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INTRODUCTION DESIGN STRATEGY

IDEA DEVELOPMENT

PROPOSED JOINT

MATERIALS

OVERALL PROGRESS

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

FORCE DIAGRAM

TESTING

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION

DESIGN STRATEGY

EXPERIENCING AND UNDERSTANDING SKELETAL CONSTRUCTION IS IMPORTANT FOR BUILDING SUPPORT. OUR TASK IS TO CON-STRUCT A SHELTER FOR ONE IN A SITTING POSITION (0.75M X 0.75M X 1.50M) TO DEMONSTRATE THE UNDERSTANDING OF SKELE-TAL FRAMES AND ITS JOINTS, THE SHELTER NEEDS TO BE ELEVATED 5 INCHES ABOVE GROUND SO THAT THE FOUNDATION OF THE STRUCTURE WOULD RELY ON THE COLUMNS. THE CHOICE OF MATERIALS AND JOINTS USED ENSURE THE STABILITY, STRENGTH, AND STIFFNESS OF THE STRUCTURE SO THAT IT IS STRONG ENOUGH TO SUPPORT BOTH DEAD AND LIVE LOADS.

IN CONSIDERATION OF USING RECYCLE MATERIALS IN OUR SHELTER, BAMBOO IS CHOOSEN BECAUSE OF IT’S NATURAL PROPERTIES WHICH PROVIDE STRENGTH, LIGHTNESS AND AESTHETICS. IN TERMS OF CONNECTION, NYLON ROPE IS USED INSTEAD OF NAIL AND BOLTS AS OUR STRUCTURE’S JOINT. TO SECURE THE JOINT, WE HAVE CUT OUT NOTCHES ON THE INTERLOCKING SECTION TO PREVENT SLID-ING WHICH WOULD LIKELY AFFECT THE OVERALL RIGIDITY AND STABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE.

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IDEA DEVELOPMENT

SIMPLE STRUCTURE WITH BASE, COLUMNS AND ROOF IS DESIGNED TO ACCOMMODATE THE SUPPORT, STABILITY AND PRACTICALITY OF THE COMPONENTS. HOWEVER, HE SLANTED SUPPORTING STRUCTURE IS SET TO LOW THAT IT IS NOT STRONG ENOUGH TO STABILIZE THE OVERALL BAMBOO STRUCTURE. RECYCLED PLASTIC BOTTLE INTERLOCKING IDEA WAS DROPPED AS IT GO WELL WITH OUR OVERALL BAMBOO DESIGN.

DESIGN 1DIAGONAL BRACING WAS ENLARGED AND MOD-IFIED INTO A PERPENDICULAR A-FRAME DESIGN WITH A BASE RUNNING THROUGH THE BOTTOM WITH A ‘V’ SHAPE BEAM. THE ROOF IS MADE WITH PALM LEAF TO COMPLIMENT WITH ALL THE NATURAL MATERIAL DESIGN.

DESIGN 2THE ONE POINT SUPPORTING ROOF WAS CHANGED TO TWO POINT SUPPORTING ROOF STRUCTURE TO PROVIDE MORE STRENGTH CON-SIDERING THE SAFETY OF THE PERSONAL REST-ING UNDERNEATH IT. THE BASE IS ENHANCED TO A FUNCTIONAL SITTING PLATFORM WITH A ROW OF TIGHTLY ARRANGED BAMBOO BRUNCHES. A CANVAS ROOF WAS USED DUE TO ITS WATER-PROOFING PROPERTY AS WELL AS ADDING A MODERN CONTEMPORARY VIBE TO THE TROPI-CAL BAMBOO DESIGN.

DESIGN 3

INTERLOCKING PLASTIC BOTTLES

CANVAS

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IDEA DEVELOPMENT

THE BASE IS ROSE 20CM FROM THE GROUND AS REQUIRED BY THE PROJECT BRIEF AND THE NUMBER OF BAMBOO BRANCHES IS REDUCED TO DECREASE DEAD LOAD SO THAT HIGHER LIVE LOAD CAN BE COMPREHENDED. THE ROOF IS CHANGED INTO ROPE SUSPENDED STRUCTURE TO ALLOW IT TO BE RETRACTA-BLE, MAKING IT MORE USER FRIENDLY WHEN ENTERING THE SHELTER BY PRO-VIDING MORE HEAD ROOM. A HANDLE IS ADDED TO ALLOW EASY RELEASE OF RETRACTED ROOF. THE LOOSE AND SHAKY STRUCTURE IS STRENGTHEN WITH A PRESTRESSED TENSILE SCISSORS BRACE. A BAMBOO STICK IS STICKED INTO A ‘X’ LOPE AND TWISTED UNTIL TENSION IS CREATED TO HOLD ALL MAIN SKELE-TAL STRUCTURE TOGETHER AND LOCKED INTO POSITION.

DESIGN 4

DIAGONAL NOTCH JOINTS

SCISSORS BRACE

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PROPOSED JOINT

THIS CONNECTION METHOD IS PRACTICED ON THE HORIZON-TAL BAMBOO WEDGES TO STABILIZE AND SECURE THE POSI-TIONING OF THE DIAGONAL COLUMN BEFORE LASHING THEM ON THE VERTICAL COLUMN. THE SLIT WEDGES ARE SLOTTED TO HOLD THE DIAGONAL COLUMN IN PLACE.

PLUG IN CONNECTION WITH BAMBOO SLIT WEDGESFRICTION-TIGHT ROPE CONNECTION IS USED IN THE ENTIRE SKELETAL STRUCTURE TO ENSURE THE RIGIDNESS OF THE SKELETAL FRAME. THIS TYPE OF CONNECTION IS STRONG WITH SUFFICIENT LASHING TECHNIQUES, BESIDES THE CHANCES OF BAMBOO CRACKING IS LOWERED AS COMPARED TO USING NUTS AND BOLTS.

FRICTION-TIGHT ROPE CONNECTION

THIS JOINT METHOD IS USE IN CONNECTING THE VERTICAL COLUMN AND DIAGONAL COLUMN, SLANTED NOTCHES WERE CUT AT 60 DEGREE TO FIRMLY HOLD THE DIAGONAL COLUMN IN PLACE.

DIAGONAL NOTCH JOINTSTHIS STRUCTURE IS ADDED ON THE SKELETAL STRUCTURE TO RESIST SIDEWAY FORCES. WITH THE SCISSORS BRACING IN PLACE, THE SKELETAL STRUCTURE IS RIGID AND ABLE TO STAND FIRMLY AND PREVENT THE STRUCTURE FROM SHIFTING AND MOVING SIDEWAYS..

SCISSORS BRACE

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PROPOSED JOINT

THE STRENGTH OF THE SKELETAL FRAME SOLELY RELY ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF NODES, MOST OF THE PART OF THE SKELETAL STRUCTURE PRACTICED THIS JOINTS EXCEPT FOR THE DIAGONAL COLUMN. THE NOTCH MEETS WITH ONE ANOTHER FORMED A SET OF FLAT NOTCH JOINTS. SQUARE JOINTS USED PREVENT THE SKELETAL FRAME FROM SLIPPING.

NOTCH JOINTUSED AT THE END WHEN SECURING AND FINISHING THE LASH-ING.

ROUND TURN & TWO HALF HITCHES

ALSO KNOWN AS THE SCOUT KNOT. IT TOOK THE FORM OF A “X” AND IS USED AT THE STARTING AND ENDING OF A DIAGONAL LASHING. CLOVE HITCH ENSURE TIGHT CONNECTION AND PRE-VENT LASHING FOR SLIPPING FROM IT’S ORIGINAL POSSITION.

CLOVE HITCHTHIS METHOD IS USED TO SECURE THE HORIZONTAL STRUC-TURES ON THE BASE WHICH ALLOWED THE STRUCTURES TO SIT ON THE BASE FIRMLY.

SHEAR LASHING

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MATERIALS

BAMBOO IS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY MATERIAL WHICH PROVIDE HIGH TENSILE AND COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH. THE INTERIOR OF BAMBOO IS HOLLOW WHICH MAKES IT REL-ATIVELY LIGHT WHEN COMPARED TO WOOD WHICH RESULT IN HIGH STRENGTH TO WEIGHT RATIO. IN ADDITION, IT IS VERY MUCH RESIST-ANT TO WEATHER AND PROVIDE AESTHETICS.

BAMBOO

ROPE IS CHOSEN AS JOINTS INSTEAD OF NAILS TO PREVENT THE BAMBOO FROM SPLITTING. POLYETHYLENE IS VERY STRONG AND LIGHT WEIGHTED AND HAS THE ABILI-TY TO FLOAT. LASTLY, POLYETHYLENE ALSO HAS A LOW MELTING POINT AND ABRASION RESISTANT WHICH HELPS WHEN SECURING THE JOINTS.

POLYETHYLENE ROPE

CANVAS BANNER IS A MATERIAL THAT CAN BE FOUND EASILY AND COMES IN ALL SHAPES AND SIZES. IT IS A VERY LIGHT MA-TERIAL WITH RELATIVELY HIGH DURABILITY. IT IS OPAQUE WHICH PROVIDES SHADING ABILITY FROM THE SUN AND IS ALSO WATER RESISTANT WHICH GIVES IT THE ABILITY TO BECOME A SHELTER TO TAKE COVER FROM THE RAIN.

CANVAS BANNER

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OVERALL PROGRESS

BAMBOO STICKS ARE PROCESSED AND THEN TIED TOGETHER TO FORM A 0.75M X 0.75M BASE.

1 THE MAIN VERTICAL ELEMENTS ARE THEN CUT WITH JOINTS TO BE TIED TO THE BASE. DIAGONAL CUTS ARE ALSO MADE TO THE SECONDARY VERTICAL ELEMENTS TO JOIN WITH THE MAIN VERTICAL ELEMENTS.

2 3 BRACINGS ARE THEN ADDED TO PREVENT THE TALL VERTICAL ELE-MENTS FROM BUCKLING.

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OVERALL PROGRESS

ROOF BASE - A SQUARE BASE WITH 4 BAMBOO SIDES ARE TIED TOGETHER.

4 5 THE ROOF BASE IS CONNECTED TO THE SHELTER WITH THE USE OF STRING- TO CREATE PITCH OF ROOF, AS WELL AS OPENING AND CLOSING OF THE ROOF. IT ALSO ACTS LIKEA “HOOD” FOR THE SHELTER.

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CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

MATERIALS ARE COLLECTED.1

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BAMBOOS ARE CUT TO REQUIRED LENGTHS.

NOTCHES ARE OUTLINED AND CUT ON SPECIFIC PARTS OF BAMBOO.

4 ROUGH EDGES ARE SMOOTHENED OUT WITH SAND BLOCK.

PLATFORM OF THE SHELTER IS CONSTRUCTED FIRST TO FORM THE SHAPE.

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CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

COLUMNS ARE THEN ADDED TO THE PLATFORM TO FORM THE PERPENDICULAR A-FRAME.

A BRACE IS ADDED WHICH JOINS THE TWO PERPENDICULAR A-FRAME TO HOLD THE STRUCTURE TOGETHER.

ROOF STRUCTURE IS ADDED BY LOOSELY TYING IT TO THE A FOR-MATION BRACE.

CANVAS BANNER IS ADDED ON TO FORM THE ROOF WITH POLY-ETHYLENE ROPES.

POLYETHYLENE ROPES ARE FURTHER ADDED TO THE BACK OF THE SHELTER TO FORM SCISSORS BRACE WHICH PREVENTS THE STRUC-TURE FROM SWAYING.

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FORCE DIAGRAM

EDGELESS SKELETAL STRUCTURE REDUCE LOAD PRESSURE BY WIND AS WELL AS PERPENDICULAR A FRAME EFFECTIVELY TRANSFER FORCE TO GROUND

TO SOLVE THE SWAYING OF THE TWO ‘A’ FRAME STRUCTURES, TWO LOOPES ARE TIED ON THE TWO PER-PENDICULAR COLUMNS. EACH LOOPE ARE TWISTED MANUALLY WITH A STICK TO STRENGHTEN THE TWO COLUMNS BY INDUCING A STRESS ON THE CENTER OF THE LOOPE.

ONE WAY JOIST SYSTEM ARE ABLE TO HAVE LONGER SPANS TO HANDLE HEAVY LOADS AS WELL AS REDUCES DEAD LOAD DUE TO NUMBERS OF VOIDS. ITALSO RESIST VIBRATION ESPECIALLY THE JOINT IS MADE OF ROPE AND THE CYLINDER NATURE OF BAMBOO

FIRST HALFSECOND HALF

PRIMARYCOLUMN

SECONDARYCOLUMN

THE PERPENDICULAR COLUMN ACT AS A PRIMARY VERTICAL SUPPORT STRUC-TURE THAT TRANSFERING THE HEAVIER SECOND HALF PORTION OF THE PLATE-FORM WHERE THE HIP ABOVE BODY WEIGHT. WHILE THE DIAGONAL FIRST HALF ONLY TRANSFER BOTH WEIGHT OF LEGS TO THE COLUMN.

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TESTING

THE LOAD TESTING WAS CONDUCTED WITH 80KG LIVE LOAD, WITH 33.33% MORE THAN THE WEIGHT REQUIRED IN THE BRIEF FOR FULL 3 MINUTES, WHICH IS 50% EXTRA. THE SHELTER SHOWS NO DEFECT OR ANY DYSFUNCTION ON THE COLUMN, PLATFORM OR BASE THROUGH OUT EXPERIMENT WAS TESTED. AN EXTERNAL FORCE WAS INDUCED ON THE COLUMN TO TEST THE STRENGTH AND THE STABILITY OF THE STRUCTURE, THE STRUCTURE GIVES NO SIGN OF GIVING IN TO THE PUSH.

LOAD TESTING

THE ROOF WAS THEN TESTED BY BEING OPENED AND CLOSED WHEN THE PERSON WAS SEATED IN THE SHELTER. THE EXTRA ADDED USER FRIENDLY HANDLE GIVES THE USER MORE EASE TO TRIGGER THE SUSPENDED ROOF FELL DOWN EFFORTLESSLY.

ROOF TESTING

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CONCLUSION WITHOUT THE DEDICATION AND COMMITMENT FROM EVERY SINGLE GROUP MEMBER, THIS ASSIGNMENT WOULDN’T BE CARRIED OUT AS PLANNED. THROUGH THIS PRACTICAL-BASED ASSIGNMENT WE GET TO LEARN ABOUT SKELETAL STRUCTURE IN A REAL LIFE SIMULATED SCENARIO THAT CAN’T BE UNDERSTOOD OR IMAGINED THROUGH A ONE-WAY LEARNING CONDITION IN THE LECTURE HALL. THROUGH THE WISE ADVICE AND GUIDANCE FROM OUR LECTURERS DURING THE INTER-SUBMISSION PRESENTATION A WEEK BEFORE, TRULY GIVE US MORE SPACE TO IMPROVE ON OUR DESIGN AND STRUCTURE. WE ALSO GET TO LEARN FROM THE EXTRA RESEARCH WE DID FROM THE INTER-NET AS WELL AS THE WORKSHOP SUPERVISOR WHO NEVER FAIL TO TEACH US HIS KNOWLEDGE REGARDING CARPENTRY AND MACHINERY USAGE.

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REFERENCES

APPROPRIATE BUILDING MATERIALS: A CATALOGUE OF POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS: EXAMPLES OF FLOOR MATERIALS: BAMBOO FLOORS. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 22, 2015, FROM HTTP://COLLECTIONS.INFOCOLLECTIONS.ORG/UKEDU/EN/D/JSK01AE/7.4.HTML

BAMBOO JOINERY TECHNIQUES. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 19, 2015, FROM HTTP://WWW.BAM-BOOIMPORT.COM/DIY/BAMBOO-JOINERY

HOW TO LASH A BAMBOO TRIPOD BY TIAT. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 25, 2015, FROM HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=55THQBBYF14

LASHING. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 27, 2015, FROM HTTP://WWW.BSATROOP780.ORG/SKILLS/LASHING.HTML

POSTS TAGGED WITH: TWO-SPAR SHEAR LASHING. (N.D.). RETRIEVED APRIL 26, 2015, FROM HTTP://SCOUTPIONEERING.COM/TAG/TWO-SPAR-SHEAR-LASHING/