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Bonding
A chemical bond is a force that holds atoms together.
Two Types of Bonds
1. Ionic Bond – the attraction between two oppositely charged ions. An ionic bond is formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Ionic bonds form compounds.
Ion – an atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged. It is a
charged particle.
When an atom loses an electron, it loses a negative charge and becomes
a positive ion.When an atom gains an electron, it
gains a negative charge and becomes a negative ion.
Ionic bond
Atoms that gain electrons have a negative valence. (charge)
Atoms that lose electrons have a positive valence. (charge)
2. Covalent Bonding – A type of bonding in which electrons
are shared.
When covalent bonding occurs, molecules are formed.
Covalent Bond
Compound – two or more elements chemically combinedby gaining, losing, or sharing
electrons.
Molecule – a particle made of 2 or more atoms covalently
bonded together.
Chemical formulas – a shorthand way to represent a
compound. ( H2O)
In a chemical formula, the element with the positive
charge is always written first.
Valence number – The number of electrons an atom needs to gain, lose, or share to become
stable. (Gain electrons – negative
valence)(Lose electrons – positive
valence.)
Subscript – the number that shows how many atoms of an element are in the compound.
How to Write Formulas
• 1. Write the symbol correctly for both elements.
• 2. Write the valence number above each symbol. Make sure you have a positive first, and then a negative.
• 3. Criss-cross valences to make a subscript.
• 4. NEVER write 1 as a subscript. (It is understood to be 1 if there is no number.)
• 5. Reduce to lowest terms.
Examples
• Sodium Chloride Aluminum Oxide
• Copper (I) Sulfide Iron (III) Iodide
1. Calcium Sulfide 2. Copper (I)Iodide
3. Potassium Chloride 4. Iron(III) Bromide
5. Sodium Nitride 6. Antimony (V) Oxide
Practice Problems• Aluminum Bromide
• Calcium Iodide• Copper (I) Chloride
• Hydrogen Oxide
• Magnesium Nitride
• Potassium Sulfide
• Barium Fluoride
• Lead Bromide
Binary Compound – a compound composed of 2
elements.
Polyatomic Ion- a group of positively or negatively charged
covalently bonded atoms.
Calcium Phosphate
Tin (IV) Chromate
Ammonium Oxide
Magnesium Sulfate
Naming compounds – change the ending of the second
element to – “ide”.(Do not change the names of
polyatomic ions.)Check to see if Roman numeral
is needed.Ex: NaCl - Sodium Chloride
Fe2O3 – Iron (III) Oxide
Examples
• Zn3N2 ______________________
• K2SO3 ______________________
• CuO ______________________
• Ba(C2H3O2)2 _____________________