Brochures Vacuumsystems

Croll-Reynolds is the leading source forinnovative, high-performance vacuumsystems for all segments of the ProcessIndustries. State-of-the-art design,production and test facilities create anenvironment for the manufacture ofconsistently superior systems andcomponents.

Applications include crystallization,deaeration, drying and cooling of liquidsand solids, high vacuum distillation,metallurgy, vegetable oil refining, and theprocessing of essential oils, foodproducts, flavorings, fertilizers, and abroad range of chemical products.

A Century of InnovationCroll-Reynolds’ reputation for thehighest quality is an outgrowth of itsyears of service to the ProcessIndustries. Since 1917 when it becamethe preeminent supplier of custom-designed vacuum systems in the world,Croll-Reynolds has engaged in anintensive program of research anddevelopment. Croll-Reynolds’ designengineers and support professionalshave achieved an unparalleled depth ofexperience and continue to set bench-marks for the industry.

For further information, visit www.croll.com

Serving all segments of the Process Industries

THE LEADER IN VACUUM SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY

CHEMICAL PETROCHEMICAL PHARMACEUTICAL FOOD PAPER AEROSPACE

Ejectors Single-nozzle and multiple-nozzle designs for operation with steam, liquid, gas or vapor motives. • • • • • •

Rotajectors® Combined Ejectors/Condenser/Liquid Ring Pumps for generating high vacuum with low pressure steam. • • • • •

Chill-Vactors® High efficiency, high volume vacuum flash cooling systems for quick chilling of liquids and bulk materials • • • • •without the need for compressors or refrigerants.

Thermo- Single-nozzle, multiple-nozzle and spindle-operated compressors Ejectors used to recompress, and reclaim spent • • • • •

steam, and process fluids.

Core-Chillers® High efficiency vacuum cooling systems for the food industry. •

Wet Scrubbers Jet Venturi / Packed Towers / High Energy • • • • • •

CROLL-REYNOLDSV A C U U M S Y S T E M S

Steam Jet Ejector OperationSteam jet ejectors offer a reliable andeconomical means for producingvacuum.The primary advantages of thesteam jet ejector are its low initial cost,lack of moving parts, and simplicity ofoperation.

The conventional steam jet ejectorhas four basic parts; the steam chest, thenozzle(s), the mixing chamber and thediffuser.The adjacent diagram illustratesbasic ejector operation: a high pressuremotivating fluid enters at 1 and expandsthrough the converging-diverging nozzleto 2; suction fluid enters at 3 and mixeswith the motivating fluid in the mixingchamber 4; both are then recompressedthrough the diffuser to 5.

Croll-Reynolds’ exclusive ejectordesign, represents nearly a century ofinnovation.

Ejector ConstructionThe simplicity of the Croll-ReynoldsEjector design permits fabrication fromany workable or weldable material suchas: cast iron, carbon steel, stainless steel,Monel,Teflon, Hastelloy, Ni-Resist, Haveg,graphite-lined and rubber-lined carbonsteel, titanium and fiberglass reinforcedplastic (FRP).

Multiple-Stage EjectorsSingle-stage Ejectors are used to createvacuum ranging from atmosphere to 3”Hg absolute. Higher vacuum, rangingfrom 3” Hg absolute to 3 microns Hgabsolute, may be achieved by multiplestaging. Multiple-staged systems ofteninclude surface or direct contact typecondensers. Intercondensers reducemotive steam requirements and, undercertain conditions, permit recovery ofproduct condensate.

Croll-Reynolds’ multiple-stagedsystems are custom-engineered foroptimum performance and minimumutility consumption.They are designedto handle a variety of process gasesincluding air, water, HCl, butane, SO2,ethylene glycol, and many other organicand inorganic vapors.Where conditionswarrant, corrosion-resistant materials ofconstruction are utilized.

While most Ejectors are steammotivated, other fluids can be used. Forexample, to maintain the purity of aproduct, a process compatible fluid canserve as the motive fluid.

Croll-Reynolds supplies completepackaged, turnkey systems which includeEjectors, Condensers, InterconnectingPiping, Instrumentation, and ElectronicControls.


Motive Fluid

Nozzle Mixing Venturi Throat

SuctionMotivating Fluid

Velo

citi

es

Pr

essu

res

Motivating FluidSuction FluidMixture

1

3

3

3

4

4

4

1 5

5

5

2

2

2

BASIC EJECTOR OPERATIONA high pressure motivating fluid enters at 1 andexpands through the converging-diverging nozzle to2; the suction fluid enters at 3 and mixes with themotivating fluid in the mixing chamber 4; both arethen recompressed through the diffuser to 5.

MULTIPLE NOZZLE EJECTORCroll-Reynolds Multiple-Nozzle Ejectors areunique in both design and performance. In mostcases, they offer steam savings of 10% to 20%when compared with single-nozzle units designedfor the same conditions.

SINGLE-NOZZLE EJECTORSingle-Nozzle Ejectors are used for either critical ornon-critical flow, but usually for only one set ofdesign conditions.

SPINDLE-OPERATED EJECTORSpindle-Operated Ejectors are indicated whereversuction or discharge pressures vary. Duringoperation, a pneumatically-driven tapered spindlemoves in and out of the nozzle orifice to controlmotive fluid flow.FIVE STAGE SYSTEM

Multiple-staged systems often include surface or direct contact type condensers. Croll-Reynolds’ multiple-staged systems are custom-engineered for optimum performance and minimum utility consumption.

EJECTORS


• Reliable high vacuum system• Designed for use with low pressure

steam• Reduced steam consumption• Designed for low elevation installation• Low purchase and operation costs• Custom-designed for each application

Rising energy costs have created anincreased demand for process vacuumsystems which operate at the lowestpossible cost.To answer this need, Croll-Reynolds pioneered the research anddevelopment of the Rotajector, acombined Ejector/Condenser/LiquidRing Pump high vacuum system.

OperationIn a typical rotajector, such as the four-stage configuration shown above,process gases or vapors are drawn intothe suction port of the first stageEjector and compressed by subsequentstages.The condenser cools the gasesand condenses the vapors, thusreducing the load to the liquid ringvacuum pump, which serves as the finalcompression stage.The pump alsohandles condensate, eliminating theneed for a condensate removal pump.

ConfigurationsCroll-Reynolds Rotajector systems aremanufactured in up to six-stage configu-rations and in a wide range of capaci-ties. Design and configuration flexibilitymakes the Rotajector a highly versatilevacuum system, readily adapted to avariety of process applications.

Chemical IndustryHigh efficiency Rotajector systems,designed for operation with lowpressure steam, are used for processapplications including distillation, evacua-tion, drying, crystallization, evaporationand cooling.

Pharmaceutical IndustryVacuum drying at a relatively lowtemperature is critical in many pharma-ceutical applications where heat-sensitive compounds could bedestroyed by alternative dryingmethods.

Food IndustryThe high vacuum created by aRotajector results in flash evaporativecooling of food products – thuspreserving flavor, color and freshnesswithout the need for preservatives orflavor enhancing additives. For chillingjust-cooked foods, Rotajectors offer theadvantage of using the same lowpressure steam source that is used forcooking.


CondenserWater Inlet

Liquid-ringvacuumpump

Ejector

Motor

Condensate

Condenser

Steam Steam

Outlet Non-condensible vaporsto atmosphere

FOUR-STAGE ROTAJECTOR SYSTEMRotajectors, such as the four-stage systemshown here, operate at the same capacitiesand suction pressures as conventionalejector systems, but with reduced steamconsumption.

ROTAJECTOR®


In this low-maintenance system, the only moving part is the impeller of the liquid-ring vacuum pump. And,no special vacuum oils, lubricants or special cooling systems are needed.

• Highly reliable chilling systems• Deaerate liquids as they are chilled• Custom-designed• Eliminate hazardous and corrosive

refrigerants• Designed for outdoor installation• Require no operating supervision• Virtually maintenance free

Chill-Vactors are used where large flowrates of cool water are continuouslyrequired, such as in the paper and phar-maceutical industries.

The Croll-Reynolds Chill-Vactor is ahighly reliable vacuum flash coolingsystem with applications in waterchilling, food processing and a variety ofindustrial uses. Chill-Vactors installed aslong as forty years ago are still inoperation.

Automatic controllers can be addedto enhance Chill-Vactor efficiency byreducing energy used during off-peakdemand periods. For example, a ratiocontroller will provide up to 40% insteam savings by throttling motive steampressure when condensing watertemperature is below design specifica-tions.

Paper IndustryChill-Vactors are used for chilling anddeaerating water to absorb the chlorinedioxide used in paper bleaching opera-tions. Due to the greater solubility ofchlorine dioxide in cold deaeratedwater, the bleaching agent is more effi-ciently absorbed.

Pharmaceutical IndustryChill-Vactors produce the high volumeof chilled water required to manufac-ture organic acids, vitamins, antibioticsand synthetic medicines.

Food IndustryCroll-Reynolds vacuum cooling systemsare manufactured for applications whichrequire batch or continuous cooling.They are widely used for chilling foodssuch as: leafy vegetables – lettuce,cabbage – cut, diced or mashedpotatoes, sauces, small fruits,mushrooms, grains, meat, fowl parts, fishand shrimp.

Other ApplicationsAdditional Chill-Vactor applicationsinclude the cooling of sod, tobacco,sand, gravel and other granularmaterials.


EvactorAir Pump

BarometricCondenser

Second StageEvactorBooster

First stageEvactorBooster

ChillTank

WaterInlet

Cond.WaterInlet

Chilled WaterDischarge

Steam Supply

SteamSupply

Hotwell

LevelController

Dis

char

ge t

o H

otw

ell

A series of Ejectors reduce pressure in the chilltank resulting in the flash evaporation of theincoming water. The latent heat of vaporizationrequired in this phase change is supplied byliquid resulting in a lower liquid temperature.Each stage of the system achieves successivelylower liquid temperatures.

CASE STUDY

Chill-Vactor Provides Reliable,Around the-Clock Service for Paper Mill.A paper mill needed to double itschilled water production to supportan expanded chlorine dioxide plant. Aconstant source of chilled, deaeratedwater was imperative for chlorinedioxide absorption. Mechanical refrig-eration was considered, but the Croll-Reynolds Chill-Vactor proved to besuperior.

The new unit had to cool 600 gpmof water from 85°F to 45°F, or theequivalent of 1000 tons of refrigerant.The unit was to work with another,smaller Chill-Vactor installed 10 yearsearlier that was still providing trouble-free operation.The new “maintenance-friendly” unit is equipped with remote-operating controls, and the closed-loop system uses steam efficiently forlower utility costs.The Chill-Vactoreasily meets all of the mill’s chilledwater requirements.

CHILL-VACTOR®


• Reclaim waste steam• Reduce steam/water consumption• Custom-designed• Single-nozzle, multiple-nozzle and

spindle-operated configurations

In theory, a Thermocompressor and anEjector are identical.The difference liesonly in the application. Ejectors are usedto produce a vacuum. A Thermo-compressor is used to entrain andcompress a low pressure fluid to anintermediate reusable pressure/temper-ature.The resultant recompressed fluidcan then be used for another processand its heat value, which mightotherwise have been wasted, reclaimed.

Croll-Reynolds Thermocompressorsare available in single-nozzle, multiple-nozzle and spindle-operated configura-tions.They are used throughout theProcess Industries.

Thermocompressor OperationDuring operation, the mixture of motivesteam and entrained fluid is recom-pressed through the diffuser, whichconverts velocity energy to pressureenergy.The recompressed vapor can bereclaimed for return to the process.

Paper IndustryThermocompressors compensate forchanges in the temperature anddischarge pressures of steam dryerswhile reclaiming waste steam.

Pharmaceutical IndustryHeat-sensitive chemicals are usuallyvacuum dried at relatively low tempera-tures.Thermocompressors operate effi-ciently at these temperatures andtherefore provide an excellent meansfor reclaiming waste steam.

Food IndustryTomato paste and other food concen-trates, as well as dairy products, areproduced in evaporators and dryers.Thermocompressors recover thevapors removed from food productsduring the concentration process.

Chemical Processing andPetrochemical IndustriesDryers, stills, strippers and deodorizersusually discharge water vapor at rela-tively low pressures.Thermocompres-sors reclaim this vapor


In the Petrochemical and Chemical Process Industries, Croll-Reynolds’ Thermocompressors recycle wastesteam and reduce energy consumption by 30% or more.

This triple-effect, falling-film, dairy products evap-orator produces as much as 150,000 gallons ofcondensed milk per hour. A thermocompressorbetween the first and second effects reduces steamconsumption. As a result, the evaporator uses lesswater and requires less heat transfer area.

Multiple-nozzle assembly viewed through thesuction connection.

THERMOCOMPRESSORS


For over 40 years Croll-Reynolds hasprovided solutions to those faced withthe challenge of efficient resourceutilization and the responsibility formeeting stringent emission standards.Current and proposed regulations callfor swift compliance, while the recoveryand reuse of valuable process vapor hasbecome standard operating procedurethroughout the world.

Regardless of the air pollutant orindustrial source, Croll-Reynolds has theengineering know-how and applicationexperience to design and manufacture asystem to meet the most demandingperformance requirements.

System DesignCroll-Reynolds offers a full range of airpollution control technologies. Ourengineers are prepared to analyze yourrequirements and engineer a solutionfor virtually any application. From asingle-stage, stand alone unit to anautomated, multi-stage system completewith state-of-the-art instrumentationand programmable logic controllers,Croll-Reynolds’ team of chemical,mechanical and electrical engineers willwork together to meet your perform-ance needs.

We specialize in the design of HighEnergy Venturi Scrubbers, Jet VenturiScrubbers and Packed Towers. Croll-Reynolds’ strength lies in its ability tointegrate these products into a solutiontailored to meet the most exactingrequirements.

Solving Problems OthersWon’t TouchYears of research and innovative engi-neering experience have earned Croll-Reynolds a reputation for resolving themost difficult challenges.We havehandled a wide variety of toxic,hazardous, common, and uncommongases, including:HCl, HF, HBr, H2S, SO2, NH3, Cl2,Alcohols, Silicon Dioxide, Silicon,Tetrachloride, Fine Oil Mist, Boron,Trifluoride, Organic Anhydrides, SulfuricAcid Mist, Lime Dust, Phosgene,Ethylene Oxidel Propylene, Oxide,VOC’s... to name a few!.

Specialized ApplicationsEtO/PO ScrubbersEthylene Oxide gas (EtO) is used toreduce or render inactive microbialpopulations in sterilization processes.Propylene Oxide (PO) and EthyleneOxide are also utilized as precursors inthe production of a number of criticalchemicals.

Croll-Reynolds’ proprietary EtO/POscrubbing systems utilize absorption andhydrolysis of these oxides to glycols toeffectively treat EtO and PO contami-nated gases. Efficiencies greater than99.99% can be guaranteed. Fullyautomated systems are available.

NOx ScrubbersConventional scrubbers are limited tolow NOx removal efficiencies due tothe nature of the aqueous absorptionchemistry involved. Croll-Reynolds’patented “Surface Active” media effec-tively overcomes those limitations –without the need for exotic orexpensive chemicals or a costly andcomplex operational scheme.

This technology is particularly wellsuited for applications where theinfamous “orange” plume is producedby high levels of NO2.


The California site of the TRW Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) laser project is one of the worldís largestvacuum and air pollution control installations. Ejectors manufactured by Croll-Reynolds simulate theatmosphere of space for the testing of a hydrogen/fluorine laser. Gases produced during laser generationare removed by a Croll-Reynolds custom-designed Packed Tower Scrubber.

AIR POLLUTION CONTROL: MEETING THE CHALLENGE


The Croll-Reynolds Jet-Venturi FumeScrubber is one of the most economicalanswers to the growing problem of airpollution. It is an efficient means forminimizing smoke and undesirableodors, cleaning and purifying air andother gases as well as reclaimingvaluable product which may beexhausting to atmosphere. It can also beused as a concentrator by having themotivating fluid adsorb the fume forrecirculation until a desired concentra-tion is reached. And the FumeScrubber can do all this with aminimum of maintenance sincethere are no moving parts andbecause it operates at lowvelocities.

Jet Venturi ScrubberThe Jet Venturi Scrubber utilizes a liquidmotivated ejector design to entraincontaminated gases, generally withoutthe need for a blower.The relativelyhigh liquid-to-gas ratio, liquid atomiza-tion, and open internal design provideeffective scrubbing of heavily contami-nated gases with minimal maintenanceand virtually unlimited turndown capa-

bilities.Its ability to handle

wide ranging condi-tions makes the JetVenturi one of themost flexible designsavailable. It is often

used as a first stage ina multi-stage air pollution

control system.


Injector typespray nozzle

Contaminatedgas in

Impactseparator

Venturi throat

Scrubbing liquid in

liquidreservoir

Scrubbingliquid out

Clean gas out

JET VENTURI SCRUBBERMotivating fluid exits the nozzle in a hollow conespray pattern, creating a draft. Contact betweenthe scrubbing liquid and the gas results in highgas mass transfer and/or particulate capture.This mixture discharges into a Croll-Reynoldsdesigned separator.

WET SCRUBBERS


Packed Tower ScrubberThe Croll-Reynolds Packed TowerScrubber utilizes a vertical counter-current design for highly efficientabsorption of a variety of toxic gases. Inaddition to its extensive use in airpollution control, the Packed Tower canserve as a gas/liquid contactor in anumber of process applications.Efficiencies of 99.99% and greater arenot unusual for many scrubbing applica-tions.

During operation, gas flows upwardthrough a packed bed while scrubbingliquid flows down (by gravity) over thepacking material.The counter-flowdesign principle offers optimal masstransfer. Croll-Reynolds supplies crossflow and co-current flow Packed Towerdesigns as well.

High Energy Venturi ScrubberThe High Energy Venturi Scrubber isideally suited to the capture of smallparticles less than 3 microns in size. It iseffective as well in the submicron rangeand requires little or no maintenance.

For applications where variations ingas flow require throat gas velocitycompensation to maintain specifiedscrubbing efficiencies, Croll-Reynoldsoffers automatic and manually variablethroat designs.The automatic throat isused where flow conditions vary widelyand frequent adjustments are required.When occasional variations occur, amanually-controlled throat is available.


CASE STUDY

Systems Work Together for HClRemoval and RecoveryA specialty chemical manufacturerwas looking for a way to remove HClfrom its off-gas before it wasdischarged to the atmosphere.

Croll-Reynolds designed and manu-factured a system which uses two JetVenturi Fume Scrubbers in series,followed by two Packed Towers inseries. Intimate mixing of the gasstream and scrubbing liquid allows theJet Venturi Scrubbers to remove 98%of the HCl and the Packed Towers toremove the remainder. The Jet VenturiScrubbers collect 98% of the HClwhile creating a marketable aqueousHCl solution. The Packed Towersrecirculate the diluted NaOHsolution, and “polish” the gas streamto meet low HCl discharge limits.

The units have proved to bevirtually maintenance free, with finalemissions concentrations of approxi-mately 2 PPM. Liquid waste produc-tion is minimal and the recovery ofmarketable HCl has offset the cost ofthe system.

Misteliminator

Liquid distributor

Contaminatedgas in

Packed bed

Scrubbingliquid in

Clean gas out

liquidreservoir

Scrubbingliquid out

"Polishing"misteliminator

Cyclonicmist/gasseparation

Scrubbingliquid in

Venturithroat

Wettedelbow

Clean gas out

Contaminatedgas in

liquidreservoir

Scrubbingliquid out

PACKED TOWER SCRUBBERUtilizing the most modern packing designs toprovide contact between gas and liquid streams,the Packed Tower Scrubber achieves theextremely low toxic gas discharge limits requiredto meet emission standards.

HIGH ENERGY VENTURI SCRUBBEREnergy from a high-velocity, dust laden gasstream is used to atomize a liquid stream.Cyclonic gas flow in the separator drives the dustladen liquid to the outside wall. The liquid iscollected and returned to the sump.


Innovative EngineeringCroll-Reynolds’ commitment to itscustomers begins with a thorough eval-uation of such factors as applicationsfeasibility, operational efficiency, perform-ance requirements and cost effective-ness.The success of any installation isvirtually assured before it goes on-line.

Sophisticated Computer AidedDesign and Finite Element Analysisprograms permit Croll-Reynoldsengineers to share informationthroughout the design process. Carefulattention to detail during all phases ofdesign and test results in products thatconsistently exceed customer expectations.

Life-Cycle Product SupportCroll-Reynolds stands behind everyinstallation from design throughoperation. As part of its commitment tocustomer support, life-cycle records aremaintained on every vacuum system.Records include: system and componentspecifications, detailed lists of parts andconstruction materials, and performancedata.

Whenever upgrade components orreplacement parts are required, they aresupplied to the specifications of theoriginal equipment – with the addedbenefits of enhancements in technology,design, materials and production techniques.

Operational and ApplicationSupportCroll-Reynolds engineers are alwaysavailable to assist with application andtechnical matters as well as with systemoperation. Croll-Reynolds field represen-tatives are trained in the technical andoperational aspects of our products.

Quality Manufacturing/QualityControlManufacturing and test facilities in theUnited States, as well as in the Far East,include a wide range of state-of-the-artautomated machine tools. Shop andsupervisory personnel, many withmore than 35 years of experienceat Croll-Reynolds, take pride ina total team effort. Everyproject is monitored by qualitycontrol professionals.

All equipment isdesigned and manufac-tured to meet or exceedindustry standards and all appli-cable codes (HEI,TEMA, RTP-1, ASME).

Croll-Reynolds Research andTest CentersCroll-Reynolds Research and TestCenters provide a real-world environ-ment for the pilot development ofcustom systems and new productconcepts.

Multiple steam generation facilitiesoffer the flexibility and capacity requiredto test systems and components priorto shipment.


ENGINEERING: QUALITY, PERFORMANCE AND RESPONSIVENESS TO OUR CUSTOMERS’ NEEDS



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Brochures Vacuumsystems