Biometrics 97

8/14/2019 Biometrics 97

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Group 1: RUTURAJ ACHAREKAR (01)

MANASI UBALE (02)

PAYAL BHAYANI(03)

VAIBHAV SONI(04)


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BIOMETRICS

Definition:-

Biometrics is the identification or verification ofhuman identity through the measurement ofrepeatable physiological and behavioral

characteristics

By using biometrics a person could be identified basedon "who she/he is" rather then "what she/he has" (card,token, key) or "what she/he knows"(password, PIN).


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BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF

BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES:Universality:

Uniqueness:Permanence:

Collectability:

Performance:.

Acceptability:

Circumvention:


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Working principle:

Enrollment principle :

A sample of the biometric trait is captured,processed by a computer, and stored for later

comparison.

Verification principle :

In this mode biometric system authenticates a

persons claimed identity from their previouslyenrolled pattern.


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Major components of a biometricsystem:

Data collection Signal processing

Matching

Decision

Storage

Transmission

BIOMETRIC SYSTEMARCHITECTURE


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Raw dataExtracted

features Template

Authentication decision

Data

collection Signal

processing

Matching Storage

Match

score

DecisionApplication

Biometric System Model


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CATEGORIES OF

BIOMETRICSBiometrics can be sorted into two classes:

Physiological:- Examples-

face,fingerprints,hand geometry and irisRecognition,dna.

Behavioral :-Examples -signature and voice.

HAND GEOMETRY Bio-Signature pen


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Various Biometrics types: DNA Fingerprinting

Vein Thermogram

Face RecognitionFingerprint

Hand & Finger Geometry

Iris ScanRetina Scan

Signature Verification

Voice Recognition


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DNA Fingerprinting0.1% DNA would be unique for a person

Identical Twins do not have same DNA

Benefits: Accurate

Weakness:

Not in Real-Time

Physical sample should be taken

Used in Forensic Application, PaternityDetermination, etc.


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Vein ThermogramPattern of Blood Veins is unique, even for twins

When exposed to IR rays, veins appear black

Merits: Can be done only if person is alive

Difficult to forge

Weakness: Much time consuming, Challenging

in uncontrolled Environments


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Iris

ScanScans over 200 points of the Iris

Merits:

Not affected by Glasses, Contact Lens, evenSurgery

Twins also have different iris

Easier to detect Artificial Irises

Demerits: User should Remain Still, ExpensiveUsed in ID Cards, Passports, Border Control,

Restricted Areas


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Signature

Verification

Physical Activity of Signing: Stroke Order,Pressure applied & Speed measured

Most insecure form of Biometric Device

Professional Forgers can fool the system

People may not sign in identical manner

Used in providing access to Documents,Banking Services, etc

Bio-Signature pen


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Voice

Recognition

Based on Shape & Size of Vocal Tracts,

Mouth, Nasal Cavity and LipsTwo types of system:

Text-dependent Systems

Text-independent Systems

Demerits: Sensitive to noise, Notappropriate for large scale application

Used in Phone Based Applications


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Which biometric method /product is best?

Depends on the applicationreliability

security

performance

cost

user acceptance

liveness detectionusers that are unsuitable

size of sensor


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APPLICATION

Access controlTo devicesCellular phones

Logging in to computer, laptop, or PDACars

Guns, gun safes

To local services

Debitting money from cash dispenserAccessing data on smartcard

To remote servicesE-commerce

E-business


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APPLICATION

Physical access controlTo high security areas

To public buildings or areas

Time & attendance control

Identification Forensic person investigation

Social services applications, e.g. immigration orprevention of welfare fraud

Personal documents, e.g. electronic driverslicense or ID card


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Limitations Of BiometricSystems

Noise in Sensed Data

Intra-class Variations

Distinctiveness

Non-universalitySpoof Attacks


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ConclusionBiometric technology has great potential

There are many biometric products around,based on different biometric technologies

Shortcomings of biometric systems due to

manufacturers ignorance of security concerns lack of quality control


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