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Battles in the Pacific.notebook
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March 11, 2016
Battles in the Pacific
Pages 724, 748-750
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Vocab:
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Objective: Understand the way in which the
Pacific theater of war differed from the
European theater of war.
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South Asia, with its supplies of oil, tin, rubber, and quinine, was the first priority in
Japanese plans for the war. The arrows on this map show Japan's apparently unstoppable
advance during the months following Pearl Harbor. By early May, the Japanese
controlled Hong Kong, Singapore, the Philippines, the American islands of Wake and
Guam, and much of south Asia.
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Japanese Kamikaze
This decision to employ suicide bombers against the American fleet at Leyte, an island of the Philippines, was based on the failure of conventional naval and aerial engagements to stop the American offensive. Declared Japanese naval Capt. Motoharu Okamura: “I firmly believe that the only way to swing the war in our favor is to resort to crash-dive attacks with our planes…. There will be more than enough volunteers for this chance to save our country.”
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Island hopping is the crossing of an ocean by a series of shorter journeys between islands, as opposed to a single journey directly to the destination.
Goal of the Allies
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Battle of Midway
- Code breakers learned of planned Japanese attack
- Americans planned an ambush
- Within a short time, Americans had destroyed 38 planes and
4 carriers
- Turning point
- First stop in Japanese advance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4pUD9qWKs8&noredirect=1
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Battle of Iwo Jima
- American planes weren't being
effective in hitting their targets in
their bombings of Japan
- So low on fuel= couldn't fix
navigational errors or adjust for
weather
- Pilots needed an island
closer to Japan to leave from
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Battle of Iwo Jima
- 60,000 Marines land on Iwo Jima
- Crawled inland while using flame throwers and explosives
- More than 6,800 Marines were killed
- "uncommon valor was a common virtue"
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Iwo Jima
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Firebombing Japan
- To help the pilots hit their targets, Americans filled bombs with
napalm- jellied gasoline
- Even if targets were missed, fires would spread there
- This brought the war to civilians
- Necessary to destroy Japan's war production
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"The fires were incredible... with flames leaping
hundreds of feet into the air... With every
passing moment the air became more foul...
the noise was a continuing crashing roar... Fire-
winds filled with burning particles rushed up
and down the streets. I watched people...
running for their lives... The flames raced after
them like living things, striking them down...
Wherever I turned my eyes, I saw people...
seeking air to breathe."
- quoted in New History of World War II
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- Tokyo firebombing killed more than 80,000 people and
destroyed more than 250,000 buildings
- Americans firebombed 67 Japanese cities
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdAvWfVD5Fk End at 2:23
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View:
Start at: 32:47
End at: 59:00
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BMWYblZ8gwQ
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6. Describe how the battles in the Pacific
were fought.
Battle of Midway:
Iwo Jima:
Firebombing of Japan:
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