Basics of Automobile 2

8/19/2019 Basics of Automobile 2

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SAE COLLEGIATE CLUB

Presents... Workshop on

BASIC MECHANICAL


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Screw and bolt

Bearing

Spring

Gears

Belt and pulley

Chain and sprocket

Cam


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Fasteners characterized by a helical ridge,known as an external thread or just thread,wrapped around a cylinder.

Bolt threads are designed to mate with acomplementary thread, known as aninternal thread, often in the form of a nut.

Uses: To hold objects together and toposition objects


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BEARING

Machine element that constrainsrelative motion and reduces friction

between moving parts to only thedesired motion.

1) Ball bearing2) Roller bearing3) Thrust bearing

•Bearing is a device that is used to enable rotatlinear movement, while reducing friction and hstress•Bearings that are designed to handle a specificload and different amounts of weight,


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TYPES OF BEARING

•Ball bearing are extremely common because they can handand thrust loads, but can only handle a small amount of weigh

•Roller bearings are designed to carry heavy loads—the pria cylinder, which means the load is distributed over a larger a

bearing can handle primarily radial loads, but is not suited to

•Thrust bearing is a particular type of rotary rolling-elemenother bearings they permit rotation between parts, but they arsupport a predominately axial load.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_rotationhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolling-element_bearing


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SPRING IS AN ELASTIC OBJECT USED TO MECHANICAL ENERGY.

TYPES OF SPRINGS: HELICAL OR COILED

SPIRAL LEAF SPRING


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#Made up of a coil or heli


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Made from flat strip or wire

coiled up in the manner of thegroove


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#A leaf spring takes the form of aslender arc-shaped length ofspring steel of rectangular cross-section.

USES:- As suspension in heavyvehicles


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Chain and sprockets Gears

Belt and ropes


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TYPES OF GEARS

(a) Spur gear, (b) helicDouble helical gear oherringbone gear, (dgear , (e) Rack and p

Straight bevel gear, (bevel gear, (h) Hypogear , (i) worm gear Spiral gear


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SPUR GEARS ARE SIMPLEST TYPE OFGEAR.

BIGGER ONE ISGEAR.

SMALLER ONE ISPINION.


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•SPUR GEARS ARE SIMPLEST TYPE OF GEAR. SPUR GEARS ARSIMPLEST TYPE OF GEAR.

EDGE OF EACH TOOTH IS STRAIGHT AND ALIGNED PARALTO THE AXIS OF ROTATION


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Helical gears offer a refine

spur gear. They have teeth inclined to

Hence for the same width,are longer than spur gears higher load carrying capac

The helix angle also introduceson the shaft.

One use of double helical gavoid axial movement durmotion.


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It Efficiency and precision ithat of spur gear.

It operate smoother and qu

It has gradual point contact

It has axial thrust on the sh

More contact area so high

It has higher efficiency and precision .

It is noisy.

This has line contact.

No axial component.

Less contact area.

HELICAL GE


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One use of double heli

to avoid axial movememotion.

Two axial thrusts oppoother and nullify. Hencis free from any axial fo

Though their load capavery high, manufacturidifficulty makes them than single helical gear


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THE ANGLE BETWEEN

SHAFTS CAN BE ANYTHINGEXCEPT ZERO AND 180DEGREES.

APPLICATIONS: USEDIN AUTOMIBILESDIFFERENTIALS.


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1. STRAIGHT BEVEL GEAR- USED FOR TRANSMITTING POWER BETWEEN

SHAFTS. STRAIGHT BEVEL GEARS ARE USED FOR TRANSMITTING POWER BINTERSECTING SHAFTS

2. SPIRAL BEVEL GEAR-SPIRAL- BEVEL GEARS ARE ALSO USED FOR TRAN

BETWEEN INTERSECTING SHAFTS. BECAUSE OF THE SPIRAL TOOTH, THE CO

MORE AND CONTACT RATIO IS MORE. THEY OPERATE SMOOTHER THAN ST

GEARS AND HAVE HIGHER LOAD CAPACITY. BUT, THEIR EFFICIENCY IS SLIGH

STRAIGHT BEVEL GEAR.

TYPES OF BEVEL GEARS


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THESE GEARS ARE ALSO USED FOR RIGHT ANGLE DRIVE IN WHICH T

INTERSECT. THIS PERMITS THE LOWERING OF THE PINION AXIS WH

ADVANTAGE IN AUTOMOBILE IN AVOIDING HUMP INSIDE THE AUTO

LINE POWER TRANSMISSION.

THE NON –

INTERSECTION INTRODUCES A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNAND THE DRIVE REQUIRES GOOD LUBRICATION TO REDUCE THE FR

WEAR.

THEIR EFFICIENCY IS LOWER THAN OTHER TWO TYPES OF BEVEL G


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In these gears, annular wheehaving teeth on the inner

periphery. This makes the drive very co

.

In these drives, the meshing

and annular gear are runninsame direction

Applications of these gears cseen in planetary gear driveautomobile automatic

transmissions


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RACK AND PINION

Used in automobiles steering.

type of linear actuator thatcomprises a pair of gears whichconvert rotational motion into linearmotion.


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WORM GEAR

One way motion transfer

Locking

Application-To open lock

gates The sliding action prevalent

in the system while resultingin quieter operation produces

considerable frictional heat


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WORM GEAR ANIMATION

SPIRAL GEAR


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SPIRAL GEAR:Spiral gears are also known as crossed helicalgears,

They have high helix angle and transmit powerbetween two non-intersecting non-parallel shaft

They have initially point contact under theconditions of considerable sliding velocitiesfinally gears will have line contact

Their precision rating is poor.


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1. Gear drive

2. chain drive

3. Belt drive


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Used when power is transmittedover a small distance.

For meshing

Circular pitch of both gear should

be sameAnd centre to centre distanceshould be summation of both pitchradius=no of teeth/circular pitch


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Inversions of Single Slider Crank Chain


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Inversions of Single Slider Crank Chain

As there are four links, fixing each link in turn, finversions can be obtained.

In the first inversion, where the link with one repair and one prismatic pair is fixed.

Example: 1) I.C. Engine mechanism, in which the

link piston is the input and the crank is output. 2) Incompressor, in which the second link crank is the inppiston is the output.

Crank and Slotted Lever Qui


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Crank and Slotted Lever Qui

Return Mechanism


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RATCHET AND PAWL


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RATCHET AND PAWLRATCHET is a device that allows rotary or linear m

one direction. It can be used to move a toothed whe

at a time. The part which is used to move the ratchethe PAWL. Motion developed by a ratchet is intermi

They are also used in the freewheel mechanism of b

clocks, screwdrivers, jacks, and hoists.

ESCAPEMENTS are generally used in clocks with mmotions. In clocks the escapement controls the sprin

clock mechanism such that it moves in regulated ste

by a pendulum or an oscillating arm.


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• Animation of Ratchet and Pawl Mechanism


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• Indexing Mechanisms


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Indexing Mechanisms• A simple index mechanism consists

• of a hold or a hook that catches a pin on an index wheel. The Clutch s

•

until a solenoid pulls the hold away,• which frees the wheels to turn.

Geneva Mechanisms are often used in machine tools. They are capab

• of indexing or partially rotating some part of a machine. In cinema proj

Geneva stop is used to move the film on one frame at a time.

•


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Animation of Indexing Mecha

External Geneva Wheel Internal Genev

• Animation Contd…


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Ashish jangra 4th mechanic

(Secretary) (+91896085578

Akshay shrivastava 3rd metallur

(Joint secretary) (+9194538269

Shrishti shukla 2nd mechan(Joint secretary) (+9191201668

Akash gupta 3rd mining

(+9172752976


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Suspension , chassis and SteeringIc Engine and Transmission

Introduction of RC car

•Computer Aided Design(CAD)


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Carbibles.comHowstuffworks.com

Youtube.com/engineeringexplained

Thank You!

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Basics of Automobile 2