BiomoleculesCarbon Compounds

MacromoleculesOrganic Molecules

Ch. 2-3Page 46-49 in your book

Macromolecules

• “Giant molecules” • Four types of organic macromolecules

-Carbohydrates-Lipids (fats)-Proteins-Nucleic acids

Monomers – small single unit that builds polymersPolymers- many of the small units built together

for a large molecule

Carbohydrates

• Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio

• Functions:-Main source of energy

for living things-Structural purposes in plants

• Examples: simples sugars- glucose, complex carbs- starch

Carbohydrate Structure

• Glucose- C6H12O6- (Monomer)

• Starch- (Polymer)

Lipids• Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

(mostly hydrogen and carbon)• Functions:

-Store energy (more energy than carbs)-Cell membranes- Insulation (keep warm)

• Examples: fats, oils, waxes• Many are made of a

glycerol and a fatty acid(No monomer/polymer)

Lipid Structure

• Glycerol and 3 Fatty Acids

• No monomer- just one structure

Proteins• Contain carbon, hydrogen,

oxygen, and nitrogen• Made of a chain of amino

acids (monomer)• Functions:

-Control the rate of reactions (enzymes)-Regulate cell processes-Form bones and muscle-Transport substances in and out of cell-Help fight disease

Protein Structure

• Monomer- Amino Acid

• Polymer- Polypeptide Chain

Nucleic Acids

• Contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus

• Made of nucleotides• Functions:

-Store and pass on genetic information

• Examples: DNA, RNA

Nucleic Acid Structure

• Nucleotide- 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base- monomer

• Polymer- DNA/RNA