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• Bring cases before truly independent judge

• NO troops quartered in their homes

• Trade without burdensome restrictions

• NO taxes unless represented

• No confidence in English Constitution

• “Natural Rights”•John Dickinson – “are born with us; exist with us: and cannot be taken away from us by Human Power.”

•Life, Liberty, property

•“radical change in principles, opinions, sentiments, and affections of the people”

•Consent of the Governed

• 1781• Created a constitution

that governed America during the Revolutionary War

• Weak Central Government called Congress

• John Hancock never showed up to be president

•Philadelphia 1787•Revise the Articles•Objective

–Protect life, liberty, and property

•Studied the Pennsylvania constitution

•Studied the Massachusetts constitution

•Thomas Jefferson: “a little rebellion now and then is a good thing.”

•“The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants

•English Philosopher•Without government the strong can use their liberty to deprive the weak of theirs

•Consent of the Governed

•Electoral College•Judicial Review –

Supreme Court to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional

• Proposed–2/3 vote of both houses of congress

–National convention called by congress at request of 2/3 of the states

•Ratify–Three-fourths of the state legislatures approve it

–Ratifying conventions in three-fourths of the states approve it

–Chart page 42

•Political authority divided between a national and state government

•Enumerated Powers: National Gov Exclusively

•Reserved Powers: State Gov Exclusively

•Concurrent Powers: Shared by both

•Favored ratification of the Constitution

•Favored powerful federal government

•Bill of Rights were not needed

•Opposed ratification of Constitution

•Want a Weak federal government

•Wanted Bill of Rights

•Southern States–Wanted slaves counted as population to determine number of people in the House of Rep’s

–Opposed counting slaves for the purpose of determining taxation

• Northern States– Opposed counting slaves

as population to determine representation in the House of Rep’s

– Favored counting slaves for the purpose of determining taxation

• 3/5 of slaves counted as population in determining representation to the House of Representatives

• 3/5 of slaves would be counted for the purpose of determining taxation