Blue Print Reading

8/10/2019 Blue Print Reading

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/blue-print-reading 1/19

I n t roduc t ion in to T e c h n ic a l D r a w in g

Drawing EquipmentGood drawings require good drawing equipment:

drawing board, compass, set square, penci ls (e. g. HB=2%,2H=4).rubber, sanding block,pens

Sheet Sizes

D IN A D A 1 A 2 A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6m m 8 41 x1 18 9 5 94 x8 41 4 20 x5 94 29 7x 42 0 2 10 x2 97 14 8x 21 0 1 05 x1 48

Al l s izes can be used vertical ly or hor izontal ly. The space between the notes column and thee d g e o f th e s h e e t i s 5 m m .

0 0

0

0

I f the drawing shhet (DIN A 4) is used hor izontal lythe no tes co lumn is a lways a t the lef t.

Notes column. For school drawing the fo llowing notes column is being preferred:

Class: Date N am e Schaal:

Drawn

Checked

Scale: Drawing

.

Scales

sIB. S 1 :1 =True s ize workpiece Length an drawing

length

S 1:1 S 2:1 S 5:1 S 1:2.5

1 0 2 0 5 0 4

~. S 2:1 =Scaled up 7 1 4 3 5 2 . 8

(S 5 :1, 10 :1) 2 5 5 0 1 2 5 1 0. . . . .~

. . . . . . . . . . 1 . . . .

1 0 5 2 1 0 52 5 4 2

s~-

S 1:2.5 =Scaled down

(1:2, 1 :5 , 1 :10 , 1 :20 , 1 :50 , 1 :100)

The dimensions entered are a lways the actual d imensions of the workpiece

1



conceoled edge

c en t e r l i n e

d ia g o n a l l in e

v i s i b l e e d g e

L in e s

• 1

,

I,

I

I

(ill '-" " --- -

" /'"1'"

I,

I,

I,

• .Ishading

e n d o f t h r e a d

e x t e n s i on l i n e

d im e n s i o n l i n e

T y pe s o f l in eThick-

ness App li cot ion ( see above)m m

Unbr oken l ine 0.7 v is i bl e edges , l im i t o f t h read

(thick) 0.5

Unbr oken l ine 0.35 d i mens ion l ines , ex tens ion l ines ,

(thin) 0.25 shad ing , d iagona l li nes, t h read l i ne

---------- Dash l ine 0.5 c o n ce a le d e d g e sdash:approx. 4 mm

(med ium t h ickness) 0.35g o p : 1 m m

___0_.-D a s h /d o t l in e 0.7 sec ti on l ine

d a s h : a p p r o x . 7 m m

g o p : 1 m m ( th in, shor t ) 0.5

---------

D a s h /d o t lin e 0.35

cen t e r l inedash:approx. 10 mm

( th i n , l ong) 0.25gap : 1 m m

Fr eehand l ine 0.35 b r eak l ine-

( thin) 0.25

Fur ther appl icat ions:

Th i ck unbroken l ine :

Th i n unbroken l ine :

T h ic k d a s h/ do t li ne :

T h in d a s h /d o t lin e :

Wel d ing seams, we l d ing symbo ls , r immi ng

Ref e rence l ines , f o ld i ng edges , c r oss sec t ions

Symbo l f o r l im i ted har den ing

R a d iu s o f g e a r t ee th , h o le c ir cle s ,

mach i n ing a l lowances , ex tended l eng ths .

2



Fla t Angular workp ieces in one e levat ion

I / \ A : J d __

~oftic.. _line

I.

I

I . .

25.4

1.

27

36

.1 1 . D i mens ions a re en te red i n mmi me t res w i thou tmeasu res . A ny dev i a t i ng d i mens i ons mus t be spec i f i edi n the ir co r respond ing measu res .

2 . I n t he l in e g r o u p 0 .5 t he d im e n s io n a r r o w s a r e 2 .5mm l ong bl ackened .

3 . D i m e n s io n lin e s m u s t h a v e a d is ta n c e o f a b o ut 1 0m m f ro m t he o b je c t e d g e a n d 7 m m f ro m p o ra ll eld imens i on l ines . The d imens i ons a re to p l aced abovethe d i mens i on l i nes and shou l d be s tagge red .D i m e n s i o n l i n e s m a y o n l y b e b r o k e n i f s h o r t o f s p o c ei n o rde r to en te r d imens i ons .T h e e x te n s io n li ne s p r o je c t 1 t o 2 m m b e yo n d th ed imens ion l i nes.

4 . D i m n s io n s m u s t b e e i th e r r e a d f r o m b e lo w o r f ro mt he r ig h t. F o r s m a ll d im e n s io n s , e .g . u n d e r 1 0 m m .the a r row s a re p l ace ou ts i de . Shou l d the spoce fo r d i mens ion be tw een the ex tensi on l ines o r the ob jec tedge be i nsu f fi c ien t , d imens i ans a re en te red above thed i mens ion a row s .

ii

-edge.

0L{)

co ~~

21

32

46

49

24

5 . The d imens i on ing s ta r t a t the re fe rence edges . Thesma l les t d i mens i on i s nea res t to the w o rkp iece . Obv ious

d i mens i ons a re no t en te red .

6 . Symmet r ica l w o rkp ieces a re d imens i oned symmet r ica lt o t he c e n te r l in e w h i c h e x te n d 2 -3 m m b e yo n d t heob jec t edge .F l a t w o rkp i eces a re p resen ted i n one e l eva t i on . Thew orkp iece th ickness may be spec if ied w i th in the a reao r n e x t t o it .

Examp l e : t = 2 m m

7 . D im e n s io n li ne s m a y n o t b e d r ow n f r om ( a ) o b je c t

e d g e s. u s e d a s ( b) e x te n s io n li ne s a n d s h a ll n o t b e

(c ) c rossed by o the r d i mens ion l ines .

D i mens i on f i gu res may no t be d i v i ded by l i nes .Cen te r li nes a re to be b roken .

8



F la t R o u n d ed W o r k pie c e s in o n e E le v at io n

2 0

1 . C i r c l es have a c r ass a f cen te r l i nes . Cen te r l i nesa lways en te r sec t on a dash . They a l so beg in and endw i th a dash . Shart cen te r l ines a r e s imp li fi ed t a t hi nunbroken l ines.The d i amete r i s shawn by twa d imens ion a r r ows an

the c i r cumfer ence o r d r awn on t he ex tens i on l i nes o f t he c i r c l e . In t hese cases no d imens ion symbo l w i l l beused .

$$

-------f- IX>

2 8

----- IX>

I. 20 . 1

2 . For ve r y sma ll c i rc l es t he d i amete r d imens ions a r ep laced e t 'h t a r e fe r ence a r r ow po in ti ng a t t he c i rc l e .

The d iamete r symbo l 8 (7 /1 D h ) i s w r i tt en i n f r on t o f t he d imens ion . The same app l i es i f on l y one a r r owc a n b e d r a w n .I f s h o rt o f s p a c e th e d ia m e te r d im e n s io n m a y b e

p laced t oge ther w i t h a d imens ion a r r ow ou t s i de o f t heob jec t edge .

3 . I f sever a l d i amete r s o f t he same s i ze a r e shownon l y one i s t o be d imens ioned . Cen te r li nes may beused as ex tens ion l i nes . They a r e d r awn ou t s i de t heob jec t edge as t h in unb r aken li nes . D i s tances be tweenho les a r e a lways t aken f r om the cen te r p a i n t o f t hehole.

4 . A r a di us i s s y m b o li ze d b y R a n d h a s o n l y o n ed imens ion a r r ow a t t he c i rcumference . The cen te r pa i n t i s f i xed by t he c r oss i ng o f cen te r l i nes . Inobv ious cases t he cen te r po i n t symbo l may beomi t ted.

5 . I f , d u e t o s h a rt ag e o f s p a c e , t he c e n te r p a in t o f t he l a rge r ad i ushas to be b r augh t c l ose t o t he

dr aw ing , the r ad ius d imens ion l i ne shows two r igh tang les . The ex tens ion o f t he d imens ion l ine i s a lwaysd i r ec ted t o he ac tua l cen te r po i n t o f t he r ad i us .

6 . W hen d imensioning s lot ted holes the way o f p r oduc ti on has t o be cons ider ed . E it he r the ho lecen te r s o r t he ho le edges may be d imens ioned .

10



In troduct ion into Three-Dimens iona l Drawing

I . Dimetr ic Drawing

1. Para l le l perspect ive (nat standard ized)

30

1

1

1

01

---~ 1 i. • .

. • .. • .

. • .

2. Dimetr ic drawing accord ing to standard

Angle '" = 45 'W idth: S cale 1 :1

H eig ht: S ca le 1 :1D ep th : S ca le 0 .5 :1

Wh en d n Iwin g o n _ r o d p ape r th e d epth s h o u ld b e s h a rt en « I 0 .7 :1.

In th is case the cfoagonalof the square ' "P' • • • , ,1s 10 mm•

231

1

1

1

I"') I

. : ' ! . . . l ,--- ,

. • .. • .

. • .

I I . Isometr ic Drawing accord ing to standard

AngleWidth:Height:Depth:

'" = 42'. Q , = T

Scale 1:1Scale 1:1Scale 0.5:1

Angle '" = 30'. Q , =30'W idth: S cale 1:1H eig ht: S ca le 1 :1D ep th : S ca le 0 .5 :1

dimetr ic (d i = two) isometr ic ( iso = equal)

Scales: two d i fferent scales one sca le on ly

Show the essent ia l : f ront e levat ion a l l e levat ions

Width: Height: Depth as 1:1:0.5 1:1:1

With p t1 lars one s l<Ir ts fn lm the f runt s ide, wit ll poinbld objects (e .g . cone) fn lm the bot tom • • •• • F irs t d• • •• the bas ic

shape (e .g . cuboid) then dMlop the wOOcpieceshape!

12



D r aw in g s h ow in g T h re e Eleva t ions

•~o S '

" -o S C

B

A F0

E

H J

:c

s i d e v i e w K '"G 0 "~

De ve lopme n t o f 3 e l eva t ion

riA--...•F,,------"O' BA E r

Technica l drawing

I

G K : :c H ' G 0, .~ ,

, If"), ~,

f r o n t :

0e 1 e v O t i o n f0,

,,

,

,

L,

0 M L,

,

I . . 1 I . . 1,,

deP th 35 20,w i d t h

• , • • •

•• •, ,

• l-~B (l!b~.:

~A F : 5 : ~

-------- -- -0.- --_._------, ~

S L-8 'ft.

r . ~ r -- --_._-----------

P o s i ti o n o f e l e v a t io n D i r ec ti o n o f v i ew M ax im u m d im ens i on sw i dt h ( b) h ei gh t ( h) d ep th ( d )

F r o n t e l e v a t io n n o r m a l p o s i ti o n fro m fro n t b h

S id e e l e va t i o n t o r ig h t o f fr o n t e l e v a tio n f ro m le f t h d

T op v iew b e l o w f ro n t e l e v a t io n fr o m a b o v e b d

• E x te n s i o n IIi n e s a n d c e n t e r lin e s m a y n o t r un t h ro u g h f ro m o n e e l e v a ti o n in t o a n o t h e r !E x te n s i o n li n e s o n e d im e n s i o n m o y n o t b e d r o w n f ro m d iff e re n t e l e v a t io n s !E a c h d im e n s i o n is t o b e e n t e r e d o n c e o n l y !

1 4



W o r k pie c e s w i th C o n c ea le d E d g e s

LII

I

I

I

!

II

I

J b - - - - - - ~II

I

I

I

I

1 . Co n c e a l e d e d g e s a re d ra wn a s d a s h l in e s ( t h ic k n e s s 7 /10 o f

un b ro k e n l i n e ) . Th e l e n g h t o f e a c h d a s h d e p e n d s o n t h e l i n e

s i ze o f t h e d ra w i n g . I n o rd e r t o g i ve t h e i mp re s s io n o f a nun b ro k e n l i n e t h e g a p s a re v e ry s ma l l .

[ j = = J f - - - - - - - - - j

.•.-----r-------," I I

'I I',I I

I

I

I

------1-------I

II

G E - - - - - - - - j

2 . D as h l in e s s ta r t a n d e n d w i th a d a s h a t t h e o b je c t e d g e s .

3 . W h e n c h a n g i n g fr o m t h e v is i bl e e d g e t a a c o n c e a l e d e d g e d a s hl in e s t a rt s a n d e n d w i th a g a p .

4 . Da s h li n e s a l wa y s me e t w i t h d a s h e s , f a rm i n g ful l c o me rs .

5 . Co n c e a l e d e d g e s c ro s s o n d a s h e s .

6 . Para l l e l dash l i nes runn ing c lose ly toge the r a re d rawn wi ths t a g g e re d d a s h e s .

DI 1

7 . I f v is i bl e a n d c o n c e a l e d e d g e s c o in s id e t h e v is i bl e e d g e s a red ra wn .

E- r - - - - - - - - - j 8 . If c o n c e a l e d e d g e s a n d t h e c e n te r l in e s c o i n s id e . t h e r c o n c e a l e de d g e s a re d ra wn .

9 . C o n c e a l e d e d g e s ma y o n l y be d i me n s io n e d o f t h e d i me n s io n i n go f v i s ib le edges i s imposs ib le .

I 16



W o rk p ie c es w i th A n g le d S u rfa c e s

M e as ur e t he le ng th o f e dg e a ',--a

R E SU LT : L en gth o f e dg e a in f ro nt e le va tio n 5 0 m m , in s id e

e le va tio n 3 0 m m , a nd in t o p v ie w 4 0 m m . T hu s, i t a p pe ar s

shor tened in s ide e levation and in top v iew.

j - c = = J _ _ _ 31 - 1 . 4 1 . 1

~ I~I . 4 1 . 1

~~

I . 4 1 . 1

1 . T he e d ge a p p ea rs s ho rt en ed w he n t he e nd p oin ts a re a t

unequal d is tances f rom the eye.

2 . T he s lo pe o f a n a n g le d e dg e is d et er mi ne d w he n i ts e nd

points are f ixed by dimensions.

3. The s lope can a lso be d imensioned by angle spec if ication.

4. Normally the t rue length o f angled edges is nat d imensioned.

v' o.

,

1 .. . , /-,/j--

, .

' ] \ )

5. Wi th angular d imension the d imension l ine is a c ircu lar are,

which is drawn at the vertex.

6 . I f p o ss ib le , t he s ha de d a re a, a bo ut 3 0. , s ho uld b ea r n o

d i m e n s i o n s .

I f th is cannot be avoided, the d imensions must be readablef rom the lef t.

I ID~I . 2 5 . 1 ~

I I~I . 38

. 1

7. Square areas are d imensioned at two meet ing s ides.

I f a n e le va ti on is t o b e d im e ns io ne d in w hi ch t he s qu ar e a re

appears as a l ine, the square symbal(7/1 0 o f the d imension

f ig ur e) i st to b e s e t i n f ro nt o f t he d im e ns io n f ig ur e .

1 8



E---3

E---3

Cyl ind r ica l W o rkp ieces

1. When drawing a cyl inder or other symmetr ical workpieces

one storts f rom the center l ine.

F----j] E---3

I . 26 J

dE@~T ~

~

2. S imple workpieces are mostly drown in f ront e levat ion only.If o n e le va tio n in w hic h t he a re a o f a c ir cle a pp ea rs a s a

straight l ine is to be dimensioned the diameter symbol is to

be placed in f ront of the dimension f igure.

3 . I f p os si ble a re as o f a c ir cl e a re t o b e d im e ns io ne d i n th e

e le va tio n w he re t he y a re s ho wn a s a c ir cle . I n t hi s c as e t he

diameter symbol is omitted.

4 . E cc en tr ic c am s a re t o b e s pe 'c if ie d b y t he d is ta nc e b etw ee n

the center l ines.

5. No diameter d imension should be entered i f possible w ithin

the shaded areas. I f this cannot be avoided the dimension

f igure (simi lar to angle specif ication) must be readable f rom

the left.

c .

[-JEI] 6"

I . 200 . 1

t3[~J:ir I . 200 . 1

t=:~E{jI . 200 . 1

Simple long cylinders are shortened by using looped break

l ines; the actual length ofr the workpiece is to be entered.

B re ak l in es a re t o b e d r ow n f re eh an d a s t hin b ro ke n l in es ;

b ro ke n a re as a re s ha de d a t 4 5' .

T he broken area of hollow cylinders (pipes) is marked by

two loop l ines.

I f the round shope is obvious (by dimensioning or a fur ther

elevation) a simple freehand l ine is sufficient.

20



Sections through Cyl inders Paral le l to Rotation Axis

o('oJ

o

o

n

1. If a round object is sectioned parallel to itsrotation axis straight edges are shown.

The limiting line encloses the round objectcompletely only if the flattening covers the wholediameter.

2. If the flattening in front elevation is seen as anarea the object edges in side elevation arerecessed.

Design the s ide e leva t ion!

3. Recessededges of grooves and cut-outs are tobe drawn as well.

Recessededges need not be dimensionedasthey result automatically.

,

- - l - - -,

- - 1 - -,

- - 1 - -

22



Py ram i da l W a r kp ieces

1. Two e levation are most ly suf ficient to i llustrate a

pyramidal workpiece. One elevolion is sufficient for square

bose pyramids.

c : : :==- 1 : 2

2 . T he s lo pe o f a n a re a c an b e g iv en a s s l op e r al io o r i n

percenloge.

For product ion angle of s lope may a lso be enlered.

The d irection of s lope is indicated by lhe symbol ~

parallel 10 the base l ine.

8 - b 20 - 10Slope ~ L 20 ~ 1:4

3. The degree of taper of pyramid-shaped sections

rat io of d if ference in wid lh to lenglh of pyramid.

O f I 8-b ~ 40-20 ~1'2

~reeo a~r ~ L ~.

The taper is ind icated by lhe symbol c : : :==-is placed obove lhe pyramidal elemenl parallel 10cenler l ine and pain ling in d i recl ion of lhe loper.

is the

which

the

Spa nner o pen ing = 20

A A

4. F lat areas in e levat ion are marked as such by d iagonal

l ines, i f not apparent from fulher elevalians.

5 . T he l ru e l en gt h o f a n a ng le i s o n ly s ee n w h en l h e e nd

points are at equal d islance from the eye. The edge

must l ie parallel 10 a projection level. Therefore, the

e dg es a re t urn ed in s uc h a w ay t h aI lh ey a pp ea r i n t h is

posit ion. Two e levalion are needed to conslruct the l rue

length.

24



e l ev a t i o n

F u l l S e c ti on

1. Inner edges are shawn by sections running along the

center line.

One assumes that the front half of the workpiece is cut

away.

The section areas are shaded, not the hollow spaces.

~ __ lIJq~~

2. The shading l ines are the thin unbroken l ines which areangled at 45' to the center l ine or angled to the base

edge.

3. The smaller the section area the closer the shading l ines.

4. Very narrow areas (e.g. angles in crass sections) areblackened. Blackened areas of different pieces are slightly

separated.

5. Angled section areas are shaded at 45' to main

d i r e c t i o n .

6. Assembled workpieces are identified by apposite or varied

shading.

Section areas of one abject are always shaded in the

s a m e d i r ec t i o n .

7. In order to insert dimension f igures the shading has to

be broken.

8. No visible edges run through section areas ~ concealed

edges in section drawings are to be avoided, if possible.

2 6



H a lf S ec tio n - P ar t S ec tio n

1. H alf sections show only one half of the w orkpiece in

sect ion; other half appears in elevation.

Both halves are seperated by the center l ine only.

Concealed edges are to be avoided, if possible.

2. Inner diameters and similar dimensions are marked withone dimension arrow only in the cut half . The dimension

line is drawn beyond the center l ine into the elevation .

I . 0 4 0. 1

~•.:..o~. ,

3. Most ly the low er half or the r ight hal f o f the w orkpiece

is drawn in sect ion.

4. Simple workpiece parts such as solid shaft, bolts, r ivets,

s c r e w s , w e b s e t c . a r e n o t d r a w n i n s e c t io n .

b i l l l

2

S. Part sections (cut v iew s) are draw n of w orkpieces w hich

are not supposed to be draw n in section.

Part sect ions are marked by thin f reehand l ines.

6. The d imensioning of a 4S' chamfer can be combined in

one dimension. All other chamfers are to be dimensioned

by width and angle of chamfer.

28



D r aw in g o f T h re a d s

core-0

1 . T he o ute r d ia me te r o f t he o ute r th re ad is d r ow n a s a

thick unbroken l ine, the core diameter as a thin

unbroken l ine. T he distance between the thick and the

thin l ines represents the thread depth.

c o r e d i am e te r ~ o u t er d i am e te r

2 . L oo kin g i n d i re ct io n o f t h e s ha ft e nd t he c or e d ia m et er

appears as a three-quarter c ircle in any posit ion.

3 . E nd s of s cr ew s a r e m o s tl y r ou nd ed o r c o ne -s ha pe d. T her ad iu s o f t he r ou nd ed e nd e qu als r ou gh ly t he o ut er

diameter.

T he c on e- sh ap ed e nd is c h am fe re d f ro m t he c or e

diameter at 45'.

T he c or e d ia m et er o f t he in ne r t hr ea d - a s o p po se d t o

t he o ut er t hr ea d - is d ro wn a s a t hi ck u nb ro ke n li ne ,

t he o ut er d ia m et er a s a t hin u nb ro ke n l in e.

N o t e : . T h e t h i n u n b r o k e n l i n e l i e s a l w a y s a t t h e s i d e o f m a t e r i a l:sh ad i n g u p t o t h e t h i c k u n b ro ken l i n e .

,,-"'====

.<t:t~~~:..

5 . A ll l in es o f t he c on ce ale d t hr ea d a re d ro wn a s i nv is ib le

edges.

T he thin three-quarter c ircle becomes a fu ll c ircle shown

in broken l ine.

6 . T he th re ad e nd is to b e d ro wn a s a th ic k u nb ro ke n lin e

u p t o t he o ut er d ia m et er . T he o ut er t hr ea ds h av e o nl y

short thread end l ines in sect ion drawing.

dimension are:

Outer d iameter. T he thread symbolis set in f ront

of the dimension f igure.

e.g. M 10. M 18xI.5.2", w 104xl/6". R4". Tr 20x4. Rd

16xl/8".5 12x2.2" left (double threod)

Useful length of thread

Length of shaft w ith end, or respectively depth of

core hole w ithout a dr il l cone.Dr i l l c o n e an d i n n e r c h am f e r h av e an an g l e o f 1 2 0 ' a n d a r e n o t

d im en sio n ed .

M 127 . T o be

0 )

<Xl coen C'J en

N C'J

b)

c)

3 0





D IN 3 14 1 R e ih e 2 \j w vv v v v v v

'-(j)

D I N 3 1 4 1 R e ih e 3...c \j W v v v v v v v[f)

...0

R a u h tie fe R t 1 6 0 1 0 0 6 3 4 0 2 5 1 6 1 0 6 .3 4 2 .5 1 .6 1

R auhe i t s k l assenN 1 2 N 1 0 N 6 N 1

( ve rm e iden ) N 1 1 N 9 N 8 N 7 N 5 N 4 N 3 N 2

::) M i t ten rauh w er t(j)

R a in u m 2

) 5 0 25 12 .5 6 .3 3 .2 1 .6 0 .8 0 .4 0 .2 0 .1 0 .0 5 0 . 0 25

c

G em i tt e lt e R auh -1 6 0 1 0 0 6 3 4 0 2 5 1 6 1 0 6 .3 4 2 .5 1 .6 1 0 . 6 3 0 .4 0 .2 5

t ie fe R z

in u m 2)



"

PROJECTION

SYSTEMSOF PROJECTION

Two sys tems o f p rojec tion , known respect ive ly as F IRST ANGLE (European) and lH lRD

ANGLE (Ameri can) a re approved intemat ion il y and a re regarded as be ing o f equal s ta tus .

T h e s ys te m o f p ro je ct io n u s ed o n 0 drow ing should be ind ica ted by the oppropriatesymbol ( see F ig . 8 ).

Otherw ise the d irect ion in wh ich the v iews a re taken should be c learl y i nd ica ted ,

PRO JECTION SYM BOL

First ongle

Thi rd angle

-8

FIG. 8. SYMBOLS INDICATINGMElHOD O F PROJECTION

In F IRST ANGLE projec tion each v iew shows what wou ld be seen by look ing on the for

s ide o f an ad jacen t

v iew (see F ig . 9 ) .

I

SI

Distinct ive symbol for

f irs t angle pro ject ion

F ig . 9 . P ipe bend, f ir st ong le p rojec tion



I n T H IR D A N G L E p ro je c tio n e a ch v ie w s h ow s w h a t w o uld b e s e en b y l oo kin g o n t h e n ea r s id e o f a n

ad jacen t

v ie w ( se e F ig . 1 0 ).

D i st in c ti ve s y m b o l f or

t h ir d a n g le p r o je c t io n

F ig . 1 0 . P ip e b e n d, t hi rd a n g le p r oje c ti on

T ITL E

C U S T O M E R

T O L E R A N C E S

X .X X ?0 .01

X .X X " ~

X .X X " ~

M A T E R I A L

S U R F A C E R O U G H N E S S

\7 R O U G H

\7 \7 M E D IU M

VVV F INE

D E S I G N E D

DRA W NM OL D IN G M AC HIN E C HE CK ED

A P P R O V E D

UNIT C J C O M P A N Y@

I

P A G E



+

o

C H A R T O F S E LE C T E D F IT S( S H A FT B A S IS S Y S TE M )

C lea l -anc e

( G r ap h a p p ro x im a te ly to s c a le )

T r an s i t i o n I n t e r f e r e n ce

HOL E SHAF T T O lERANCES

T Y P E O F F I T T OL E -R A N C E S h - 6 h - 7 h - 9 h - 1

C - 1 1~

Coorse runn ing~~/ <// /' ~

,

'~Me d ium ru nn in g D-lO

/~

Ug h t ru nn in g E - 9 ~;;~~

C L E A R A N C E /~Prec ision runn ing F - 8 ~://~/~ ./;;t;

Prec ision runn ing G- 7~

Close Sl id ing H- 7 I;~//.. /Locot iono l f it K - 7 V//~//

T R A N S IT IO N

r~,Push f i t N- 7

Dr ive f i t P - 7 ~

IN T E R F E R E N C E //

Force f i t 5- 7 ~>//,/

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