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7/29/2019 "breakfast for our brain"
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Chapter I
Introduction
1.1 Background of The StudyA healthy and balance eating patterns can support a person's health
optimally, because the nutrients in these foods can increase endurance that
avoids us from various diseases. According to various studies, the frequency
of good eating is three times a day, because it is impossible that a person's
nutritional needs will be met by one or two meals only.
But along the times, there was a change in the pattern of life in
society. Demands to use the time as closely as possible make many of them
ignore their nutritional needs. They no longer pay attention to their eating
pattern. And the common thing that happen in the society, nowadays, is
forgotten his morning meal (breakfast).
Many reasons why breakfast is often left out are stay up too late, do
not like having breakfast, avoid obesity, no time to wait for a breakfast dish,
etc. While in fact breakfast provides many benefits for our bodies,
especially in health.
But recently a lot of people state that the breakfast is also able to
affect the performance of the human brain. This paper is made to find out
whether it is right that breakfast can affect the performance of the human
brain and its influence.
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1.2 Research QuestionThis paper outlined several problems, such as :
a. What is the relation between breakfast and human brains activity ? b. How can breakfast influence brains activity ?c. What is the influence of having breakfast onbrains activity ?
1.3 The Purpose of The StudyThe purpose of writing this paper are :
a. To inform a relation between breakfast and brains activity.b. To explain about how breakfast can affect brains activity.c. To tell readers about the influence of breakfast onbrains activity.
1.4 MethodologyIn making this paper, author use the literature and observation method. It is
means that author find out an information about the problem of this paper
from several literature book, from internet media and also by doing an
observation.
1.5 BenefitsThis paper is also have some benefits such as :
a. To increase readers knowledge about breakfast and its influence to ourbrain.
b. To become the background or reference of next complicated research.
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c. To make readers give more attention about having breakfast.
1.6 The Paper OrganizationThe organization of this paper is as follow:
Approval Page
Abstract
Preface
Acknowledge
Table of Content
Chapter I Introduction
Describing the background, purpose, benefit, problem statement, writing
method and paper organization.
Chapter II Literature Review
Contain the theoretical study about the problem in this paper
Chapter III Methodology
Describe the methodology that author uses in making this paper
Chapter IV Findings and Discussion
Contain the research result and the explanation about the problem in this
paper
Chapter V Conclusion and Recommendations
Contain the summary of this paper and recommendation for readers.
Bibliography
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Chapter II
Literature Review
2.1BreakfastBreakfast is the first meal taken after rising from a nights sleep, most
often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work. Among
English speakers, "breakfast" can be used to refer to this meal, or, less
commonly, to refer to a meal composed of traditional breakfast foods (eggs,
oatmeal, sausages, etc.) served at any time of day.
Breakfast foods vary widely from place to place, but often include a
carbohydrate such as grains or cereals, fruit and/or vegetable, a protein food
such as eggs,meat or fish, and a beverage such as tea, coffee or fruit juice.
Coffee, tea, juice, breakfast cereals, pancakes, sausages, bacon,sweet breads,
fresh fruit, vegetables, eggs, mushrooms, black pudding, baked beans,
muffins, crumpets and toast with butter or margarine and/or jam or marmalade
are common examples of breakfast foods, though a large range of preparations
and ingredients are associated with breakfast globally.
Nutritional experts have referred to breakfast as the most important meal
of the day, citing studies that find that people who skip breakfast are
disproportionately likely to have problems with concentration, metabolism,
and weight.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_grainhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_%28nutrient%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_juicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sweet_breadshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_beanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crumpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmaladehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmaladehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crumpethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muffinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_beanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetablehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Sweet_breadshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancakehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_juicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_%28nutrient%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_grain7/29/2019 "breakfast for our brain"
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2.1.1 The Origin of Breakfast TermBreakfast has commonly been practiced worldwide and is a
concept easily transferred between cultures, but there have been many
regional interpretations over the years. In Medieval Europe, for
instance, the basic format of meals differed from what is currently
'standard', in that only two meals were to be had, a heavy dinner at
noon and a light supper, largely due to the influence of the Church.
However, exceptions existed, most notably for children and the
infirm, whom were "allowed" a small breakfast meal. And many labor,
farmers, and other physical workers also took the meal despite
criticism and social pressure on them not to and by the 15th century
even the nobility had begun to ignore the rules and mores of polite
society and took breakfast.
The earliestappearance in print of the idea that "breakfast is the
most important meal of the day" occurs in the novella The
Metamorphosis, published in 1915 by Franz Kafka, which includes the
line, "For Gregor's father, breakfast was the most important meal of the
day". This is due to your body fasting for 69 hours the night prior,
and one would need to break the fasting. Thus it called break-fast.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metamorphosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metamorphosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Kafkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Kafkahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metamorphosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Metamorphosis7/29/2019 "breakfast for our brain"
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2.1.2 Breakfast in Several Countries2.1.2.1United Kingdom
Traditionally, people
in the United Kingdom and
Ireland have enjoyed a
substantial hot meal for
breakfast, featuring eggs,
bacon, and sausages,
accompanied by toast
and tea or coffee.
These items are sometimes eaten separately on morning rolls. In
Britain, this was traditionally known as a full English breakfast,
though there are also Scottish and Welsh variations (e.g.
Scottish breakfasts often include haggis, black pudding and
potato scones). Many other items (for example kedgeree, grilled
or fried tomatoes, grilled sheep kidneys, black pudding or white
pudding, baked beans, fried sliced bread, various types of fried
potatoes and mushrooms) may be included, depending on taste
and location, and pure fruit juice is sometimes added as a
beverage in addition to tea or coffee. Today, this dish remains
popular, but is not usually served at breakfast time during the
week. Many people instead reserve the full cooked breakfast for
weekends, or go to a caf or pub for it at the weekend.
2.1 Traditional Breakfast of United Kin dom
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irelandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haggishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_sconehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedgereehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_beanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_juicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caf%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_juicehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baked_beanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomatohttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kedgereehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potato_sconehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_puddinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haggishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffeehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baconhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egg_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ireland7/29/2019 "breakfast for our brain"
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A full breakfast is also a meal available any time at many
cafs and greasy spoons. It is also served at hotels, where it can
be quite substantial in size and variety. The author Somerset
Maugham once quipped "the only way to eat well in England is
to have breakfast three times a day." This is sometimes quoted
as the origin of the term, and indeed meal, all-day breakfast.
Breakfast cereals remain a very popular food for breakfast in the
United Kingdom, and are often eaten before the cooked
breakfast components, and sometimes, people will merely have
a bowl of cereal and some drinks for breakfast.
Boiled eggs with soldiers are also a popular breakfast meal
in the UK, although like the full English breakfast, they are
mainly eaten at the weekend. In fact, eggs are quite popular as
breakfast foods in general in the United Kingdom, and these
may be eaten in a variety of ways - they may be eaten as boiled
eggs, poached eggs, scrambled eggs or fried eggs. They may
even be cooked as pancakes at Shrove Tuesday. Porridge is a
traditional breakfast in Scotland as well as the rest of Britain in
the winter months. In most British hotels, this breakfast is
included in the room rate.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greasy_spoonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Maughamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Maughamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldiers_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poached_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrambled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fried_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancakeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrove_Tuesdayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrove_Tuesdayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancakeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fried_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrambled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poached_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soldiers_%28food%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boiled_eggshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cerealhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Maughamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somerset_Maughamhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greasy_spoon7/29/2019 "breakfast for our brain"
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2.1.2.2JapanA traditional
Japanese breakfast
is based on rice,
seafood, and
fermented foods,
which do not differ
substantially from
dishes eaten at other meals in Japanese cuisine. An exception is
natt (a type of fermented soybeans), which is most popularly
eaten for breakfast. A typical Japanese restaurant breakfast
presentation would be
miso soup, rice with nori or other
garnishes, natt, rice porridge, grilled fish, raw egg, and a
pickled vegetable. The influence of Japanese travelers has made
this traditional breakfast a standard option on the menus of
many upscale hotels worldwide. It is common in Japanese
households to include leftover items from the last evening's
dinner in the next day's breakfast. Western breakfast foods such
as toast and boiled or fried eggs are also common, and cereals
are becoming popular. The typicalbreakfast beverage is green
tea (traditional).
2.2 Traditional Breakfast of Ja an
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2.1.2.3IndonesiaA popular Indonesian breakfast is lontong sayur, a
dish made of compressed rice with a spicy curry sauce and
cooked vegetables, deep fried redskin peanuts, and kerupuk
(prawn crackers). Optional accompaniments include boiled egg
(sometimes in a spicy sambal) and perkedel (deep fried
potato cakes). A quantity of the dish will be prepared prior to
sale at a food cart or stall, and will be served at room
temperature and not reheated during sale.
In homes, Fried
Rice is the most
popular breakfast
dish.Unlike lontong
however, fried rice is
also eaten for lunch and
dinner, making it the
most reliable kind of dish. Lontong also needs far more
preparation and would generally be eaten at a local stall or food
cart, whereas fried rice is very easy to make, yet really tasty, and
usually accompanied with shrimp and egg or any suitable
accompaniment. Due to its popularity, fried rice is sold in many
2.3 Fried Rice
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stall throughout Indonesia and can be found in nearly all hotels
in Indonesia.
Another popular breakfast is bubur ayam, which is rice
porridge. It is usually served hot, with Cakwe (Chinese fried
bread stick), spring onion
leaves, piece of chicken
slices, some chili sauce,
and sweet soy sauce. Like
Fried Rice, this dish can
be served for lunch and
dinner as well. It is also easy to make.
Among college students (especially for those who rent
houses) mie instan (instant noodles) are popular, both the fried
and soup variety. A popular brand is Indomie, or its product,
Pop Mie (instant noodles served in a cup). Its preparation is
simple and takes around 5 to 10 minutes (especially Pop Mie,
where only hot water is added). Such preparation makes it an
easy breakfast for students because they need to attend college
in the morning. Like the above, it can be served for lunch and
dinner.
In addition to these, Indonesians often simply eat the
leftovers from the previous evening's dinner, such as curry, with
plain rice. The high tropical temperatures, high degree of
2.4 Bubur A am"
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humidity and widespread lack of refrigeration make it prudent to
eat food while it is still relatively fresh. If lacking such leftovers,
a basic dish such as fried ikan teri (dried fish), or some kind of
fried egg, again served with plain rice, would be common.
2.1.3 A Good Breakfast
A good breakfast should contain lots of carbohydrates, because
carbohydrates that we consume would stimulate glucose and micro-
nutrients in the brain. Carbohydrate is one of the nutrients that produce
energy which serves to stimulate the brain.
Carbohydrates are divided into the two types, namely simplex
carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates. In the intelligence of the
brain, complex carbohydrates should be consumed. Complex
carbohydrates are carbohydrates that contain fiber and vitamins which
can be digested and absorbed slowly, so the sugar levels rise slowly
into the body. Carbohydrates of this type often found in rice, bread,
corn and potatoes.
Complex carbohydrate foods can provide more value to the
function of the brain, which helps focus the mind to learn and facilitate
the absorption of the subject matter. You could say the level of
concentration and absorption is better than individuals who did not eat
breakfast.
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2.2 Human Brain2.2.1 Brains Anatomy
Human Brain is the organ that has specialized very complex.
Weight total adult brain is about 2% of total body weight or about 1.4
pounds and has about 12 billion neurons. Information processing in the
brain performed on special parts according
to the translation area of sensory neurons.
Brain surface is not flat, but squiggly as
the development neurons that are in it. The
more developed a person's brain, more and
more the curve. Curves are trending into
the (valley) called the sulcus and grooves trending upward (mound) is
called gyrus. Brains get impulses from the spinal cord and 12 pairs
cranial nerves. Each of these nerves will lead on specific parts of the
brain.
Human Brain is divided into four parts, there are Cerebrum,
Cerebellum, Brainstem and Limbic system
2.2.1.1 CerebrumThe cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain which
is also called by the name of the Cerebral Cortex, Forebrain or
2.5 Human Brain
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Brain Home. The cerebrum is the part of the brain that
distinguishes humans from animals. The cerebrum makes man
capable of thinking, analysis, logic, language, awareness,
planning, memory and visual abilities. Your intelligence
quotient or IQ is also determined by the quality of this section.
The cerebrum is divided into 4 (four) sections called lobes.
Sections called lobes prominent gyrus and part of the curve that
resembles a moat called the sulcus. The four lobes respectively
are: Frontal Lobe, Parietal lobe, occipital lobe and temporal
lobe.
The frontal lobe is the part that is a front lobe of the GreatBrain. This lobe is associated with the ability to make
excuses, motor skills, cognition, planning, problem solving,
providing assessment, creativity, sense of control, control
of sexual behavior and language skills in general.
Parietal lobe in the center, associated with the process offeeling like pressure sensors, touch and pain.
Temporal lobe located at the bottom related to hearingability, meaning the information and language in the form
of sound.
Occipital lobe at the very back, associated with visualstimuli that allow humans capable of different
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interpretations of the object captured by the retina of the
eye.
Besides divided into 4 lobes, cerebrum (large brain) can
also be divided into two parts, namely the right hemisphere and
left hemisphere. Both parts are connected by cables nerve at the
bottom. In general, the right hemisphere controls the left side of
the body, and the left hemisphere controls the right side of the
body. The right brain is involved in creativity and artistic
ability, while the left brain is for logical and rational thinking.
2.2.1.2 CerebellumSmall brain or cerebellum is located at the back of the
head, near the tip of the upper neck. Cerebellum controls many
automatic functions of the brain, such as: set the stance or body
position, balance control, muscle coordination and body
movement. Small brains also store and execute a series of
2.6 Parts of Human Brain
2.7 Left and Ri ht Brain
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automatic movements are studied such as driving a car
movements, hand movements while writing, movement and so
lock the door.
In the event of injury to the cerebellum, may cause
interference with the attitude and the coordination of muscle
movements. Movements become uncoordinated, for example
the person is not able to put food in your mouth or unable to
buttoning a shirt.
2.2.1.3 BrainstemBrainstem is in the bones of the skull or head cavity and
extending to the base of the spine or spinal cord. Part of the
brain regulates basic functions, including human breathing,
heart rate, regulate body temperature, regulate the digestive
process, and is the source of the basic human instinct is fight or
flight when approaching danger.
The brainstem is also found in animals such as lizards and
crocodiles. Therefore, the brain stem often called the reptilian
brain. Set the reptilian brain 'territorial feelings' as a primitive
instinct. For example you will feel uncomfortable or threatened
when people you do not know too close to you.
The brain stem consists of three parts, namely:
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Middle mesencephalon or brain (also called Mid Brain) isthe top part of the brain stem that connects the Brain Big
and Little Brain. Midbrain controls the response function in
terms of vision, eye movement, enlarged pupils, regulated
body movement and hearing.
Medulla oblongata is the starting point of the spinal nervesfrom the left side of the body toward the right side of the
body, and vice versa. Medulla of the brain controls the
function is automatic, such as heartbeat, blood circulation,
respiration, and digestion.
The pon is a relay station that sends data to the center of thebrain along with the reticular formation. Pons that
determines whether we are awake or asleep.
2.2.1.4 Limbic SystemThe limbic system is
located in the central part
of the brain, brain stem
like a collar wrap dress.
Limbic comes from the
Latin meaning collar. This
is the same brain section is owned also by mammals so often
2.8 Limbic System
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referred to as the mammalian brain. Limbic components
include the hypothalamus, thalamus, amigdala, and cortex
limbic hipocampus.
The limbic system is located in the central part of the
brain, brain stem like a collar wrap dress. Limbic comes from
the Latin meaning collar. This is the feelings, regulate hormone
production, maintain homeostasis, thirst, hunger, sex drive,
pleasure centers, metabolism and also long-term memory.
The most important part of the limbic system is the
hypothalamus that one of its functions is to decide which parts
need attention and which ones are not. Suppose you pay more
attention to your own children than with children who do not
know. Why? Cause you have a strong emotional connection
with your child. Likewise, when you hate someone, you instead
frequent notice or reminder. This happens because you have an
emotional connection with people you hate.
The limbic system saves a lot of information that is not
touched by the senses. He is commonly known as the
emotional brain or place of love and honesty lies. Carl Gustav
Jung called it "Subconscious" or the collective unconscious,
which is manifested in behaviors such as helping people better
and more sincere behavior. Le Doux termed the limbic system
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as the seat for all the human passions, where love ended,
respect and honesty.
2.2.2 Brains WorkThe working of human brain is very complex at all. The brain
works together with other organs of our body so that your body can
work as order. The brain and spinal cord form the central nervous
system, the two systems work together to coordinate all activities of
the body.
When you think hard cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres) function
to recall, analyze, so that creative ideas emerge (right hemisphere).
Left hemisphere has a role in logic and speech.
2.3The Relation between Breakfast and Brains ActivityHuman Brain needs calories to be worked. Brain use 15 - 20% calories from
all calories that our body need. The calorie that brain use is made at the cell
through catabolism process which need some simple bio molecule such as
asam amino, glucose and asam lemak. We can infer that bio molecule
from the food that we ate which has been through the digestive process.
When we are sleeping, for at least eight hours, there was no food that we
consumed. That makes the amount of glucose in our body decrease
significantly, means that the energy is also low in the morning when a hard
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thing usually we do. By having breakfast in the morning, the amount of
glucose in our body will be increase and serve energy for doing our activity.
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Chapter III
Methodology
3.1Research DesignIn making this paper, author use two kinds of collecting data process.
There are :
Literature MethodThe material in this paper author get by reading some literature book
that proper with the topic in this paper and take a summary from so
many source to make the contain of this paper shown the truth of the
topic.
Observation Method ( Questionnaire )The data in this paper author get from the questionnaire that author
give to some respondents to get more accurate and actual data about
the topic in this paper.
3.2Research SiteThe researched that author have done, take place at SMAN 1
Baleendah, Bandung at 2223 February 2012 while the literature method
has already done since December 2011 until February 2012.
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3.3The ParticipantsPopulation is a whole object of research. Based on the definition, the
population of this research is the whole student of SMAN 1 Baleendah.
That consist ten class of tenth grades student, ten class of eleventh grades
student and ten class of twelves student.
Sample of this research is 64 student of SMAN 1 Baleendah that
chosen randomly from tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grade students.
3.4Research InstrumentThe question that that author asked to respondents are as follow :
1. Do you like having breakfast before going to school and start youractivity?
a. YESb. NO
2. Why do not you like having breakfast ? ( If the answer of firstquestion is number 2 )
a. No more timeb.
It is not your habit
c. .. (another reason)3. Do you have a good concentration when learning process ?
a. YESb. NO
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4. Can you understand what have you learned ?a. YESb. NO
5. Are you on Top 10 at your class ?a. YESb. NO
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Chapter IV
Findings and Discussion
4.1Research ResultBased on the research that author have done, the result is as follow :
The students that usually having breakfast in the morning is about70.3%. Where 86.7% of them can concentrate in every activity that
they do (learning) and can understand what they have learned. While
only 44.4% of them have a good achievement at school.
The students that never have a breakfast in the morning is about29.7%. And only 49.4% of them that can concentrate and understand
what they have learned at school. And only 36.8% of them who have a
good achievement at school.
From the result above, we can say that most of the students who can
concentrate and understand the lesson that they have learned at school is they
who always having breakfast in the morning. While they who never have
breakfast in the morning have less concentration and understanding ability.
Although the achievement ratio of they who always have a breakfast and they
who have not have a breakfast is not so different. It happens because
concentration and understanding is not the only factor that influence it, the
diligently is also have a role on it. In another way we can conclude that
breakfast influence the brains activity such as concentration and
understanding ability, but it is not give so much role on student achievement.
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Other research has done by the researchers from Alexander Hospital in
Singapore. They do a research in several homes at six countries in Asia to find
out whether the kids always have a breakfast or not, how their brains
development, and their achievement. And the result shown that they who have
not have a breakfast have less concentration and have a low responses when
studying.
While the American experts also done a research to their students who come
at school. Some of them have breakfast before going to school and some of
them have not. It has been prove that they who have not have a breakfast have
a low response to number while they who have a breakfast are more sensitive.
Especially when the first lesson is Math, they who have a breakfast show
greater achievement than they who have not.
4.2Digestive Process
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In simple terms, our digestion system - from the mouth to the small intestine
- is designed to break down disaccharides and polysaccharides into
monosaccharide. This metabolism of carbohydrates is achieved through the
secretion of a number of digestive enzymes into the gastrointestinal tract
(especially in the duodenum) where they attack carbohydrates and gradually
convert them into simple sugars like glucose so they can be absorbed into the
blood. Digestive enzymes are like biological scissors - they chop long starch
molecules into simpler ones.
In the Mouth
The process of digesting carbohydrates begins in the mouth. Our saliva
contains an enzyme called amylase that starts breaking down the more
complex carbohydrate ( amylum ) into simpler types ( maltose, lactose and
galactose ).
In the Stomach
Enzyme activity continues in the stomach, but slows down significantly as
digestive acids are released into the stomach by the glands.
In the Small Intestine
Another version of amylase is secreted by the pancreas into the duodenum
(first section of small intestine). This cuts down carbohydrates into simple
sugars - maltose, lactose and sucrose. As the carbohydrate passes further into
the intestine, the enzymes maltase, lactase and sucrose chop maltose, lactose
and sucrose into smaller bits, more easily absorbed which are eventually
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converted to glucose and absorbed through the intestinal walls into the
bloodstream.
4.3Catabolism ProcessCarbohydrate catabolism reaction is as follows.
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2+ 6H2O + E (Energy)
The energy released from catabolic reactions above will be stored in the form
of high-energy phosphate molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphat).
Chemical energy is released, then used the cell body to carry out various types
of work in cell biology. Therefore, the reaction is called catabolism
dissimilation reactions. Cell respiration involves various enzymes and consists
of the stages, namely the reaction of glycolysis, oksidatik decarboxylation
reaction, Krebs cycle and electron transport.
Glycolysis, is the process of breaking down the glucose into two molecules of
pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, and 2 ATP. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
Dikarboksilasi oxidative reaction
After going through the stages of glycolysis, pyruvate enters mitochondria if
there is molecular oxygen. In the mitochondria, pyruvate is converted first into
a compound called acetyl CoA. This reaction is called dikarboksilasi oxidative
reactions. Next the acetyl CoA ready to give acetate into the Krebs cycle for
further oxidation in conjunction with the so-called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic
cycle.
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Krebs cycle is a process of conversion of acetyl CoA to CO2 which is
accompanied by the release of energy. Acetyl CoA is present in the
mitochondria produced oxaloacetic acid reacts with citric acid. The next step
of citric acid to form oxaloacetate re-described. The final result is the Krebs
cycle 6 NADH, FADH 2, and 2 ATP. NADH and FADH further into the
electron transport system. Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondria.
Electron transport, takes place in the mitochondrial membrane. Molecular
hydrogen produced in the Krebs cycle is present in the NADH and FADH2 is
converted into electrons and protons. In this system, oxygen is the last
acceptor hydrogen, then hydrogen reacts with oxygen to form water. In this
process produced 34 ATP.
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Chapter V
Conclusion and Recommendation
5.1ConclusionBreakfast is the first meal taken after rising from nights sleep. A good
breakfast should contain complex carbohydrates because it serves more
glucose which is very useful to activate our brains activity.
Research has proved that people who always have breakfast in the morning
before their activity have more concentration, are easier to understand
something and have greater achievement. The food that contains complex
carbohydrates will go through the digestive process in mouth, stomach and
small intestine with a help from several enzymes until they become simple
carbohydrate (glucose) that will be absorbed and move into cell.
In cell the glucose move through catabolism process contain four stages
(glycolysis, oksidatik decarboxylation reaction, Krebs cycle and electron
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transport) and producing energy that will be used by our brain to do its
function.
5.2RecommendationResearch has proved that breakfast can influence brains activity. So, author
suggests everyone who read this paper to pay more attention to their own
eating pattern, especially breakfast. Do not missed you breakfast because it
really has a role to your activity.
For those who want to know more about the topic, author suggests that they
do more complicated research to have more accurate data. Get more samples
and literature.