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ANATOMY OF THE HEART
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HEARTA hollow muscular, cone-shape, pumping organAbout the size of a CLOSED FISTWeighs about 300g, located w/in the mediastinum
(2nd rib -> BASE)
(6th rib ->APEX)
FUNCTIONWorks hand in hand -> RESPIRATORY SYSTEM -> GAS EXCHANGE and DISTRIBUTIONResponsible -> EJECTING and PUMPINGSYSTEMIC and PULMONARY circulation
HANAP VID PUMPING ACTION
STRUCTURE OF THE HEART
LAYERSEndocardium (innermost) -> endothelial tissue
lining the inner chambers and heart valves
Myocardium (middle) -> striated muscle fibers forming interlaced bundles -> CONTRACTION
Pericardium (outermost) -> squamous epithelial cells overlies connective tissue
*PARIETAL PERICARDIUM*PERICARDIAL SPACE
CHAMBERS OF THE HEART RECEIVING AND COLLECTING CHAMBERS -> RA AND LA DISCHARGING AND PUMPING CHAMBERS -> RV AND LV
VALVES OF THE HEART
TRIcuspid -> 3 LEAFLETS◦ Right side of the heart◦ Separates RA from the RVBIcuspid -> 2 LEAFLETS◦ Left side of the heart◦ Separates LA from the LVPULMONIC -> RV to PAAORTIC-> LV to A
BLOOD CIRCULATION
PULMONARY and SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION
SINOATRIAL NODE-pacemaker-initiates each heartbeat-generates electrical impulses at 60 to 100 times per minute
ATRIOVENTRICULAR NODE- Recieves electrical impulses form SA node- If SA NODE fails, AV NODE can intiates 40 to 60 beats per minute
BUNDLE OF HIS- Continuation of AV NODE- - braches into the right bundle branch, which extends down the right side of
interventricular septum, and the left bundle branch, which extends into the left ventricle
PURKINJE FIBERS
- diffuse network of conducting strands located beneath the ventricular endocardium
- spread the wave of depolarization through ventricles
CONDUCTIVITY SA node -> impulses -> A contracts -> AV
NODE -> delay impulses -> AV BUNDLES activated -> diffuses impulses -> PURKINJE FIBERS -> V contraction
The pump needs electricity to work. The human heart has a similar need for a power source and
also uses electricity.
ELECTROPHYSIOLOGIC AUTOMATICITY
-> spontaneous & repetitively beats
-> ability to generate electrical impluse
CONDUCTIVITY
->ability to pass impulse to the next cell
CONTRACTILITY
EXCITABILITY
-> ability to depolarize in response to a stimulus
REFRACTORINESS-> heart’s inability to respond to a new stimulus
CARDIAC CYCLE