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Blood & Circulation Unit 10. Introduction. Blood is the primary transportation fluid of the body. Two of its most important functions are transportation and protection. Blood Composition. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Blood & Circulation
Unit 10
Introduction
Blood is the primary transportation fluid of the body. Two of its most important functions are transportation and protection.
Blood Composition
Blood is a fluid tissue that has many chemicals dissolved in it and millions upon millions of cells floating in it.
Blood Composition
Blood – Mostly made of water. The body’s cells depend on food, oxygen & salt delivered through the circulatory system for survival.
Blood Composition
Blood – The average adultshas approximately 6 litersof blood in their body.
(7%-9% of total body wt.)
Blood Composition
Blood is made of two components:1.Plasma – liquid part2.Formed Elements – cells
& cell fragments
Blood Composition
Plasma - Plasma ProteinsAlbumins – thickens blood
Globulins – protects us from infections
Fibrinogen – needed for blood to clot
Blood Composition
Plasma - SerumContains antibodies which
can be used to treat patients with specific antigens.
Blood Composition
Plasma - SerumAntibody – substance that
destroys or deactivates a foreign matter (antigen) that attacks the body
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – 3 Kinds
Red Blood Cells – RBC(erythrocytes)White Blood Cells – WBC(leukocytes)Platelets - Thrombocytes
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Red Blood Cells – RBCFunctions:1.Transports CO2 from cells
to lungs.2.Transports O2 from lungs
to cells.
Blood Composition
Oxygen – carried in red blood cells as oxyhemoglobin.
Wastes - dissolved in the blood and carried to excretory organs.
Blood Composition
Every second there are approximately 2 million RBC’s produced by the body.
How happy are they Jimmy?
Happier than an oxygenated red blood cell!
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBCFunction:1.Defend body from
microorganisms that invade tissues or bloodstream
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBC2.Phagocytosis – process bywhich phagocytes ingestand digest foreign matterattacking cells/tissues
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBC3.Provide immunity fromcertain infections/diseases
(antibodies)
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – White Blood Cells – WBCTypes:1.Granular – granules in
their cytoplasm2.Nongrannular – no
granules in cytoplasm
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesFunction:1.Essential for blood
clotting
Platelet
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesVitamin K stimulates livercells to produce prothrombin(blood protein) which causesfaster clotting.
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesVitamin K Food Sources:fruits, vegetables
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesClot FormationPlatelets turn sticky to startforming clot, fibrinogen (plasmaprotein) is combined withthrombin (protein) forming fibrin
Blood Composition
Formed Elements – Platelets – ThrombocytesFibrinA fibrous gel made of whatappears to be a tangle of finethreads. RBC’s are in thetangle.
Fibrin
Blood Composition
Normal Values (per cubic mm)
RBC’s - 4.2-5.8 Million
WBC’s – 5-9 Thousand
Platelets – 250-400 Thousand
Blood Types
ABO System Four different blood types:
Type A Type BType ABType O
Blood Types
ABO System Blood types are determined bythe antigen present in the RBC’sof the person’s blood at birth.The person can only accept blood with compatible antigen.
Blood Types Blood Type Antigen
Type A “A” Antigen
Type B “B” Antigen
Type AB“A” & “B” Antigens
Type O No Antigens
Blood Types
ABO System
Type O Universal Donor
Type AB Universal Recipient
Blood Types
Rh SystemRh Positive – RBC’s containadditional antigen called Rh
(First discovered in Rhesus monkeys)
Rh Negative – Rh Antigen does not exist
Blood Types Blood Type Antigen
A+“A” Antigen
Rh Antigen
A- “A” Antigen
B+“B” Antigen
Rh Antigen
B- “B” Antigen
Blood Types Blood Type Antigen
AB+“AB” Antigen
Rh Antigen
AB- “AB” Antigen
O+No Antigens
Rh Antigen
O- No Antigens
Blood Types
ABO System
Type O- Universal Donor
Type AB+ Universal Recipient
Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
Baby from Rh Positive fatherand Rh Negative mother inherits the Rh Positiveantigen from father. Mother’sbody creates antibodies against baby’s Rh+ blood.
Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
The FIRST baby born is not affected. This condition is adanger to future pregnanciesif the mother is not treated upon delivering the first baby.
Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
Treatment – RhoGam Blood protein given by way of injection to mother upon delivery of first baby.
Blood DisordersErythroblastosis Fetalis
Treatment – RhoGam Stops the mother’s body fromforming anti-Rh antibodies preventing harm to next Rhpositive baby.
Blood DisordersAnemia
The inability of blood to carry sufficient oxygen to the body cells due to decreased RBC’s.Causes: Trauma, Ulcers, Radiation, Infection
Blood DisordersPolycythemia
The thickening of blood caused by an overproduction of RBC’s in bone marrow.Can actually be too thick to flow properly.
Blood DisordersSickle Cell Anemia
Severe, sometimes fatal hereditary disease. When O2
is low in these patients, crystals form causing RBC’s to become deformed.
Blood DisordersSickle Cell Anemia
A drug called hydroxyurea has been shown to help reduce symptoms and even prevent sickle cell crisis.
Blood DisordersLeukopenia
Abnormally low WBC count.(under 5000/cubic mm)
AIDS is one example of a cause of leukopenia
Blood Composition
Normal Values (per cubic mm)
RBC’s - 4.2-5.8 Million
WBC’s – 5-9 Thousand
Platelets – 250-400 Thousand
Blood DisordersLeukocytosis
Abnormally high WBC count.(over 10,000/cubic mm)
More common than leukopenia and usually associated with infections.
Blood DisordersLeukemia
Malignant high WBC count.(can be > 30,000/cubic mm)
“Blood Cancer”The WBC’s do not function properly. Body not able to effectively defend self.
Blood DisordersThrombus
Stationary blood clot.
Blood DisordersEmbolus
Clot which moves throughout bloodstream.
Blood DisordersHemophelia
Inherited disorder. Failure of the body to form clotting
factors VIII, IX or XI
Blood DisordersHemophelia
Treatment: Extraction of these factors from donated
blood. (purified to decrease chances of transmitting viral diseases – HIV)
End Of Lecture