Beowulf Enter When our chief said he needed more warriors, I did not expect him to recruit unskilled civilians! But you will have to do I am Bealdric, head of the chiefs warriors. It is my responsibility to train you and teach you the ways of the Anglo-Saxons. Your beginner training will consist of four tasks: learning the history of our culture, studying the various conquests of Britain, learning about our writings and songs, and creating a personal shield. Once you complete these tasks, you will be granted the title of Anglo-Saxon Warrior! Grab your shield and well begin! Tasks: Complete in Order 1. History / NotesHistory / Notes You will fill in your outline with historical facts. 2. MapsMaps You will complete this task while completing Task Anglo-Saxon WritingsAnglo-Saxon Writings You will become familiar with out writings. 4. Personal ShieldPersonal Shield History / Notes Make sure you are filling in your historical outline and writing down questions as they come to you. We always give our rookies tests! As you go through the following slides, newbie, make sure you have the volume turned on. Your history teacher will give additional explanations to the lesson. Early Britain was filled with numerous Celtic tribes, known as the Britons. They were illiterate semi-nomadic farmers, hunters, and fisherman. They worshipped thousands of woodland spirits. Their priests, known as Druids, were also their doctors, teachers, and prophets. Julius Caesar began raids on Britain in 55 B.C. It wasnt until A.D. 43 that Rome established permanent rule. Roman occupation lasted until the year 410. In The Dark Ages, Rome, who had already conquered the country, attempted to Romanize the Britons, introducing towns, villas, roads and forts, as well as Hadrians Wall, designed to keep out the Picts.Hadrians Wall Hadrians Wall During Roman inhabitance, Britain was being plundered and raided by Germanic tribes, the Angles, Saxons, and Jutes. These Germanic tribes made war the main object of their existence and were very fierce in battle. When not fighting, they were heavy eaters and drinkers. They seem to have been the victims of dark melancholy; therefore, light, happy moods do not exist in their poetry and songs. Britons, perhaps led by a Celtic chieftain named Arthur, fought against these invaders, but were driven away. See map of conquest.map of conquest. Generally, it is agreed that by A.D. 449, these Germanic tribes had completely infiltrated the country. Thus, the main part of Britain became known as Angle-land, or England. The country was then divided up into seven kingdoms. The Anglo-Saxon culture became the basis of the English culture, and their Germanic language became the language of Angle-land now known as Old English. Map 1: Use this time to complete Task 3. Copy this map unto your blank one. Map 1: Use this time to complete Task 3. Copy the seven kingdoms on this map unto your blank one. About the end of the eighth century, Vikings from Denmark, referred to as the Danes, attacked and eventually settled in Angle-land as well. In 1066, William, duke of Normandy, France, led the last successful invasion on the island of Britain, the Norman Conquest, which ended Anglo-Saxon dominance. Map 2: Use this time to complete Task 3. Copy the conquests from this map unto your blank one. Danes Anglo-Saxons Irish French Romans General Outline of Conquests Pre A.D. 43 Celts inhabited Britain A.D. 43 Romans establish dominance A.D. 410 Romans leave A.D. 449 Germanic peoples settle in Britain A.D. 994 Danes invade and Canute becomes king A.D William of Normandy invades and becomes king You learn quickly! This is good. We need warriors with great intelligence! You have just received training on the very general overview of the history of our language and our people. Keep this in mind as you begin studying our writings. You may continue with your tasks, rookie. Maps During your first task, you should have filled out three different maps. You must know about the territory in which we live if you wish to defend it. If you are finished with the geography session of our lesson, move on to Task 3. Anglo-Saxon Writings In order to fight with us, you must understand our culture. This includes our style of writing. Learn about the following: 1)What Old English looks and sounds like 2)What elements of literature are typical of our time period Runes The earliest British inhabitants, of whom we have written history, were the Celts. They used a form of writing called runes.runes Runes were carved into trees, stones, crosses, etc. Many of these can still be seen today. Celtic Runes Old English ( AD) The invading Germanic tribes spoke similar languages, which in Britain developed into what we now call Old English. Old English did not sound or look like English today. Native English speakers now would have great difficulty understanding Old English. Nevertheless, about half of the most commonly used words in Modern English have Old English roots. The words be, strong, and water, for example, derive from Old English. Old English was spoken until around 1100. Old English: The first page of Beowulf 1) Study the copy. 2) Write down your impressions of Old English based on the writing. Old English Go toadings/Prologue.htmladings/Prologue.html Next, click on the line numbers to hear a reading. What is your impression of Old English based on the audio? Next go togesithas.org.uk/old-english-readingshttp://www.tha-engliscan- gesithas.org.uk/old-english-readings Listen to the first video and follow along with the Old and Modern English listed below the video. Are there any words or patterns that are similar? Old English Riddles Many Old English writings contain riddles similar to the ones we have today. Go to the following website:/oldenglish//oldenglish/ Read Week 2: Riddle 76. Answer these two questions: 1)In the riddle, who/what is the speaker? (Hint: Its an inanimate object.) 2)What is the objects function? (Hint: Two are given in the riddle.) The following literature terms are present in Beowulf. Therefore, you need to be able to know, recognize, and use them. Stock Epithets Adjectives that point out special traits of particular persons or things swift-footed used to describe Achilles in the Iliad to describe Achilles in the Iliad Kennings A descriptive phrase or compound word that substitutes for a noun sin stained demon in place of Grendels name Alliteration The repetition of the first consonant sound in a phrase Example: Tongue twisters: Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore This method was used by scops for memorizing many lines of poetry. caesura A pause dividing each line, with each part having two accented syllables U / U U / U / U He took what he wanted, // all the / U treasures. Good! You now have knowledge our history, geography, and writings. It is time for you to become a true Anglo-Saxon warrior! You may now complete your shield to show off the honor that you have earned. Personal Shield Traditionally, Anglo-Saxon shields were round and made of wood. They were often decorated with artistic elements which represented the warrior. You have been given a shield from from your teacher. Complete the following steps to make it unique. Shield Directions 1)Go to the following website: Runic Name. Learn how to write your name in the runic alphabet. This should be written on your shield along with the Modern English translation.Runic Name 2)Go to the following website: Runic Symbols. Choose two runic symbols that represent you. These should be written on your shield along with the Modern English translation.Runic Symbols 3)Decorate the rest of the shield in a way that reflects yourself. There should be no white space left. 4)On the back, explain the symbols and other decorations you chose to use. Congratulations! Now that you have completed all your tasks, you are a true Anglo-Saxon warrior! You are now my friend, but that does not mean I will share my mead with you! See you in the mead hall! Incredibly awesome Powerpoint provided by: Your incredibly awesome teacher! Youre welcome