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Chapter 6 1
Chapter 6
Windows NT/2000 Operating Systems
6.1 Windows 9x Contrasts
6.2 System Tools
6.3 Overview of the Installation Process6.4 Installing the Windows 2000 OS
6.5 Special Installations
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Chapter 6 2
Windows 9x Contrasts
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Chapter 6 3
NTFS versus FAT
Some of the biggest differences between operating systems are the Windows NT FileSystem (NTFS) and File Allocation Table (FAT) file systems.
Files are stored in clusters.
The size of the clusters is determined by the size of the partitions made on the hard disk.
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Chapter 6 4
NTFS versus FAT
The FAT32 file system was designedto support hard drives up to 2048 GB.
The FAT32 file system also solved theproblem of limited cluster size as well.
This shows the utilization of disk spacewith different cluster sizes.
This combined with the ability torecognize partitions larger than 2 GBmade the FAT32 file system anobvious evolution of the DOS filesystem.
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Chapter 6 5
NTFS versus FAT
The Windows NT File System(NTFS) was designed with theidea that the file system needs tobe capable of managing globaland enterprise level operatingsystems.
NTFS supports all WindowsNT/2000/XP operating systems.
With NTFS, share rights can alsobe set that operate on sharedfolders in combination with file
and folder permissions.
FAT only supports share rights.
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Chapter 6 6
Windows 2000 Boot Process
The boot process forWindows 2000 is differentfrom Windows 9x.
The Windows 2000 boot
process occurs in five stages: The preboot sequence
The boot sequence
The kernel load
The kernel initialization The logon process
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Chapter 6 7
System Tools
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Chapter 6 8
Administrative Tools
The Administrative Tools utility is a powerful WindowsNT/2000/XP System Tool that enables the administrator tocontrol just about everything related to the local computer.
From this utility, permission to log on to the computer can becontrolled by creating Local User accounts.
In the Windows 9x environment there is no such thing as alocal user. Anyone who turns on the computer will haveaccess to it.
There is no way to keep track of who is using the computer orwho is allowed to use the computer.
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Chapter 6 9
Administrative Tools
The Disk Managementutility allows the
administrator to control and
manipulate the computer
hard drives. There are two types of disks
that are available in
Windows 2000 and XP,
basic disks and dynamicdisks.
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Chapter 6 10
Administrative Tools
A basic disk is a physical
disk that contains primary
partitions, extended
partitions, or logical drives.
A basic disk can contain upto four primary partitions, or
up to three primary
partitions and one extended
partition, for a maximum offour partitions.
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Chapter 6 11
Administrative Tools
One of the main reasons to have a disk management
tool is to use multidisk volumes.
When using Dynamic Disk Storage, multidisk
volumes are referred to as hard disk space.
This is because the hard drives are no longer dealt
with as if they were one complete disk divided by
partitions, but rather as multidisk volumes.
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Chapter 6 12
Administrative Tools
This shows the process of
upgrading a basic disk to a
dynamic disk
Open the ComputerManagement screen as
shown
Expand the Storage
folder and select DiskManagement
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Chapter 6 13
Administrative Tools
Right-click on disk that need to be upgraded The Upgrade to Dynamic Disk window displays as
shown.
Select the disk to upgrade as shown.
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Chapter 6 14
Administrative Tools
Press Upgrade.
Press OK to reboot and complete the dynamic disk upgrade.
Once the system has rebooted, go to the Computer Management
screen to confirm that the disk has been upgraded.
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Chapter 6 15
Windows 2000 Registry
The purpose of the registry is as a database ofconfiguration settings in Windows 95/98/NT/2000. T
The main component of the registry is the hardwareinstalled on the computer.
It is also includes device drivers, installed applications,and network adapter card settings.
The registry contains a vast amount of data and iscritical to how the system operates.
There are six main components that access the
registry and store data: Device drivers, Setup programs , Setup programs, Windows
NT kernel, NTDETECT.COM, Hardware profile
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Chapter 6 16
Windows 2000 Registry
Navigating and editing theregistry can be done
manually using the
REGEDT32.EXE.
When this command istyped an interface will be
displayed that will have the
registry subtrees window
allowing a search throughall of the registry values.
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Chapter 6 17
Windows 2000 Registry
HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG Contains data on the activehardware profile that is selectedduring the boot process. Thisinformation is used to configuresettings such as the device drivers
to load and the display resolutionto use.
HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT Contains software configurationdata of all the software that is
installed on the computer.
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Chapter 6 18
Windows 2000 Registry
HKEY_CURRENT_USERContains data about the currentuser that is logged into thecomputer. Retrieves a copy ofeach user account that is used tolog on to the computer and stores it
in the registry.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Contains all configuration data forthe local computer, includinghardware and operating system
data such as bus type, systemmemory, device drivers, andstartup control data.
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Chapter 6 19
Startup Menu and Safe Mode
One advanced startup featurethat is available fortroubleshooting purposes is SafeMode startup.
If the computer will not startnormally, use the Safe Modeadvanced startup option.
Enter Safe Mode by pressing theF8 key during the operatingsystem selection phase.
This will display a screen with
advanced options for bootingWindows 2000.
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Chapter 6 20
Overview of the Installation Process
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Chapter 6 21
Hardware Requirements
Windows 2000 is a much more robustoperating system and has many morefeatures than the 9x operating system.
When installing one of the 9x operatingsystems, the hard drive must be partitionedwith either the fdisk.exe utility or with a thirdparty utility like Partition Magic.
Windows 2000 provides an easy way toprepare the hard drive for OS installation.
The administrator can take an unformatted,unpartitioned hard drive and begin installingWindows 2000.
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Chapter 6 22
Hardware Requirements
Device drivers play an important role in any operatingsystem whether it is Windows 9x or 2000.
If the computer does not have the proper device drivers, thesystem will not run or sometimes will not even boot up.
The main advantage that Windows 2000 has, whencompared with Windows 9x, is the Hardware AbstractionLayer (HAL). The HAL is a library of hardware drivers thatoperate between the operating system and hardware that isinstalled on the system.
The HAL enables Windows 2000 to work with many
different types of processors from different manufactures.
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Chapter 6 23
Installing the Windows 2000 OS
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Chapter 6 24
Requirements for Installing Windows 2000
Microsoft has a tool call theHardware Compatibility List(HCL)that can be usedbefore installing Windows2000 to verify that the
hardware will actually workwith Windows 2000.
HCL can be viewed byopening the HCL.TXT file inthe Support folder on theWindows 2000 ProfessionalCD-ROM.
U d t di th St i
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Chapter 6 25
Understanding the Steps in
Windows 2000 Installation
There are four main steps in theWindows 2000 installation process.
The first step of the installationprocess begins by preparing thehard drive for the other stages ofinstallation by copying the files that
are needed to run the setupwizard.
The Setup Wizard begins theinstallation process and installs thesecurity features and configuresthe system devices.
Understanding the Steps in
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Chapter 6 26
Understanding the Steps in
Windows 2000 Installation
After gathering information aboutthe computer, the Windows 2000setup program automaticallyinstalls the network software.
Once the networking componentshave been installed, the Setup
wizard copies additional files toconfigure Windows 2000Professional.
The Setup program continues withthe last step in the installation
process.
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Chapter 6 27
Windows 2000 Setup Options
The Portable installation installsthe options that might be neededwith a portable computer.
The Compact installation isused when installing Windows
2000 on a computer with alimited amount of hard drivespace.
The Custom installation is usedif customized selections for thedevice configurations areneeded.
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Chapter 6 28
Special Installations
Upgrading from Windows
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Chapter 6 29
Upgrading from Windows
NT Workstation 4 to Windows 2000
While doing the upgrade, computers that are still waitingfor their upgrade and are running Windows NT 4.0 willbe able to connect and communicate with the Windows2000 computers.
During the upgrade process the Windows 2000 setup
utility will replace the existing files with Windows 2000files.
It should be verified that the computers meet thehardware compatibility requirements in order to upgradedirectly to Windows 2000.
Cover the 11 step upgrade process.
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Chapter 6 30
Upgrading Windows 9x with Windows 2000
The process for upgradingWindows 9x to Windows
2000 is similar to the
process of upgrading
Windows NT 4.0 to 2000. The hardware compatibility
list tool should be used to
make sure the computers
that are to be upgraded will
work with the Windows 2000
operating system.
Dual Boot Windows 9x/
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Chapter 6 31
Dual Boot Windows 9x/
Windows NT 4/Windows2000
Windows 2000 can be set up to dualboot with Windows 98 operatingsystems.
To dual boot the system, do a freshinstall of Windows 98 before installingWindows 2000.
If the system is set up as dual boot,none of the applications that areinstalled in the other operating systempartition can be used.
Microsoft recommends that if thecomputer is set up to dual boot with
Windows 98 and 2000, both partitionsbe formatted with the FAT file system.
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