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Creation of Limited Monarchy
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 2
0 By 1791 the National Assembly Wrote a Constitution for France, which gave the following as the role of the new government:
0 It set up a limited monarchy and a representative assembly
0 It declared that people had natural rights & government has to protect those rights.
0 It put the church under state control
Radicalization of the Revolution0European nations threatened to intervene in
France to restore the monarch’s power
01792 revolutionaries declared war against Austria, Prussia, Britain and Others.
01792: radicals took over the assembly, ended the monarchy and declared France a republic
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 3
Radicalization of the Revolution
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 4
0They created a national convention which formed a “Committee of Public Safety”
0 It was first headed by Georges Danton and then by Maximilien Robespierre
0He wanted create a republic of virtue.
Reign of Terror
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 5
01793: The Committee executed the King Louis XVI– causing the reign of terror to happen.
0Thousands of others were executed using Guillotine
Napoleon’s Rise to Power
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 6
0 1795: Moderates regained the power0 They created a 5 men “directory” to rule
France.0 1799: Napoleon overthrew the Directory in a
coup d’etat and became leader of the new government, called consulate.
0 The government was a republican government but he held absolute power
0 1802: He was made Consul for life.0 1804: He declared himself “Emperor of the
French”
Napoleon’s Achievement0Economy: Controlled prices, supported new industry
and built roads and canals.0Religion: He made peace with the Church – recognized
Catholicism as the majority religion.0Education: established public-school systems0Laws: He codified laws – The Napoleonic Code. The
laws included many enlightenment ideas, such as legal equality of citizens and religious toleration
0Created a new merit based bureaucracy and aristocracy.
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 9
Napoleon’s Empire0Napoleon built an empire by conquering much of
Europe0He spread enlightenment principles all over Europe0He failed to conquer Britain.0He also met disaster in Russia.0Many Nationalists resented his conquests.0He was finally defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in
1815.
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 10
Effects of French Revolution0Napoleon’s conquests spread the democratic
principles all over Europe
0The slogan of French republic: “Liberty, Equality & Fraternity” became a common slogan all over Europe.
0Napoleon’s conquests also gave rise to nationalism in Europe
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 11
Latin AmericanIndependence Movements
0 Toussaint L’Ouverture freed Haiti form French domination in 1804
0 South American Spanish Colonies were liberated by Simon Bolivar (the Liberator) and Jose de San Martin
0 Mexicans declared their independence from Spain Under the leadership of Father Hidalgo, but could not win the War.
3/7/2017 Number of Total Slides 9 12