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Basin management planCase Sibalom watershed, Philippines
Marion Hermus
Cornelia Rudolph
Lennart Swinkels
Description
• State of basin natural resources– 18% of the original primary forests left (1999)
– Water intensively used
– Mineral rich area
• Trends: Environmental degradation– Deforestation of rain forests and mangroves
– Erosion and sedimentation
– Floods and droughts
– More extreme precipitation
• Monitoring– No sign of basin management plans
– No monitoring programs
Inventories
• Land use– 80% cultivated land (mostly grassland, secondary forest, 1992)
• Ecosystems– Tropical climate– 85% mountainous, 15% lowland
• Water availability and demands– Seasonal dependancy and availability– 942 Mm³ runoff yearly
• Pollution sources– minimal fertilizer use and only on terraced fields
• No optimal information basis, more research/monitoring needed
Assessment
• Ecosystem needs– Erosion– Sedimentation– Water allocation
• Vulnerability– Sedimentation problems at corral reefs– Groundwater refill– Rain and groundwater availability
• Implications of changing land use– Change in land use is necessary– Overview of current land use needed– Overview of possible types of land use, more suitable, economical
suitable – Spatial planning
Stakeholders• Stakeholders
– Inhabitants– 135 Barangays– 7 Municipalities– DENR– NGO’s (WWF)
• Stakeholder needs– Housing, fuel wood, agricultural goods, etc.– Preserve political structure/organisation– Overview of needs and interests of other stakeholders
• Mechanisms for participation– Gather information about current ways of participation; current democratic
structure; – Create awareness among inhabitants, GO’s and NGO’s by informing and
communication– Communicate with the leaders of barangays and municipalities
Priority issues
• Get to know the ecological, social and economical system– Approach stakeholders, researchers, GO’s, NGO’s– Investigate lacking data
• Start awareness process with local inhabitants and stakeholders
Goals
• Short-term– Bring back forest cover on critical sites– Protect nature reserves by enforcing of existing rules and
developing new rules
• Long-term– Extend natural bio-dynamics
• Erosion• Groundwater
– Enhance the activities stability (sustainable economy)– Mitigate vulnerability to drought and flooding
Objectives
• Water quality– Fertilizers
• No exceeding of the carying capacity
– Silt, floating matter• Coral• Decrease erosion processes
• Water allocation– Fair distribution between nature and agriculture– Come up with and implement innovative solutions for water usage
Benefit shares
• Compromises between stakeholders– National, regional and local
• Win-win situation between nature and socio-economy– Using natural resources in a sustainable way
• E.g. Forestry;– More nature, less floods and erosion
Scenarios
• Scenarios– Autonamous– Worst case– Implement short term measures– Implement long term measures– Best case
• Use– Awareness– Financial picture– Vision
Plans
• Create a Basin Management Organization– Legal power to implement measures/plans– Enforcement ability
• Start with priority issues– Getting to know the system, collecting information– Stakeholder involvement
• Short term measures• Long term measures
Financing
• International funding– WWF (nature)– World Bank (socio-economic) etc.
• Development funding/aids– German technical cooperation (GTZ) etc.
• National government• Local government
– Taxes and fees
Responsibilities
• Institutions involved– International and national policies and laws– Basin Management Organization– Municipal governments– Local Barangays– Local inhabitants
• Guideline schedule– Gather information and talk to stakeholders: 1st year– Make detailed basin action plan: 1st and 2nd year– Work on short term measures: 1st till 3rd year– Work on long term measures: 3rd to 5th year
Monitoring
• Monitoring of the adherence of laws, rules– Especially illegal logging
• Monitoring of water quality and quantity– Flood early warning systems
Assignment 2
• Assumptions– 10 million m³ per river– 400 m wide– 1 meter depth: 25 km of river– 2 meter depth: 12,5 km of river– 3 meter depth: 8,3 km of river
Possible implications
• Disturbed ecosystem in the riverbed and surroundings of the river
• More drainage of the surrounding land• Groundwater flows might change• Erosion patterns will change (less coarse material)• Less floodings• Periodically disturbance traffic along the river, more noise from
excavation activities