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Beyond Erucamide: The Evolution of Polyolefin Slip Additives
Audience Poll 1
In what year were the first plastic bottles used for soft drinks?
1963
1970
1975
1981
Today’s Agenda
• Introduction to Croda
• Size and growth of the polymer market
• Drivers for the growth and applications
• Why are slip additives required?
• Improvements in slip technology for packaging
• Improved slip technology in automotive applications
Introduction to Croda
Croda • Global reach – HQ Yorkshire UK • Global leader in natural specialities • 18 manufacturing sites in strategic global
position • Serving 9 market segments
Polymer Additives • Concerned with manufacturing
performance enhancing additives • 30 years’ experience and knowledge • Market leader in fatty amide production for
slip & anti-block applications • Three manufacturing sites
Personal Care Health Care Crop Care
Lubricants Polymer Additives Coatings & Polymers
Home Care Geo Technologies Industrial Chemicals
Global Demand
2011 Applied Market Intelligence LTD – Trends and developments in the market for polyolefins
Trade flows to 2020
2013 SPE International Polyolefins Conference
Polymer segmentation
PVC
PET
ABS
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
Engineering polymers
Polystyrene
2011 Applied Market Intelligence LTD – Trends and developments in the market for polyolefins
Polyolefins segmentation
56%
5% 6%
10%
23% Packaging
Automotive &appliances
Infrastructure
Non-packaging
Other
35%
28%
8%
14%
15% Film extrusion
Injectionmoulding
Blow moulding
Fibres(Polyethylene)
Other
2011 Applied Market Intelligence LTD – Trends and developments in the market for polyolefins
Population growth Health & well-being Energy & resource
Mega trends moving toward Polymer Additives
These three mega trends will provide catalyst for future polymer growth
Increased polymer demand Increased performance
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Growing Applications
Increased food consumption
Increased infrastructure
Sophisticated packaging
Bottling of water and juice Recycling Productivity Light weighting
Why are slip additives needed?
• Polymers exhibit high friction, this can create issues in:
How do slip additives work?
Commonly used slip additives
• Erucamide (Crodamide ER, Incroslip C) is excellent for high slip performance • Oleamide (Crodamide VRX) is good when fast slip is required • Behenamide (Crodamide BR) and stearamide (Crodamide SR) are fully
saturated and good when high oxidative stability is required
O
NH2
O
NH2
NH2
O
NH2
O
oleamide
stearamide
erucamide
behenamide
So what’s wrong with what we currently use?
• In some applications… nothing
• However, the unsaturated primary amides have a weak point that can breakdown under certain conditions
• The breakdown products can create unwanted issues such as tackiness, bloom, odor, change in color, impact on taste and reduced performance
Therefore, some applications require a slip additive to deliver a combination of high slip and high stability
Incroslip™ SL – novel saturated slip agent
• Slip properties similar to oleamide or erucamide • Fully saturated (Iodine value <1) • Improved oxidative stability • Good color and color stability • Imparts low taste and odor as good as or better than behenamide • Registered in major markets (REACH, TSCA) • FDA approved in the US
Improvements in slip technology for packaging
Overview
• Slip additives are a standard requirement in packaging to help processing and within use
• Brand owners want to stand out from their competition so the packaging needs to perform as it was intended by protecting the contents without impacting them
• Packaging can be subjected to: – Sterilization, UV, Heat
• Unsaturated slip additives can be prone to oxidization and impact the organoleptic
properties of the packaging
How can we measure slip performance in packaging?
• CoF reduction • Torque release • Oxidative color stability • Organoleptics
0.00
0.10
0.20
0.30
0.40
0.50
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
0.1 1 10 100 1000
Kin
etic
CoF
Time (hours - log)
750 ppm Incroslip SL
750 ppm Erucamide
750 ppm Behenamide
* 35µm LDPE blown film, all contain 1k ppm natural silica
Comparison of CoF in LDPE blown film
Application and Release Forces of cPP closure
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Blank 0.2% Incroslip SL 0.2% erucamide 0.2% behenamide
Torq
ue (i
nch-
poun
ds)
Application Torque
Release Torque
* cPP closures on PET preform (180˚C application)
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 5 10 15
Kin
etic
CoF
Time on test (weeks)
erucamide
Incroslip SL
* 35µm LDPE blown film exposed to natural light through a window
CoF of Incroslip SL vs. Erucamide
Oxidative stability of Incroslip SL vs. Erucamide
Erucamide
Incroslip SL
0 hours 72 hours 168 hours
* Tested at 120˚C (both samples contain 800ppm 1010 AO)
Organoleptics
• Odor panel testing on slip additives of a similar age • Amide was weighed into sample vials in air and sealed with a HDPE snap
closure • The samples were stored for 1 week at 23˚C and assessed under a number of
protocols by a panel of 20 volunteers • The slip additives tested were:
– Incroslip SL – erucamide – behenamide – high stability erucamide
• All volunteers could perceive differences between the test materials • 70% rated Incroslip SL as the lowest or least offensive odor
Summary
• High slip and stability is a growing requirement for packaging producers
• Incroslip SL demonstrates high slip similar to erucamide in PP and PE, and improved torque release over erucamide in PP caps and closures
• The fully saturated structure of Incroslip SL prevents oxidative degradation and therefore loss of slip and color are not observed
• Incroslip SL demonstrated improved organoleptics when compared to erucamide by a panel of volunteers
Improved slip technology in automotive applications
Overview
• Automotive manufacturers are turning to plastic as a viable material to lightweight vehicles
• Plastic parts need to perform the same as the materials they replace
• Manufacturers require optimum output rates and high quality molded parts
• In molded articles, plastic additives can create unwanted effects such as blooming, tackiness and decreased performance when subjected to elevated temperatures and UV light
• As molded parts of vehicles are required to last the life time of that vehicle, anti-scratch protection is becoming a basic requirement
How can slip additives improve automotive parts?
• Improved mold release properties • Low visible bloom • Scratch resistance • Increased output for WPC
Examples of poor mold release effect
Part damaged in critical area
Mold Release Force Measurement
HDPE PP copolymer
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
HDPE 0.25% IncroMold F 0.5% IncroMold F
% R
elea
se fo
rce
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PPc 0.25% IncroMold S 0.5% IncroMold S
% R
elea
se fo
rce
Low visible bloom in PP automotive compound
Blank PP 0.5 % erucamide 0.5 % Incroslip SL 1 % Incroslip SL
• Incroslip SL reduces the effect of blooming at up to 1% addition, even after exposure to UV light and heat
Scratch testing of PP automotive compound
Blank PP 0.5% Incroslip SL
• Incroslip SL can improve the look of a scratch with as little as 0.5% addition level • Incroslip SL is stable to UV and heat
Increased output for natural fibre composites
• Automotive parts can be light-weighted by the use of natural fibre composites
• Extrusion can be slow and costly
• Incroflo additives can increase output rate and reduce processing temperatures
and pressures
• Incroflo has low interaction with coupling agents
• Parts formulated with Incroflo have low water uptake and good mechanical properties
+11 % +12 %
+3 %
0
5
10
15
20
25
Incroflo 1100 Incroflo 1200 Incroflo 1300
% in
crea
se in
out
put
* (2 % Incroflo, 50% wood content in PP with coupling agent)
Increased output rate of WPC
Summary
• The IncroMold range lowers release force of molded parts and improves part quality
• Scratch resistance and low bloom are important in automotive parts
• Incroslip SL increases the scratch resistance of a plastic part and demonstrates improved bloom properties when compared to erucamide
• The Incroflo range improves output rate of wood plastic composite parts
Audience Poll 2
What other areas or effects would you like to learn about?
Anti-stats for engineering polymers
Effects in automotive plastics
Anti-fogging additives for multi-layer films
Lubricants to help improve processing and dispersion in Wood Plastic Composites
Samples Available
Slip Additives Mold release agents
Anti-scratch additives
WPC additives
Incroslip SL IncroMold F Incroslip SL Incroflo 1100 Crodamide ER IncroMold S Crodamide ER Incroflo 1200 Crodamide BR IncroMold T IncroMold T Incroflo 1300
Additional Information
• Thank you for attending!
• Visit our website information about upcoming events • To order samples click here • To contact us, email: [email protected]
• Copies of the presentation slides and a link to the recording will be emailed to all
attendees
