Bengkel Spss Basic

SPSS Windows SPSS Data Editor (.SAV)

SPSS Windows

SPSS Data Viewer(.SPV)

SPSS Windows

SPSS Syntax Editor(.SPS)

SPSS Windows

Steps in Data Analysis

Define Variables

Enter Data

Run Frequency

Data Editing

Reliability Test

Transform EDA Normality

Data Analysis

Define variables in Variable View window

Define;

Name

Label

Values

Measure (Nominal, Ordinal, Interval or Ratio)

1 Define

Variables

Enter your data in Data View window

Refer to the training materials =)

Enter Data

Run frequency

Frequency

Change data value

Delete a case

Insert a case between existing cases

Delete a variable

Insert a variable between existing variables

Move an existing variable(s)

Data Editing

Commonly used;

1. Compute new variable is created based on existing variable(s)

2. Recode used to recategorize values and create categories from continuous variable

Data Transformation

Statistical Procedures 1. Reliability

2. Descriptive Statistics

3. Compare group mean (t-test and ANOVA)

4. Relationship between variables (Pearson Correlation)

Determine the quality of your instrument

Consistency and repeatability of the measurement

The extent to which a measurement will yield the same score when administered in different times, locations or population

Most common: Alpha Cronbach

In social science most accepted cut-off point is .70 or higher.

Reliability

Important! Dont forget to RECODE all the negatively worded items

Sensitive to the number of items in scale (less items produce lower alpha)

Interpretation (George & Mallery, 2001)

Alpha Indicator

> .9 Very Good

> .8 Good

> .7 Acceptable

> .6 Questionable

> .5 Weak

> .4 Unacceptable

Results Reliability of Attitude

AFTER RECODE

Table Reliability of Attitude Scale

Instrument No of Items Cronbach Alpha

Attitude 5 .702

Compute

Please create a new variable based on the existing variables

Formula: Sum(B1, B2, B3, B4, B5)

Mean(C1 to C4)

Data Transformation

No New Variable Existing Variable # of Items

1 Attitude B1 B5 5

2 Job Stress C1 C4 4

Recode

Recode Attitude into Attitude_cat

Category Level Range

1 Low 1.00 2.33

2 Moderate 2.34 3.66

3 High 3.67 5.00

Results and Table Present the results in the table

Variable Freq % Mean SD

Attitude Low (1.00-2.33) Moderate (2.34 3.66) High (3.67 5.00)

Hypothesis Testing

Describe Frequency

Descriptive

Compare T-test

Anova

Relationship Pearson

Correlation

Research Major

Concern

Hypothesis Testing

State Ho and HA

1

Alpha () 0.05

2

t-value Sig-t (p)

3

Decision Conclusion

4 5

Criteria Decision Sig-t < Reject Ho Sig-t > Fail to reject Ho

T-test 3 types of t-test

One sample t-test

Independent sample t-test

Paired sample t-test

Results

T-test Results

Jika sig-F > .05 baca Equal variances assumed

Sig-t < .05 maka Reject Ho

Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara lelaki dan perempuan dalam sikap terhadap QWL, t(24)= 5.689, p

Table Table: Comparison of attitude between gender

Gender n Mean SD t p

Male 11 3.71 .40 5.689 .000

Female 15 2.6 .55

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Compare differences between group means

Exp: Education level Certificate

Diploma

Bachelor Degree

Requirements

1. DV: Interval or Ratio

2. IV: Nominal or Ordinal (k>2)

Hypothesis Testing

State Ho and HA

1

Alpha () 0.05

2

F-ratio Sig-F (p)

3

Decision Conclusion

4 5

Criteria Decision Sig-F < Reject Ho Sig-F > Fail to reject Ho

Results

Sig-Levene (p) meet assumption Sig-Levene (p) violate assumption

Results

Sig-F < .05 maka Reject Ho

Terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan antara tahap pendidikan responden terhadap QWL, F(2,23)=6.416, p

Results

Table Table: Results of ANOVA between QWL and Level of

education

Education Level n Mean SD F p

Certificate 8 2.58 .65 6.416 .006

Diploma 11 2.62 .87

Bachelor Degree 7 3.88 .85

Pearson Correlation Determine the relationship between 2 variables

Requirements;

1. DV: Interval/Ratio

2. IV: Interval/Ratio

Based on the r, we can describe;

1. Strength

2. Direction

Correlation coefficient -1 r 1

Interpretation (Cohen, 1988) r Strength of Relationship

.10 - .29 Weak relationship

.30 - .49 Moderate relationship

.50 1.00 Strong relationship

Hypothesis Testing

State Ho and HA

1

Alpha () 0.05

2

Sig-value (p)

3

Decision Conclusion

4 5

Criteria Decision p < Reject Ho p > Fail to reject Ho

Results

Results Correlation coefficient r= .738

Nature of relationship There is a positive and high relationship between attitude and QWL, r= .738, p< .05.

Results

Hypothesis test, = .01 Sig-p (.000) < (.01) Maka Reject Ho Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara sikap dan QWL pada aras signifikan .01

Table Table: Correlation coefficient between Attitude and

QWL

Variable R P

Attitude .738 .000

How to run frequency?

Pilih pembolehubah yang dikehendaki & pindahkan ke kotak variable(s)


Klik button Statistics tick Minimum dan Maximum Continue OK


Jika ingin laporkan peratus, sila gunakan Valid Percent

How to recode negative item(s)? Pilih item yang ingin direcode isikan kotak Name dan Label Klik Change Klik Old and New Values

How to recode negative item(s)?

Masukkan nilai asal di bahagian Old Value dan nilai baharu di New Value Klik Add dan setelah semua nilai ditukar klik Continue OK

Nilai baharu akan dipaparkan di Data View

How to run reliability?

Analyze Scale Reliability Analysis

How to run reliability? Masukkan item-item yang membentuk Attitude (INGAT: Jika terdapat item negatif, gunakan item yang telah di recode!!!)

Model: Alpha Scale Label: Rel_Attitude

Klik Statistics


Tick Item, Scale, Scale if Item Deleted, Means dan Variances Continue OK


Nilai kebolehpercayaan Alpha Cronbach: .702

How to compute?

Transform Compute Variables

How to compute?

Target Variable: Attitude (Masukkan nama pembolehubah baharu seperti Skor Sikap, Skor QWL dsb )

Masukkan persamaan matematik yang diperlukan untuk membentuk skor keseluruhan/min pembolehubah OK Variable baharu akan terbentuk di Data View

How to recategorize (Recode)

Menggunakan skor min Attitude, skor akan dikategorikan kepada High, Moderate dan Low

Transform Recode into different variables

How to recategorize (Recode) Pindahkan Attitude ke kotak Output Variable Isikan Name dan Label Klik Change Klik Old and New values

How to recategorize (Recode)

Klik Range masukkan nilai Range masukkan nilai Value Add, setelah selesai Klik Continue OK (Output di data View)

How to run t-test?

Analyze Compare Means Independent Samples T Test

How to run t-test?

Masukkan pembolehubah yang diingini ke kotak Test Variable(s) dan kumpulan yang ingin dibandingkan ke kotak Grouping Variable Define Groups Continue OK

How to run t-test?

How to run ANOVA?

Analyze Compare Means One-Way ANOVA

How to run ANOVA?

Masukkan pembolehubah yang diingini ke dalam kotak Dependent List dan faktor yang ingin dibandingkan ke dalam kotak Factor Klik Post Hoc

Klik pada Tukey Continue Klik Options

How to run ANOVA?

Pilih Descriptive dan Homogeneity of variance test Continue OK

How to run ANOVA?

How to run correlation?

Analyze Correlate Bivariate


Masukkan dua pembolehubah yang diingini ke dalam kotak Variables Klik Options

Klik kedua-dua pilihan dalam kotak Statistics Continue OK

Please check this website to get more info on SPSS http://ace.upm.edu.my/~bas/ (go to Selected Links and klik Training Materials)

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

GOOD LUCK

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Bengkel Spss Basic