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Chapter 6 1

Chapter 6

Windows NT/2000 Operating Systems

6.1 Windows 9x Contrasts

6.2 System Tools

6.3 Overview of the Installation Process6.4 Installing the Windows 2000 OS

6.5 Special Installations


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Chapter 6 2

Windows 9x Contrasts


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Chapter 6 3

NTFS versus FAT

Some of the biggest differences between operating systems are the Windows NT FileSystem (NTFS) and File Allocation Table (FAT) file systems.

Files are stored in clusters.

The size of the clusters is determined by the size of the partitions made on the hard disk.


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Chapter 6 4

NTFS versus FAT

The FAT32 file system was designedto support hard drives up to 2048 GB.

The FAT32 file system also solved theproblem of limited cluster size as well.

This shows the utilization of disk spacewith different cluster sizes.

This combined with the ability torecognize partitions larger than 2 GBmade the FAT32 file system anobvious evolution of the DOS filesystem.


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Chapter 6 5

NTFS versus FAT

The Windows NT File System(NTFS) was designed with theidea that the file system needs tobe capable of managing globaland enterprise level operatingsystems.

NTFS supports all WindowsNT/2000/XP operating systems.

With NTFS, share rights can alsobe set that operate on sharedfolders in combination with file

and folder permissions.

FAT only supports share rights.


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Chapter 6 6

Windows 2000 Boot Process

The boot process forWindows 2000 is differentfrom Windows 9x.

The Windows 2000 boot

process occurs in five stages: The preboot sequence

The boot sequence

The kernel load

The kernel initialization The logon process


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Chapter 6 7

System Tools


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Chapter 6 8

Administrative Tools

The Administrative Tools utility is a powerful WindowsNT/2000/XP System Tool that enables the administrator tocontrol just about everything related to the local computer.

From this utility, permission to log on to the computer can becontrolled by creating Local User accounts.

In the Windows 9x environment there is no such thing as alocal user. Anyone who turns on the computer will haveaccess to it.

There is no way to keep track of who is using the computer orwho is allowed to use the computer.


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Chapter 6 9


The Disk Managementutility allows the

administrator to control and

manipulate the computer

hard drives. There are two types of disks

that are available in

Windows 2000 and XP,

basic disks and dynamicdisks.


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Chapter 6 10


A basic disk is a physical

disk that contains primary

partitions, extended

partitions, or logical drives.

A basic disk can contain upto four primary partitions, or

up to three primary

partitions and one extended

partition, for a maximum offour partitions.


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Chapter 6 11


One of the main reasons to have a disk management

tool is to use multidisk volumes.

When using Dynamic Disk Storage, multidisk

volumes are referred to as hard disk space.

This is because the hard drives are no longer dealt

with as if they were one complete disk divided by

partitions, but rather as multidisk volumes.


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Chapter 6 12


This shows the process of

upgrading a basic disk to a

dynamic disk

Open the ComputerManagement screen as

shown

Expand the Storage

folder and select DiskManagement


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Chapter 6 13


Right-click on disk that need to be upgraded The Upgrade to Dynamic Disk window displays as

shown.

Select the disk to upgrade as shown.


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Chapter 6 14


Press Upgrade.

Press OK to reboot and complete the dynamic disk upgrade.

Once the system has rebooted, go to the Computer Management

screen to confirm that the disk has been upgraded.


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Chapter 6 15

Windows 2000 Registry

The purpose of the registry is as a database ofconfiguration settings in Windows 95/98/NT/2000. T

The main component of the registry is the hardwareinstalled on the computer.

It is also includes device drivers, installed applications,and network adapter card settings.

The registry contains a vast amount of data and iscritical to how the system operates.

There are six main components that access the

registry and store data: Device drivers, Setup programs , Setup programs, Windows

NT kernel, NTDETECT.COM, Hardware profile


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Chapter 6 16


Navigating and editing theregistry can be done

manually using the

REGEDT32.EXE.

When this command istyped an interface will be

displayed that will have the

registry subtrees window

allowing a search throughall of the registry values.


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Chapter 6 17


HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Contains data on the activehardware profile that is selectedduring the boot process. Thisinformation is used to configuresettings such as the device drivers

to load and the display resolutionto use.

HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT Contains software configurationdata of all the software that is

installed on the computer.


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Chapter 6 18


HKEY_CURRENT_USERContains data about the currentuser that is logged into thecomputer. Retrieves a copy ofeach user account that is used tolog on to the computer and stores it

in the registry.

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Contains all configuration data forthe local computer, includinghardware and operating system

data such as bus type, systemmemory, device drivers, andstartup control data.


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Chapter 6 19

Startup Menu and Safe Mode

One advanced startup featurethat is available fortroubleshooting purposes is SafeMode startup.

If the computer will not startnormally, use the Safe Modeadvanced startup option.

Enter Safe Mode by pressing theF8 key during the operatingsystem selection phase.

This will display a screen with

advanced options for bootingWindows 2000.


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Chapter 6 20

Overview of the Installation Process


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Chapter 6 21

Hardware Requirements

Windows 2000 is a much more robustoperating system and has many morefeatures than the 9x operating system.

When installing one of the 9x operatingsystems, the hard drive must be partitionedwith either the fdisk.exe utility or with a thirdparty utility like Partition Magic.

Windows 2000 provides an easy way toprepare the hard drive for OS installation.

The administrator can take an unformatted,unpartitioned hard drive and begin installingWindows 2000.


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Chapter 6 22

Hardware Requirements

Device drivers play an important role in any operatingsystem whether it is Windows 9x or 2000.

If the computer does not have the proper device drivers, thesystem will not run or sometimes will not even boot up.

The main advantage that Windows 2000 has, whencompared with Windows 9x, is the Hardware AbstractionLayer (HAL). The HAL is a library of hardware drivers thatoperate between the operating system and hardware that isinstalled on the system.

The HAL enables Windows 2000 to work with many

different types of processors from different manufactures.


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Chapter 6 23

Installing the Windows 2000 OS


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Chapter 6 24

Requirements for Installing Windows 2000

Microsoft has a tool call theHardware Compatibility List(HCL)that can be usedbefore installing Windows2000 to verify that the

hardware will actually workwith Windows 2000.

HCL can be viewed byopening the HCL.TXT file inthe Support folder on theWindows 2000 ProfessionalCD-ROM.

U d t di th St i


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Chapter 6 25

Understanding the Steps in

Windows 2000 Installation

There are four main steps in theWindows 2000 installation process.

The first step of the installationprocess begins by preparing thehard drive for the other stages ofinstallation by copying the files that

are needed to run the setupwizard.

The Setup Wizard begins theinstallation process and installs thesecurity features and configuresthe system devices.



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Chapter 6 26


Windows 2000 Installation

After gathering information aboutthe computer, the Windows 2000setup program automaticallyinstalls the network software.

Once the networking componentshave been installed, the Setup

wizard copies additional files toconfigure Windows 2000Professional.

The Setup program continues withthe last step in the installation

process.


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Chapter 6 27

Windows 2000 Setup Options

The Portable installation installsthe options that might be neededwith a portable computer.

The Compact installation isused when installing Windows

2000 on a computer with alimited amount of hard drivespace.

The Custom installation is usedif customized selections for thedevice configurations areneeded.


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Chapter 6 28

Special Installations

Upgrading from Windows


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Chapter 6 29

Upgrading from Windows

NT Workstation 4 to Windows 2000

While doing the upgrade, computers that are still waitingfor their upgrade and are running Windows NT 4.0 willbe able to connect and communicate with the Windows2000 computers.

During the upgrade process the Windows 2000 setup

utility will replace the existing files with Windows 2000files.

It should be verified that the computers meet thehardware compatibility requirements in order to upgradedirectly to Windows 2000.

Cover the 11 step upgrade process.


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Chapter 6 30

Upgrading Windows 9x with Windows 2000

The process for upgradingWindows 9x to Windows

2000 is similar to the

process of upgrading

Windows NT 4.0 to 2000. The hardware compatibility

list tool should be used to

make sure the computers

that are to be upgraded will

work with the Windows 2000

operating system.

Dual Boot Windows 9x/


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Chapter 6 31

Dual Boot Windows 9x/

Windows NT 4/Windows2000

Windows 2000 can be set up to dualboot with Windows 98 operatingsystems.

To dual boot the system, do a freshinstall of Windows 98 before installingWindows 2000.

If the system is set up as dual boot,none of the applications that areinstalled in the other operating systempartition can be used.

Microsoft recommends that if thecomputer is set up to dual boot with

Windows 98 and 2000, both partitionsbe formatted with the FAT file system.

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