BELLWORK1. What type of government did French moderates &

radicals want?2. How did war with Austria in 1792 affect views of the

French monarchy?3. What happened to the monarchs when they tried to flee

Paris?4. What were the “September Massacres?” How did this

mark a shift in government? 5. What was decided at the National Convention in 1792?6. THINKER: At this point, the French Revolution saw

several changes in government – people supported many different types of rule: democracy, republic, monarchy, limited monarchy, absolute monarchy, etc. In your opinion, why is it taking so long to establish a stable government in France?

END OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION

From Terror during the Republic to Stability

under Napoleon

THE FRENCH REPUBLICAfter their victory, the National Convention (meeting of National Assembly) met in Paris to create a new governmentOrdered the end of the monarchy, and made France a republic! Meeting from 1792-1795 and passed many democratic reforms, mainly, all men could vote!

THE FRENCH REPUBLICBefore it could enter a new republican era, the Convention had a problem to deal with……… Louis XVIIn November 1792, a large iron box holding Louis’s secret correspondence with foreign monarchs was found in the royal palace.Although the letters provided little evidence against Louis, the radicals successfully used them to discredit the monarchs.In December 1792, Louis was tried before the National Convention and convicted of having “conspired against the liberty of the nation”

In January 1793, Louis XVI was executed by the guillotine.

THE DEATH OF A KING“I forgive my enemies; I trust that my death will be for the happiness of my people, but I grieve for France and I fear that she may suffer the anger of the Lord”Louis XVI as he faced execution

THE REIGN OF TERRORIn the days that followed, enthusiasm and pride swept through France! Soon, even wealthy Parisians addressed each other as “citizen” rather than “mister” or “madame”While the nation celebrated the republic, debate over the revolution’s future erupted in the Convention.Here, a group of extreme radicals, the Jacobins, came into power.Important radical leaders, like Maximilien Robespierre fought to make the revolution more radical, and more open to extreme & violent change. They instituted the “Reign of Terror,” (September 1793 – July 1794) in which more than 12,000 people were put to death.Most were killed because they were suspected of helping France’s enemies during the Revolution. (80% were commoners)

THE REIGN OF TERROR

"Terror is nothing else than

justice; prompt, severe,

inflexible justice. The

government in a revolution is

the dictatorship of liberty

against tyranny.” • Maximilien Robespierre,

1794

ROBESPIERREWhy would a leader choose to rule harshly through fear, censorship and mass executions?

J A C O B I N S C E L E B R AT I N G T H E D E AT H O F W E A LT H Y

A R I S T O C R AT S ( L E F T ) , A N D W H E N T H E G U I L L O T I N E WA S N ’ T Q U I C K E N O U G H , T H E Y E X E C U T E D P E O P L E

T H R O U G H M A SS S H O O T I N G S ( B E L O W )

A DEPICTION OF

ROBESPIERRE GUILLOTINING

THE EXECUTIONER AFTER HAVING GUILLOTINED

EVERYONE ELSE IN FRANCE

THE REIGN OF TERRORTo learn more about this period in French history, read a handout, and take notes on the following points:

Rule of the Jacobins

Why/How people were killed

Revolutionary Tribunal

French citizens’ reactions/responses

Maximilien de Robespierre

FRENCH GOVERNMENTAfter the Terror ended in 1794, the constitution changed

again.

The Jacobins were forced out of power and the Directory was

set up as the new government of France!

1801 - The Directory appointed Napoleon Bonaparte to

control France.

Napoleon was a successful military general during the French

Revolution and would implement many successful laws that are

still used in France today!

RULE OF NAPOLEON (1804-1815)Napoleon will not only bring an end to the

revolution, but he also implemented many

successful domestic and foreign policies.

Domestic – improves economy, education,

law, equality, building projects, etc.

Foreign – invades Europe, expands empire,

builds strong military

To learn more about Napoleon’s domestic

and foreign achievements, you will read a

handout and complete the graphic organizer

for hmwk!