Bipv Final Reprint 2009 Final Pp

8/8/2019 Bipv Final Reprint 2009 Final Pp

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UILDINGINTEGRATEDPHOTOVOLTAICS> A NEW DESIGN OPPORTUNITY FOR ARCHITECTS



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> WHY BUILDING INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLTAICS (B

Photovoltaics (PV) convert light into electricitydirectly, without emissions and when it is needed.The system can be used decentralized. This meansit can be deployed in close proximity to the useravoiding energy looses by long transportation.

PV that is integrated into the fabric of a buildinghas become very popular in Europe. Known asBuilding Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) they can beused on both new and existing buildings. Their usein the building envelope is very varied and opensmany opportunities for creative designers.Many architects have already integrated PVsuccessfully in their buildings.

› Front and back cover image: Energie AG, Linz, Austria - www.ertex-solar.at



›FutureenergyuseinbuildingsThe public is becoming more and more sensitiveto the economic and ecological consequencesof global warming and environmental devastation.The objective is to replace the use of fossil fuel energywith renewable forms of energy, and to move inthe direction of rational energy use. In the domainof building construction, this leads to new legislationframeworks and radical changes in how we designour buildings.Design strategies and techniques to make useof solar energy and cut down total energy demandare under development worldwide. Many “zero energy”homes and ofces have already been built.On an average year these buildings do not needany outside sources of energy while they are in use.

However, energy is still required to construct thebuildings and to pull them down at the end oftheir lifetime.

To create truly sustainable buildings our long termgoal must be to design and construct buildings that donot need more energy over their entire life than theycan produce. For this reason our buildings need to be

converted from energy users to energy producers!

Steps in this direction are:

1. Conserve as much energy as possible2. Increase energy efficiency3. Use active solar systems, such as solar thermal

and photovoltaics

BIPV systems are able to contribute significantlyto meet the goal of true sustainable building design.Electricity will be the only power source needed

in our future sustainable buildings. A building integratePV system is therefore a future-oriented investment!



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› Capilla del Hombre, Ecuador - Isofoton



›FrameworkconditionsfortheuseofBIPVSystems

A BIPV system will be integrated successfully if it isincorporated into the building fabric with good design

and structure and with a sensible energy concept.Increasing façade performance expectations haveled to the envelope to become a more complex andmultifunctional element of a building.New technological developments allow radical changesto the design of façades and roofs.While designing the building exterior we need to beaware that the use of PV as part of the envelope isimportant. But it is only one aspect out of a long listof building envelope performance expectations whichneed to be considered. To accomplish all these buildingperformance expectations PV building products should

not only produce electricity, but also be able to fullother functions.PV buildings products can be truly multifunctional.

›PV:anewdesignelementforbuildings

Today PV can be used in the building envelopeto provide :

› Weather protection

› Heat insulation› Sun protection

› Noise protection

› Modulation of daylight and

› Security



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› Kindergarden Remerschen, Luxemburg - Alwitra



> EXAMPLES OF ARCHITECTURAL SUCCESSFUL BIPV

Our built environment allows for many kindsof PV applications to be integrated into differentparts of the building fabric. PV is applied to:

› Roofs

› External building walls

› Semi-transparent façades

› Skylights

› Shading systems

›Roofs

Roofs are ideally suited for PV integration. Usuallythere is less shadowing at roof height than at groundlevel. Roofs often provide a large, unused surfacefor integration. A distinction between pitchedand at roofs must be made.

›PitchedRoofs

PV modules can easily be xed on top of pitched roofs.This type of low-cost application is often usedfor private homes and existing roofs and is known asBuilding Adapted PV (BAPV). A more elegant wayto integrate PV is to use PV Shingles or PV Tiles.The PV module is mounted like any shingle or tileand the work can be carried out by a roong contractor.

›FlatRoofs

Flat roofs have the advantage of good accessibility,easy installation and provide a free choice forthe orientation of the PV units. Care must be takenduring the xing of the array to avoid breakingthe integrity of the roof. The added weight of the PVarray on the roof must be considered, as must

the uplifting force of the wind, which can blowthe modules away.



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› OpTIC Project, St Asaph, Wales, UK - www.technium.co.uk



›ExternalBuildingWalls

PV modules can be added to existing walls to improvethe aesthetic appearance of the façade. They are s implyadded on to the structure. There is no need to providea weather-tight barrier as this role is already performedby the structure underneath the modules.

PV modules can also be an integral part of the building

façade. Glass PV laminates, replacing conventionalcladding material, are basically the same as tinted glass.They provide long-lasting weather protection and canbe tailor-made to any size, shape, pattern and colour.PV modules can be also congured as a multifunctionalbuilding element.



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› SCHOTT Ibèrica SA, Barcelona, Spain - www.gipv.de



›Semi-TransparentFaçades

Glass PV laminates can be applied to windowsproviding a semi-transparent façade. The transparencyis normally achieved using either of the followingmethods:

›The PV cell can be so thin or laser grooved that it

is possible to see through. This will provide a lteredvision to the outside. Semitransparent thin-lmmodules are especially appropriate for this application.Another option is to use semi-transparent crystallinesolar cells.

›Crystalline solar cells on the laminate are spacedso that partial light lters through the PV moduleand illuminates the room. Light effects from thesepanels lead to an ever changing pattern of shades inthe building itself. The room remains shaded, yet not

constrained.

Adding layers of glass to the base unit of

a semitransparent PV glass module can offer for

example thermal and acoustic insulation. Other specialrequirements can also be designed according to theindividual requirements of each application. SuchPV glass modules are truly multifunctional buildingcomponents.



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› University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK - BP Solar



›Skylights

Skylight structures are usually one of the mostinteresting places to apply PV. They combine theadvantage of light diffusion in the building whileproviding an unobstructed surface for the installation

of PV modules or laminates.In this type of application, PV elements provide bothelectricity and light to the building. The PV modules

and support structures used for this type of application

are similar to those used in semi-transparent glass

façades. The structures, which may be unspectacularfrom the outside, produces fascinating light hallwaywalks and oors and allow a stimulating architecturaldesign of light and shadow.



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› Sunbury Building, Ashford, UK- BP Solar



›ShadingSystemsThere is a growing need for carefully designed shadingsystems due to an increase in the use of large windowopenings and curtain walls in today’s architecture.PV modules of different shapes can be used as shading

elements above windows or as part of a overheadglazing structure. Since many buildings already providesome sort of structure to shade windows, the useof PV shades should not involve any additional loadfor the building structure. The exploitation of synergyeffect reduce the total costs of such installations andcreate added values to the PV as well as to the buildingand its shading system. PV shading systems may alsouse one-way trackers to tilt the PV array for maximumpower while providing a variable degree of shading.



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› Eden Project, Cornwall, UK - www.solarcentury.com



› BIPV systems are highly reliable in the long term.The average guarantee for this type of buildingproduct is 20-25 years.

› PV will be cost competitive with retail electricityprices in Southern Europe by 2015. Central and

Northern Europe will follow ve to ten years later.› The energy-payback time of PV systems is between

1 and 3 years depending on cell type and location.› PV modules are almost maintenance-free.› PV modules is a strategic business area

with very high growth potential, especially inthe building sector.

› The Average Economic Pay back time of a PV systemis about 10 years when adapted support schemes arein place. Afterwards, the annual return of investmentis approximately 7% of the initial investment.

150€ 300€ 450€ 600€ 750€ price € /m2

Laminated glass

Laminated glass screen printed

Laminated glass with low-e-coating and P

Louvers

Standard PV-Modules

Parapet Unit

Heat Insulated Glass with low-e-coating

Heat Insulated Glass with PV

Marble

conventional

with PV

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› PV modules, unlike any other building materials,produce energy and therefore allow a building ownerto recover the initial cost of their investment.

> FACTS ABOUT BIPV



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›Books

›Abbate, Cinzia (Edcompiute". "ProgeAgency". Roma: G

›Bouwmeester, He

Building Solar SuBoxtel: Æneas. 19

›DGS (Ed.). "Plannarchitects and eng

›Hagemann, Ingo Bder Photovoltaik inISBN 3-481-01776

›Humm, Ottmar; Tovon Solarzellen in

›Prasad, Deo; SnowMulgrave: Images

›Webpages ARCHITEKTURBÜRO HAGEMANNwww.gipv.de European Photovoltaic Industry Associationwww.epia.org

European Photovoltaic Technology Platform (Fact Sheets) www.eupvplatform.org

EU Sunrise project

www.pvsunrise.euIEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (PVPS)

www.iea-pvps-task10.orgInternational Energy Agency (IEA)www.pvdatabase.comPV Databasewww.pvdatabase.org

> FURTHER INFORMATION RESOURCES



ARCHITEKTURBÜROHAGEMANNArchitects and BIPV-ConsultantsDr.-Ing. Ingo B. Hagemann

Hubertusstrasse 18D-52064 Aachen - [email protected]

WIP-RenewableEnergiesDipl.-Ing. Ingrid WeissDipl.-Ing. Silvia CanevaSylvensteinstrasse 281369 Muenchen - Germany

[email protected]@wip-munich.dewww.wip-munich.de

> CREDITS & CONTACTS



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: w w w . b l i s s c o m m u n i c a t i o n . c o m

This brochure has been prepared and published in the frame of the European SUNRISE Projectin collaboration with the European Photovoltaic Technology Platform, and nanced byThe 6th European Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development.PV Sunrise partners are:› EPIA - European Photovoltaic Industry Association› WIP - Renewable Energies› FIEC - European Construction Industry Federation

› AIE - European Association of Electrical Contractors› UIA - International Union of Architects www.pvsunrise.eu

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Bipv Final Reprint 2009 Final Pp