Biometrics techniques

BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUESPresented To:Dr.Ayman Taha

Presented By:Noha Hesham & Moataz Mahmoud

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OUTLINEIntroduction

User Authentication Approaches What is Biometrics

Biometrics techniques Requirements for an ideal biometric Different Types of biometrics techniques Different biometrics techniques concept Biometric techniques factors of evaluation Comparison of biometric techniques Biometrics Identification & Verification

Biometrics System StagesFingerprint TechnologyFingerprint Threats

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INTRODUCTION

User Authentication Approaches

Use Something that you KnowEx. Password, PINCan be Forgotten

Use Something that you haveEx. Credit Card, Keys

Can Be lost

Automated measurement of Physiological and/or behavioral characteristics to Determine or authenticate identity

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Automated measurement of Physiological and/or behavioral characteristics to Determine or authenticate identity Automated measurement

No human involvement. Comparison takes place in Real-Time

Physiological and/or behavioral characteristics Behavioral as User speaks, typing on keyboard, name signature. Physiological as Fingerprint, Hand, Eyes, Face

Determine or authenticate identity

INTRODUCTION “WHAT IS BIOMETRICS”

Identification Systems Verification Systems

1. Who am I?2. Determine Identity

1. Am I who I claim to be?2. Authenticate Identity

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Requirements for an ideal biometricUniversality

Each person should have the characteristicUniqueness

No two persons should have same characteristicPermanence

The characteristic should not changePerformance

Accuracy, speed, robustness, resource requirementsAcceptability

Extend to people willing to accept a characteristicFaked protection

How easy is to fool the system by fraudulent methods

BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUES

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Different Type of biometrics techniques

Identification and verification: Fingerprint scan Face recognition ( Facial scan ) Retina scan Iris scan

Verification only: Hand Geometry Keystroke Dynamics Mouse Dynamics Gait Dynamics ( how people walk ) Voice Print Signature


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Different biometrics techniques concept

1. Fingerprint scan:Measures unique characteristics in a fingerprint (minutiae) Crossover Core Bifurcations Ridge ending Island Delta Pore


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2. Facial scan:Uses off-the-shelf camera to measure the following facial features: Distance between the eyes. Distance between the eyes and nose ridge. Angle of a cheek. Slope of the nose. Facial Temperatures.


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3. Retina scan:Measures unique characteristics of the retina : Blood vessel patterns Vein patterns


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4. Iris scan:Measures unique characteristics of the iris : Ridges (rings) Furrows Striations (freckles)


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5. Hand Geometry scan:Measures the top and side of the hand, not the Palm

Hand Geometry. Most widely used technique for physical access. INSPASS System


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6. Keystroke Dynamics:Measures the time between strokes and duration of key pressed.

Used in systems with keyboards.


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7. Mouse Dynamics:Researched and identified mouse movement categories and features.

• Mouse Movement Categories • Mouse Trajectory ( Path )

System wake up Move and click Highlight Drag and drop

• Mouse Click• Mouse wheel spin or scroll• Mouse activity time


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8. Gait Dynamics:Recognize persons with the use of a standard cameras in any conditions.

Particularly studied it may enable identification at distance


http://perso.wanadoo.fr/fingerchip/biometrics/types/gait.htm

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9. Voice Print:Measures the sound waves of human speech.

user talks to a microphone a passphrase. Voice print is compared to a previous one


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10. Signature verification:Measures speed, pressure, stroke order an image of signature.

Non-repudiation. The movement of the pen during the signing process rather

than the static image of the signature. Detect pen pressure, the sound the pen makes, Speed …etc


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11. Palm vain recognition:Measures the structure of the blood veins in a palm hand.

Near-infrared light detect an iron-containing pigment in hemoglobin.

Pigments absorb the near-infrared light and reduce the reflection rate causing the veins to appear as a black pattern


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Biometric techniques factors of evaluation False Acceptance Rate (FAR)

The system incorrectly declares Acceptance

False Rejection Rate (FRR) The system incorrectly declares failure

Failure To Enroll Rate (FTE) The percentage of data input that fails to input to the system

Ability To Verify (AVT) AVT = (1 - FTE)(1 - FRR)


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Relation Between FAR & FRR


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Comparison of biometric techniquesMarket Share


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Comparison of biometric techniquesCharacteristics


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Comparison of biometric techniquesRequirements


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BIOMETRICS TECHNIQUESComparison of biometric techniques

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Comparison of biometric techniques


Technique Strengths Weaknesses

Fingerprint Mature technologyHighly accurateLow cost, Small size, becoming widely

Users can create high FRRSome persons dislike contact with device

Face Widely acceptable to users, low cost No direct contactPassive monitoring possible

Less accurate than other methods

Retina Highly accurate Inconvenient for persons with glasses Dislike contact with device and light beam

Iris Highly accurateWorks with glassesAcceptable to users than retina

New technologyCost, although but is changing

Hand Accurate and flexibleWidely acceptable to users

User interface is bulkyDislike contact with device

Voice Usable over telephone systemGood for remote access

Less accuracySubject to background noise

Signature Widely acceptable to users Less accuracyNot widely used yetbut has potential with PDAs

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Biometrics Identification & Verification


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Biometrics Identification & Verification Verification, or 1-to-1:

Matches a person's claimed identity to his/her biometric and one or more other security technologies (password, PIN, Token).

Identification, or 1-to-Many: Identifies a person from the entire enrolled population.


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Biometrics System Stages


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Fingerprint TechnologyLight reflects from the surface of the prism where the finger is not in contact with it, while it penetrates the surface of the prism where the finger touches the surface of the prism. The resulting image goes through a lens into a video camera or sensor.


Light source

Finger

Video Camera (CCD)

LensPrism

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Fingerprint Technology

Arches Loops Whorl

Bridge Dot Ridge Ending Bifurcation Enclosure

Minutia types


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Fingerprint Information


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Fingerprint ThreatsMatsumoto’s Technique


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Fingerprint ThreatsMatsumoto’s Technique You can place the “gummy finger” over your real

finger. Observers aren’t likely to detect it when you use it on a fingerprint reader.


Devices & Hardware

Biometrics techniques