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1. Bach: Basic Info: 1685-1750 Born: Eisenach, Germany D:

Le ipzig, G ermany Best known for eq ual temperament and

contrapuntal writing.

2. Bach: Cothen:(1717-23) Kapellmeister to Prince Leopold of 

Cothen. N o church re sponsibilities . Co mpose d c hamber

 works - s uites , concertos , s onatas and so lo keyboard wor ks.

BOOK 1 OF WELL-TEMPERED KLAVIER WAS WRITTEN

DURING THIS PERIOD.

3. Bach: Early Positions: Luneberg, Weimar, and Arnstadt.

 Walked to Lubec k (over 200 miles) to meet renowned org anist

Dietrich Buxtehude in 1705. Became organist at Muhlhausen in

1707.

4. Bach: Family: Father (Johann Ambrosius) wa s a co urt

trumpeter. Music was the family profession for 5 generations.

Earlies t musical training from family members . Or phaned at

ag e of 10. Musical training continued by oldest brother J ohann

Christoph in Ohrdruf.

5.

Bach: International Styles: German (Lutheran choraletradition, counterpoint); F rench (dance rhythms,

ornamentation); Italian (operatic lyricism, ritornello form,

idiomatic string writing)

6. Bach: Leipzig: Cantor of St. Thomas and Music Director of 

Leipzig. Many responsibilities: teaching, composing, directing

choirs, s upervising musical activities in many churc hes. Fr om

1729-1741 was musical director of Collegium Musicum.

Frequently traveled to test new instruments. famous visit to

Frederik the Great at Potsdam from which The Musical

Offertory res ulted. Composed many larg e-s cale works -

GOLDBERG VARIATIONS, ART OF F UGUE. L os t eyesight

after surgery.7. Bach: Musical Style: Synthesize d the leading musical

developments of this era, he did not create any new genres,

 just impro ved upon existing ones. Co mpos ed works in virtually 

every genre o f his day, exce pt opera. De voted all works "All

for the glory of God". Great master of contrapuntal art.

 Virtuos ic keyboa rd works .

8. Bach: Profession: Sang in choirs, b ecame ac complished

 violinist and virtuos o o rg anist, was trained in instrument

 building and re pair.

9. Bach: Weimar: (1708-17) Court organist and chamber

musician to the Duke of Weimar. Rise o f fame as an org anis t,

composed many organ works. Composed music for Lutheranchurch services - c antatas, c horale settings. As a res ult of 

co ntrac tual disputes was jailed for a pe riod o f time in 1717.

10. Bach: Wives and Children: Married Maria Barbara (distant

cousin) in 1707. Of several children, C.P.R. and W.F. became

successful musicians. After Maria Barbara's death in 1720,

married Anna Magdalena Wilcke in 1721. Johann Christian and

Johann Christoph were amongs t their many children.

11. Bach: Works: Keyboard: Two and Three Part Inventions,

 Well-Tempered Clavier Vo l. 1 and 2, 6 French and English

Suites, Italian Concerto, Chromatic F antas y and Fugue.

Chamber Works : 6 Ce llo S uites, 6 sonatas and partitas for

 violin. Orc hestral Wor ks - 6 Brandenburg Co ncer tos , 4

Orchestral Suites, Violin Concertos , Harps ichord Concertos .

 Vocal Works - 2 00 Cantatas , Pas sions (S t. Matthew, St.John), B Minor Mass

12. Beethoven: Basic Info: Born: Bonn, Ge rmany 1770 Died:

 Vienna, Austra 1827

13. Beethoven: Career: Moved to Vienna in 1792; gained r enown

as a pianist and co mpose r. F irs t solo c oncert appearance in

1795. Attracted patronage of nobility (Prince Lobkowitz,

Prince Lichnowsky and Count Razumovsky). Chose to remain

single. Began to lose hearing in mid-20s. In 1802 wrote

famous letter to his bro thers abo ut inner turmoil and c onflict.

Last concert appearance in 1814 performing Archduke trio.

14. Beethoven: Externalization period: 1803- 1815 Mor e

Romantic elements. Increased use of chromatic harmony.

Expanded Development and Coda s ections. Adde d Sc herzo

and Trio. Cyclical for m, linked movements together. Added

new instruments . F idelio, Violin Concer to, Symphonies 3- 8.

15. Beethoven: Family and Education: Father was court

musician at Electoral Court. Early s tudies in piano, or gan,

 violin, viola. L es sons in co mpos ition and counterpoint from

Christian Nee fe. As sumed head of house hold at ear ly age .

Briefly s tudied with Haydn in Vienna in 1792.

16. Beethoven: Imitation Period: 1782-1802 Abso rbed

Classical traits, Sturm und Drang influence. Symphonies #1 and

2 written.17. Beethoven: Reflec tion:1815-1827 Style became more

abs tract and meditative. Employed c ounterpoint and fugal

 writing . Experimented further, SATB chorus to S ymphony 9.

Use of Theme and Variation. Missa solemnis, Symphony 9.

18. Beethoven: Style: Bold innovator, exp anded class ical forms,

transformed genres. Replaced minuet and trio with scherzo,

use of cyclical structure, programmatic element, added

chorus. Explosive a cc ents , e xtreme dynamic contras t.

Included new instruments : picco lo, trombone, co ntra-

 bas soon. Exploited improved piano.

19. Beethoven: Works: 32 Piano Sonatas, 9 Symphonies, 5

Piano Concertos, 1 Violin Concerto, Large quantity of chambermusic, including 18 s tring quartets. F idelio. Miss a So lemnis.

Song Cycle.

20 . Moz art: Basic Info: (1756-1791) Born: Salzburg, Austria

Died: Vienna, Austria.

RCM Music History 1 BiosStudy online at quizlet.com/_1d6rl

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21. Mozart: Career: Child pro digy, toured Europe with older s is ter Maria Anna. At age 6 played for Empres s Maria Theres a. Plagued

illnes ses throughout. Firs t music published in Paris in 1764. F irst official appointment to the c ourt of Ar chbishop von Collor edo in 176

Unhappy, unable to compose operas. Three visits to Italy and composed several operas including Mitridate and Lucio Silla. Admired

 work o f Mannheim Orc hestra. Major o pera c ommiss ion in 1781 - Idomeneo. Moved to Vienna in 1781. Co mpos ed a singspeil in 1782.

Married against father's wishes to Constanze Weber .

22 . Mozart: Career 1782 onward: Met Haydn and Beethoven in Vienna. Joined Order of Freemasons, in 1784. Lorenzo da Ponte

Libre ttist fo Marriag e of Figa ro in 1786. 1787 Don Giovanni in Prague. 1791 The Mag ic Flute. wo rked o n Requiem Mass, unfinished.

23 . Mozart: Family: Father Leopold was a successful court violinist and composer. Received first instruction from his father, became virtuos o harps ichor dist, pianist, organist, violinist, and c ompo ser .

24. Mozart: Influences: J. S. Bach (Polyphonic tecture) G.F. Handel, J.C. Bach (piano concerto), Haydn (Sonata form, string quartet)

25 . Mozart: Style: Symmetrical natural phrase structures. Developed Sonata-Allegro Form. Contributed to three-movement concerto

form, use o f double expo in first movement. Voc al qualities ab sor bed into instrumental writing. Develope d the opera buffa. Balance s

diatonic and Chromatic harmonies. Expanded use of wind instruments. Works catalogued by Ludwig von Kochel.

26 . Mozart: Works: Over 40 symphonies, including Jupiter. 27 piano concertos, 5 violin concertos. 23 String quartets including "The

Hunt". Opera -Idomeneo 1781; opera buffa -Le nozze di Figaro 1786; Cosi fan Tutti. Don Giovanni 1787 Vocal Works: Ave verum

cor pus, 8 mass es, R equiem