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EUKARYOTIC ALGAE:
RED AND BROWN PIGMENTED TYPES
TJMedina
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KINGDOM PROTISTAEukaryotic – compartmentalized
Endosymbiotic Theory
Garbage bin – high diversity of organismsPlant-like Protists – ALGAENo vascular tissueAquatic habitat
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ENDOSYMBIOTIC THEORYtjm
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Class Rhodophyceae
General characteristics
Pigments: Chlorophyll a & d Phycobilins: PhycoerythrinNon-motileReserve food= FLORIDEAN STARCH
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Cell wall – amorphous layer (gelans, agar, carageenans)
- protection for dessication
Habitat- mostly marineForms: unicellular, filamentous, thalloid (colony forming sheets)
Pit connections
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Class Subclass Genera
Rhodophyceae
Bangiophycidae Porphyridium
Compsopogon
Porphyra
Florideophycidae Eucheuma
Gracilaria
Polysiphonia
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Subclass Bangiophycidae
No pit connections
Unicellular – uninucleated
No sexual reproduction
Porphyridium, Compsopogon, Porphyra
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Porphyridium unicellular, has a stellate chloroplast tjm
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Compsopogon Filamentous Found in fresh water Has vegetative cells and corticating cells
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Porphyra Thalloid forming (blade, holdfast) Economic use as : Japanese Nori (sushi wrapper)
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
LIFE CYCLE OF PORPHYRAtjm
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Subclass Florideophycidae
With pit connections
Exhibit sexual reproduction
Eucheuma, Gracilaria, Polysiphonia
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Eucheuma Observable part: stipe Cell wall is made up of sulfated galactans (CHO) CW is utilized as the source of carrageenan
(emulsifier and stabilizer
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Gracilaria cell wall is made up of polysaccharides CW is utilized as source of Agar (culture medium
for micro)
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Polysiphonia reproduce sexually Has a triphasic life cycle, diplohapontic
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RED ALGAE: DIVISION RHODOPHYTA
Polysiphonia
Polysiphoniatjm
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Division Class Subclass Genera
Pyrrophyta Dinophyceae Pyrodinium
Bacillariophyta
Bacillariophyceae
Navicula
Cyclotella
Phaeophyta Phaeophyceae Isogeneretae Ectocarpus
Heterogeneretae
Laminaria
Cyclosporae Fucus
Sargassum
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BROWN ALGAE
Known as Dinoflagellates Characteristics:
UnicellularBiflagellated (longitudinal, transverse)Bounded by protective cellulose platesStarch as reserved food“fire” plant – can cause BLOOMS which
eventually become a RED TIDEVery harmful because they release
neurotoxins that target the central nervous system
BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PYRROPHYTA
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Class Dinophyceae Pyrodinium tjm
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PYRROPHYTA
BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PYRROPHYTA
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Known as Diatoms
Characteristics:
UnicellularChrysolaminarin as stored foodCell wall is composed of Silica (glass-like)Non-motile
BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION BACILLARIOPHYTA
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Class Bacillariophyceae Navicula – pennate diatom
Girdle view
Valve viewraphe
striae
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION BACILLARIOPHYTA
Cyclotella – centric diatom
Valve viewGirdle view
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION BACILLARIOPHYTA
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION BACILLARIOPHYTA
The true brown algaeCharacteristics:
Multicellular (filamentous or giant thallus – kelp)
LAMINARIN as reserved foodCell wall made up of cellulose and alginic
acidMotile reproductive structures3 Subclasses: Isogeneretae,
Heterogeneretae, and Cyclosporae
BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PHAEOPHYTA
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Subclass Isogeneretae Microscopic Diplohaplontic Isomorphic generations- identical gametophyte
and sporophyte Ectocarpus
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PHAEOPHYTA
Subclass Heterogeneretae Diplohaplontic Different structures for the different generations Laminaria
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PHAEOPHYTA
Subclass Cyclosporae Diplontic – sporophyte (2n) Fucus
- with conceptacle which has the parasitic gametophytes (oogonium, antheridium)
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PHAEOPHYTA
Sargassum
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BROWN ALGAE: DIVISION PHAEOPHYTA
ECONOMIC USES OF ALGAE utilized as food for people as resources for the manufacturing of
industrial products Source of algin - stabilizer & moisture retainer in
many products such as ice cream, cake frosting, paint, pharmaceutials, & processing of natural & synthetic rubber.
Source of agar – culture medium, stabilizer and filler for many foods
Fertilizer For reef formation (red algae- coralline algae-
Corallina)
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THE END tjmedin
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