008, included the manufacture of liquefied natural gas (B$2,628,000,000; 12.9% of totalvalue). 5Unemployed. 6Imports c.i.f.; exports f.o.b. 7Foreign workers accounted for 70% of the 160,500economically active in 2004. 8Privately owned light railway. 9January 1. 10Subscribers.

Internet resources for further information:• Asian Development Bank www.adb.org• Department of Economic Planning and Development

www.depd.gov.bn/statistic_data.html

Structure of gross domestic product and labour force2013 2001

in value % of total labour % of labourB$’000,000 value force force

Agriculture, forestry, fishing 146.3 0.7 1,994 1.3Petroleum, natural gas 10,433.5 51.8 3,954 2.5Mining and quarrying … …Manufacturing4 2,489.3 12.4 12,455 7.9Construction 690.2 3.4 12,301 7.8Public utilities 142.7 0.7 2,639 1.7Transportation and

communications 727.4 3.6 4,803 3.0Trade, hotels 743.5 3.7 20,038 12.7Finance, real estate 1,098.8 5.5 8,190 5.2Pub. admin., defense 2,528.8 12.5 79,880 50.7Services 1,157.2 5.7Other — — 11,3405 7.25

TOTAL 20,157.7 100.0 157,594 100.0

}

}

Communications units unitsnumber per 1,000 number per 1,000

Medium date in ’000s persons Medium date in ’000s persons

TelephonesCellular 2014 46610 1,10110

Landline 2014 48 114

Internet users 2009 319 798Broadband 2014 3010 7210

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