Brazil’s Zero Hunger Programme

www.grazianodasilva.org [email protected]

Brazil’s Zero Hunger Programme

Jose Graziano Da Silva

Brussels Policy Development Briefing no.23Brussels, 15Th June 2011


Population (est.): 190 million people

Area: 8.5 million km²

26 states, 5,564 municipalities and the Federal District

GDP = US$ 2.02 trillion

GDP per capita : U$ 10,471

Gini Index (2009): 0.493

BRAZIL 2010


Brazil 2002

• Population 175 million• GDP growth 1.9% per annum• GDP per capita (PPP) $7,400• Gini Coefficient 0.596

Brazil was a major exporter of food to the rest of the world, but surveys showed about that about 50 million Brazilians were suffering from chronic hunger


Brazilian income inequality has decreased

0.6230.623

0.604

0.593

0.582

0.5890.594

0.588

0.596

0.587

0.599

0.615

0.634

0.612

0.580

0.6020.599 0.600

0.6000.598

0.592

0.594

0.5870.581

0.569

0.566 0.560

0.552

0.544

0.54

0.56

0.58

0.60

0.62

0.64

1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008

Coe

ficie

nte

de G

ini

Anos

Evolução da desigualdade na renda domiciliar per capita segundo o coeficiente de Gini: Brasil, 1976 a 2008

Fonte: Estimativas produzidas com base na Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios (PNAD) de 1976 a 2008.

Mínimo

Média


Evolução temporal da extrema pobreza: Brasil, 1990 a 2008

22,1 22,6

22,9

17,3 17,7

17,8

16,8

17,4 17,4

16,5

17,5

15,1

13,3

10,810,3

8,8

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Ano

Porc

enta

gem

de

extr

emam

ente

pob

res

(%)

1o Objetivo do Milênio

1,7 p.p./ano


January 2003Lula launches Zero Hunger Programme

“If, at the end of my term in office, all Brazilians can have three meals a day, I will have fulfilled my mission in life”

Zero Hunger Programme focuses on improving nutrition as the entry point for rapid poverty reduction, social inclusion, improved health and education, and better living conditions for rural people involved in food production


Zero Hunger Programme

• Improves access of the poor to adequate food and nutrition– Food card for poorest families (later converted to Bolsa Familia)– School meals– Emergency feeding

• Harnesses extra demand to boost small-scale farming– Credit, extension and public sector food purchase– Rural water supply (“cisternas”)

• Addresses structural causes of food insecurity– Land reform; links to macro-economic policies (e.g. minimum wage)


PROGRAMS AND ACTIONS

3. Income Generation

• Social and Professional Qualification: PLANSEC / Bolsa Família• Solidarity Economy and Productive Inclusion

•SAN Regional Arrangements: CONSADs, Territory of Citizenship

• Oriented Productive Microcredit

2. Strengthening of Family Agriculture

• Financing for Small-Scale Farming

• Food Acquisition Program (PAA)

4. Mobilization and social oversight

• Citizenship Education and Social Mobilization

• prívate sector Donations

• Partnerships with enterprises and entities

• Social Oversight and Committees

1. Food Access• Income: Bolsa Família• Food Programs:

School MealsFood to Specific Population GroupsFood and Nutrition Education

Food and Nutrition Monitoring/ PlanningWorkers’ Canteens

• Water: Cisterns

• Local and Regional SAN Networks: Popular Restaurants, Community Kitchens, Fairs, Urban Agriculture and Food Banks


Evolution of Zero Hunger Programme

• Amalgamation of food card and other grants in single conditional social protection programme - Bolsa Familia

• Management passed from Special Ministry to Ministry for Social Development

• Major policy formulation and monitoring role for National Council for Food and Nutrition Security (CONSEA), including civil society

• Incorporation of Right to Food in Constitution• School meals law requires 30% of food purchases

from small-scale farmers


US$ 8.00

US$ 5.00

US$ 3.80

US$ 2.00

US$ 0.8

US$ 0.00

US$ 6.00

US$ 7.2

7.00 bi

3.29 bi

4.00 bi

4.58 bi

5.29 bi

6.23 bi

1.88 bi

7.70 bi

Bolsa Familia Coverage and Financial Resource Allocation


Results DataReduction of poverty and inequality

•Achievement of MDG target 1•19.4 million out of extreme poverty•Poverty – below $2 (PPP) drops to 10% - below $1.25 (PPP) drops to 4%.Increase in mean income of extreme poor: 48.6%•Decrease of Inequality: from 2001 to 2008, the income of the bottom 10% grew six times faster than the top 10% . •Gini Coefficient improved: from 0.59 to 0.54

Food and nutritional security Reduction of malnutrition among 0-5 year-olds, from 12.5% to 4.8% (2003-2008)

Reduction of the risk of child labor Age 5 to 15 years: from 7.5% to 5.8% (2003-2008)

Conditionality's Lower truancy rates among PBF beneficiaries (3.6% in Primary School and 7.2% in Secondary School)

provided resilience to global financial and economic crises Cost: Cash transfers represent 3% of national GDP.

Some Results


Launched June 2011

Focus on 16.2 million still in extreme poverty

Expand cash transfer (Bolsa Familia) to 800,000 more families

Better access to education, health, sanitation, water, electricity

Skills training (incl. rubbish pickers)

Expand funding for input and marketing programmes for ultra-poor farmers

Next Steps in Brazil

”BRAZIL WITHOUT POVERTY”


Lessons for Other Countries

•Be bold: aim for full and lasting hunger eradication

•Make ending hunger central element of national policy: Ensure participation of all sectors; engage civil society

•Understand why and where people are hungry

•Accept that agricultural growth alone will not cut hunger

•Use targeted social protection for families via women, as entry point

•Use extra food demand to stimulate small-scale farm growth

•Begin to address structural issues

•Assure sustainability through legislation on right to food


Conclusions

• Lula’s goal not yet met, but rapid progress towards ending chronic hunger and malnutrition achieved

• Social protection is high return investment in human capital – not charity

• With the right policies, hunger reduction can drive small-scale agricultural development

• Linking hunger reduction and agricultural development generates big economic benefits, where most needed

• Improves income distribution and resilience to shocks• Makes political sense in democracies


Lula’s Assessment

I think that it is great that people finally understand that making the poor less poor is good for the economy. They become customers, they go to the shopping malls, they buy items that only the middle class could before


Thanks!!!

Jose Graziano Da Silva

[email protected]

http://www.grazianodasilva.org/


Conditionalities Bolsa Familia Program(BFP)

AREAAREA CONDITIONALITYCONDITIONALITY TARGETTARGET

HEALTH following vaccination calendar, children´s growth and development

children under age 7.

Pre-birth and nursing health care Pregnant women and nursing mothers.

EDUCATION school registration and monthly attendance (minimum 85%)

children and teenagers between age 6-15.

school registration and monthly attendance (minimum 75%)

16-17 year-olds.

SOCIAL PROTECTION

Social, educational and community activities (Child Labor Eradication Program)

children up to age15.


A typical beneficiary family BFP

• Lives in the urban area of a Northeastern, in its own house• Is headed by a black woman, aged 37, self-employed, not covered

by social insurance, with incomplete basic schooling.• Familly has four people.• Was registered and granted a benefit in Bolsa Família in 2006• Its children attend public schools and are currently behind in school• Earns a monthly per capita income of US$ 26.18• Receives a financial benefit of US$ 60.00


Bolsa Família Program Outcomes

• Reduction in income inequality– 21% of the reduction achieved in income inequality was due to BFP

(2004-2006).Soares et alii, 2006.

• Extreme poverty– BFP explains 18% of the reduction in the poverty gap and a quarter of

the reduction in the square poverty gap (from 5.9% to 4.6%)Soares and Satyro, 2009.

– In 2009, 4.3 million out of 12.4 million beneficiary families have crossed the extreme poverty line (US$ 41.18 per capita monthly) by receiving the financial benefits

Senarc, 2010.

• Impact of the financial benefits over the per-capita monthly income– Median increase of income: 48.7% (from US$ 28.64 to US$ 42.60), which

allows families to cross the extreme poverty threshold – Increase of 60% in the monthly per-capita income in North and

Northeastern areas SENARC, 2010.


Bolsa Família Programme Outcomes

• Impacts on health– Increase of child immunization rates (15-25 pp, according to the

vaccine).– Beneficiary pregnant women have 1.5 as many pre-natal doctor

attendances as non-beneficiaries with the same social and economic profile

– probability of being born full term is 14.1 pp higher for children in families that receive the benefit.

Bolsa Familia Impact Evaluation Research, 2010.

• Impacts on education– Increase of 4.4 pp in school attendance of 6-17 year-old children– Increase of 6 pp in school promotion of 6-17 year-old beneficiary

childrenBolsa Familia Impact Evaluation Research, 2010.

– Bolsa Familia students show lower drop-out rates than students of public schools

Source: Education Ministry (MEC)

Documents

Brazil’s Zero Hunger Programme