Bonded Fuel Energy

8/3/2019 Bonded Fuel Energy

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BONDED FUEL-ENERGY OPERATIONIN

FOUR STROKE ENGINE

Presented by

E. KENNET MARSHAL (3rd Mech.)

A. SURIYA (3rd Mech.)

E-Mail ID : [email protected]

ARULMIGU KALASALINGAM COLLEGE OF ENGG.

ANAND NAGAR, KRISHNAN KOIL 626 110.

VIRUDHUNAGAR DISTRICT.


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CONTENTS

LPG

COMPRESSED AIR WITH SOLAR ENERGY

WHY SUPER CHARGERS ?

LOCATION OF COMPRESSED AIR WITH FUEL

OPERATION OF DUAL FUEL ENGINE

OPERATION SKETCH

SOLAR HEAT REGULATOR

COMPRESSION RATIO

COMBUSTION DESIGN

LUBRICATION


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ABSTRACT

The primary motto of this test analysis deals with the new revolution ofproducing the low maintenance cost and meagre pollute 4 stroke vehicles,

especially cars. One of the another interesting aspect is also hidden over this

test analysis regarding the fuel operation and efficiency. The operation of

supercharger for LPG fuel and the compressed air concept and its ultimate

secret forsolar aspirated fuel.

This test analysis moves in-depth to the low fuel cost and power strokes.

Satisfaction is guaranteed regarding the mileage and vehicle maintenance.

Specially designed dual fuel operation engine is analyzed with the incorporation

of super chargers and compressed air for increasing the B.M.E.P. and

compression ratios. The operational sketches and analysis will give a

satisfactory idea regarding the manufacture of advanced IC engines for

maintaining low maintenance cost and pollution in cars.


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LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS

Now a days gas filling stations are predominantly located in the cities. Its

main composition is propane small proportion of butane and ethane, with

pentane in heavier vapour form.

Propane has high octane number, burns more clearly and saves

maintenance cost.

Propane is gaining as a gasoline substitute because it costs 60% of petrol

and gives 90% mileage of its fellow gasoline.

COMPRESSED AIR WITH SOLAR ENERGY

The purpose of compressed air to use he is Since because of airs

inherent efficiency.

The facts are :

Air is every where

Air contains solar energy

Compressing air is a simple process that makes its internal energy heat.

The energy wasted in compressing air takes the form of heat which acts

as engine fuel and is conservable for reuse.

Two step process in Design efficiency (i.e) compressing and expanding air

creater two opportunities to introduce effective design measures to conserve

energy.

Means of expanding air can be provided to use more of available before

exhausting it by way of relatively efficient air engine.

Means of conserving compressor work can be used by compressed air.


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The idealization of conserving expansion potential is to expand the

compressed air so slowly so that its pressure never goes down, since the heat

pushes pistons is replaced by ambient heat absorbed from the surroundings.

Now by considering the merits of these two fuels, it is passed to thesuperchargers through the carburettor.

WHY SUPERCHARGER?

Since it is merely a compressor that provides denser charge to the engine,

there by enabling the consumption of greater mass of charge with same total

displacement.

Compressor used Centrifugal type.

EFFECT PRODUCED BY SUPERCHARGER

The super charger is only utilised for the liquefied petroleum gas and not

for the compressed air concept. Since because of the possibility of ignition inside

the supercharger when both of the fuels are in contact.

The turbulent effect. Created by the super charger assists in additional

mixing of fuel and air particles.

The temperature of the charge is raised as it is compressed, resulting in

high temperature within the cylinders.


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LOCATION OF COMPRESSED AIR WITH SOLAR ENERGY FUEL

Simultaneously, the compressed air is directed with solar source

separately in IC Engine and it is essential to make the setup that the solar heat

should not have the contact with LPG before entering into the cylinder of IC

Engine.

OPERATION OF DUAL FUEL ENGINE.

This setup is primarily produced for cars with the IC engine as S.I type.

Compressed air with solar heat enters and on the other hand the LPG

from the carburettor also supplied during the suction. Stroke, the piston moves

from TDC to BDC. It is to be noted that the air fuel mixture (i.e) solar heat with

LPG and a proportion of compressed air is passed. The exhaust valve remains

closed.


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At the compression stroke the piston moves to the TDC, The pressure of

the mixture and rises in the cylinder to about 38 bar and 6500c also the heat by

the solar and the correct proportion of compressed air is evoked. The sparkplug

ignites the spark and due to the compression, excess heat by the solar and the

burning of LPG leads to the throw of the piston from IDC to BDC. Now betterpower stroke is obtained.


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GRAPH I:

For the supercharged and solar operated engine compression stroke is

higher than that of naturally aspirated engine.

GRAPH II


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From the graph it is clear that the lowest curve indicates the theoretical

temperature rise with increased pressure ratio. The boost pressure increases so

does the discharge air temperature.

Here the compression air templates with an intake temperature 22oc.

Pressure ratio = 1.6 bar and 62oc

Theoretical supercharged and solar energy operated. Dual engine

(constant volume) pv diagram.

The upper loop (2-3-4-5-6-2) in proportional to useful work performed by

combustion on piston, where as small loop area (0-1-2-7-0) which is the measure

of work done in inducing fresh charge into the cylinder.

It is essential to use 6 cylinder, V type engine with alloy block and head

longitudinal type. Since because of obtaining the raise in cylinders break mean

effective pressure.

Also the actual increase in brake mean effective pressure is basically

determined by the level of boost pressure supercharged system is designed to

deliver.


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SOLAR HEAT REGULATOR

The purpose of the regulator to control the flow of heat inside the cylinder

at a temperature of 450oc to 480oc is sufficient when it is operated with the LPG

fuel.

EFFECT OF COMPRESSION RATIO OVER THESE DUAL FUEL

ENGINEES:

Considering the stroke to bore Ratio :

L:D must be 1.4:1 also L


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For the raise of pressure to 38 bar and temperature to 650oc, the

compression ratio increases over 10:1. The B.M.E.P generated increases toaround 13.2 bar as regarding the graph.

It is wellknown that raise of the engine compression ratio is due to the

increased density of air fuel mixture at the point of ignition, So that when the

energy is released from the piston stroke at compression it is better utilised

again. Hence the thermal efficiency and power developed gets rises.

COMBUSTION DESIGN

Due to the increase in compression, tremendous heat is liberated, that

may leads to the decrease in mechanical efficiency. Hence it is essential.


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1. To make the smallest ratio of chamber surface area to chamber

volume.

2. Quenching provision for mixture to prevent overheating.

3. To incorporate the cooling for exhaust value for burning ocurance.

4. F-head combusting chamber is preferable. Since because of better

thermal and volumetric efficiency.

LUBRICATIONS

The rate of compression stroke is more according to the design of this

dual fuel engine. When the rate of compression increases, the heat generation

in also increased. This is what we need. But it may creates the problems over

engine.

1. Chance of friction and wear to the piston and cylinder.

2. Fuel economy due to combustion

The kind of lubrications suggested are

1. Grade 20 w/40 - multigrade oil

2. SAE 30

3. Full pressure lubrication system is well suited for this engine. This system

favours for high bearing pressure and rubbing speeds. Nourishes the crankshaft,

camshaft and cylinder walls.


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CONCLUSION

The mixing of two alternative fuels such that the LPG and solar heat will

definitely increase the stroke efficiency upto 92% (i.e) The mileage of17km/lit

due to the maximum reach of combustion at power stroke. This contributes the

low pollution factor and low maintenance cost with better economy.

This test analysis will definitely help to improve the emission and pollution

control that is often happening in the automobile industries now a days due to the

increase of vehicles in the countries. Hence the primary task of the engineers

challenge that is reduction of the capital and running cost of engine can be easily

achieved by the method of superchargers and compressed air technique

analysis.


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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Compressed air usages Paresh S. Prakash (IEEE) Member

Superchargers Multi displinary engineers of Indian Association

Solar energy Member Solar Energy Society of India.

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