Baseline study for Strengthening of Knowledge Products available for industrial

wastewater management

Approach being followed

National Productivity Council, Delhi

Output 4 Indicator (at National Level)

• Output 4 Indicators: • Output 4, Indicator 4.1 • 8 knowledge products (4 Handbooks, 3 good practices document, 1 ICT

portal) are nationwide available to public bodies, viz. MoEFCC and CPCB. • » Base value: 1 handbook, 1 good practices documents, 1 ICT based

system • » Target value: 4 Handbooks, 3 good practices document, 1 ICT based

system

• Output 4, Indicator 4.2 • A symposium with 80 representatives of all states on the nationwide

application of institutional improvements and measures took place. • » Base value: 0 • » Target value: 1 Symposium mit 80 Representatives

Output 4 Indicator (at State Level)

• Output 4, Indicator 4.1 • 4 knowledge products (2 Handbooks,1 good practices document, 1

ICT portal) are nationwide available to public bodies in Uttarakhand, viz. SIIDCUL and SIDA.

• » Base value: Zero • » Target value: 2 Handbooks, 1 good practices document, 1 ICT

based system

• Output 4, Indicator 4.2 • A symposium with 40 representatives of various stakeholders from

Uttarakhand on the State-wide application of institutional improvements and measures took place.

• » Base value: 0 • » Target value: 1 Symposium with 40 Representatives

Terms of Reference

•To cover all the relevant knowledge products at national level /State level (Uttarakhand) in the sector of industrial waste water management, including prevention and control of pollution.

• To look closely into MoEF & CC, CPCB and other relevant national agencies (SIDA & SIDCUL in case of Uttarakhand).

• The baseline assessment shall address all relevant areas of industrial wastewater management. These include, but not limited to, Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs), Effluent Treatment Plants (ETPs) in individual industries, recycling and reuse of industrial wastewater/ZLD, pollution monitoring including online monitoring, skills development of relevant personnel and infrastructure in industrial areas, such as storm water drainage network, conveyance network, sewerage network, sludge, river rejuvenation etc. Each industrial wastewater topic should be assessed in relevance to output 4 objective and indicators.

• The knowledge products that help in industrial waste water management, including prevention and control of pollution. These include, Handbooks, Manuals/Guidelines, Good practice documents, ICT based systems / Online tools, Web-based platforms, Online courses/forums, training manuals, etc

Source : R. Kaur et al. Wastewater Production, Treatment and Use in India(Water Technology Centre, Indian Agricultural Institute India, New Delhi)

Projected Water Demand across Sectors in India

The Economics of Wastewater Treatment ( CPCB, 2007)

Global water reuse after advanced (tertiary) treatment: Market share by application

Source: Lautze et al. (2014, Figure 2, p. 5, based on Global Water Intelligence data).

Ladder of increasing value propositions for reuse with increasing investments in water quality or the value chain

Main Task 1: Information /Data Collection

• Sub Task 1: a detailed inventory of various available knowledge products in the area of industrial waste water managementInternet searches and KP downloads initiated for further SWOTanalysis. CPCB inputs / access on KPs sought. Plan to communicatealso with key publishers of suitably identified KPs being consideredto obtain insights on popularity of identified KPs / copies sold /demand perceived / feedback received from users/ ongoing orfuture KP developments etc.One indicative gap already identified as need for a Handbook or Guide for industrial process water quality perspectives for various sectors

• Sub Task 2 : A ½ day kick-off workshop to be organised with CPCB, MOEFCC and other stakeholdersKey Stakeholders being identified & Communication to send. Date to finalise in September 2019.

Main Task 1: Information /Data Collection

A perspective of KPs analysis (Focus on CETP / ETP Design documents and Texts reference):

• KP published year and age as on date

• Copies sold (reflection on demand if possible trend available)

• User variety / User base

• User countries / regions

• Citations received (where available)

• Frequency indicator amongst usage by Users (including Professors / Consultants /Regulators etc)

• Availability in libraries and / or accessibility online

• Number of editions / versions published

• Topics covered and range / spectrum of issues reflected on the subject of industrialwastewater management

• Technologies enumerated and quality of insights provided to user (data / Numericals /Benchmarks etc)

• New insights / knowledge offered to the field and its advancement

• Feedback aspects as received by author / publisher from users and their sentimentregarding KP

• Perspectives regarding the KPs from user response to questionnaires indicating any ranking/ rating of the utility of the KP amongst their top 10 choices

• Reflections of future expectations on the KPs being referred by Users etc.

Main Task 2: Gap Analysis / Needs Analysis

• Sub Task 1: List out briefly the availability and scope of the existing KPs

Exploration and access to different types of KPs begun and CPCB accessalso sought.

• Sub Task 2 : Identify and assess the adequacies of existing KPs forIndustrial Waste water management, including prevention and controlof pollution

Mapping, SWOT, Gaps and Needs analysis focused questionnaires beingdeveloped (sample draft questionnaires to send to Industry / TechnologyProviders enclosed for further refinement)

• Sub Task 3 : a detailed inventory of various available knowledgeproducts in the area of industrial waste water management

Internet searches and KP downloads initiated for further SWOT analysis.CPCB inputs / access on KPs being pursued.

Main Task 2: Gap Analysis / Needs Analysis

• Sub Task 4 : Identify the gaps and deficiencies with adequate reasons. Also identifyneeds for new products. Prepare a draft Gap Analysis and Needs assessmentreport.

Besides an initial set of stakeholder groups that was being deliberated, It isplanned also to communicate with authors of the appropriately identified KPsahead to strengthen the analysis on gaps and action plans to develop new KPsand additional versions / editions of the available KPs as well, based on feedbackreceived by authors on existing products. Suggestions / contact details /facilitation from GIZ to communicate with suitable stakeholders and authors ofKPs especially from Germany would be useful.

• Sub Task 5 : Present the Gap analysis before Technical Working Group forcomments / suggestions

Indicative dates to address as inputs arrive.

• Sub Task 6 : Update the gap analysis and prepare final gap analysis / needsassessment report

Based on responses to questionnaires / communications / interactive meetingsand compilations / analysis and deliberations

Main Task 3: Suggestions / Recommendations

• Sub Task 1: Detail out suggestions / recommendations in the form of draft report with indications concerning :- new KPs required ; modifications for existing KPs; new ICT based tools; approach for strengthening procedure and processes of developing KPs; solutions for establishing regular feedback to verify usefulness (beyond citations as indicators) etc;

Inputs from the field interactions / questionnaire surveys / telephonic interviews / email communications etc shall be collated / analysed and structured towards the insights on suggestions / recommendations that emerge

• Sub Task 2 : Present the Suggestions / Recommendations to TWG and also prepare workshop reports and MoM of the meetings

Mapping, SWOT, Gaps and Needs analysis focused questionnaires being developed

• Sub Task 3 : Prepare the final report

A comprehensive report structuring the initiatives undertaken and gap analysis and needs analysis outputs and outcomes and highlighting the collated and analysed suggestions / recommendations shall be prepared, including reflecting on likely content perspectives for potential new KPs

Matrix for types of Knowledge products in industrial wastewater management

i. Guidelines, ii. Handbook, iii. Manual, iv. Tool/ software, v. Research document, vi. Any other reference

S.no. 1) Design 2) Installation3) Operation & maintenance

4) Regulatory compliance

5) Bid processing documents

a)

unit operations Supply

SOPs for each unit processes / equipment

Statutory requirement / EIA/ EC/ CTE/ CTO

Contractual requirement

b)Primary / secondary/ tertiary treatment erection

Trouble shooting

Discharge standards Finances

c)Conveyance / storm water drain/ piping network testing

Laboratory Sampling & Analysis / analytic procedures

Optimum operational considerations / bio-Kinetics

Available funding schemes

d)Sludge generation / management

commissioning

Accidental discharge plan

Plant adequacy / feasibility Investors

e)

Costing stablization

Monitoring (Manual, online, real time, remote)/ Record keeping

List of service / technology providers

f)ZLD

Safety & Health Aspects

List of equipment providers

g)Retrofit / capacity augmentaion / system upgradation

Best Practices / skill development

Identified Stakeholders Knowledge products required

Knowledge products that already exist

End users

Industry / ETP/ CETP1 a), 1 b), 1 c), 1 d), 1 e), 1 f), 1 g)

2 a), 2 b), 2 c), 2 d), 2 e) 3 a), 3 b), 3 c), 3 d), 3 e), 3 f), 3 g)

4 a), 4 b), 4 c), 4 d)

Plant Manager/ supervisor

Plant operator/ technician

Lab analyst3 c), 3 d), 3 e), 3 f), 3 g)

4 b),5 f)

Service provider

Turnkey service providers

1 a), 1 b), 1 c), 1 d), 1 e), 1 f), 1 g)2 a), 2 b), 2 c), 2 d), 2 e)

3 a), 3 b), 3 c), 3 d), 3 e), 3 f), 3 g)4 a), 4 b), 4 c), 4 d)

5a), 5 b), 5 c), 5 d), 5 e), 5 f)Technology providers

Equipment suppliers

1 a), 1 e)2 a), 2 b), 2 c), 2 d), 2 e)

3 a), 3 b), 3 f), 3 g)4 b), 5 f)

O&M providing agency

1 a), 1 b), 1 c), 1 d), 2 c), 2 d), 2 e)

3 a), 3 b), 3 c), 3 d), 3 e), 3 f), 3 g)4 b), 4 c), 5a), 5 f)

Academia

Professor/ Teacher 1 a), 1 b), 1 c), 1 d), 1 e), 1 f), 1 g)

4 a), 4 b), 4 c), 4 d)

5a), 5 b), 5 c), 5 d), 5 e), 5 f)

PHD scholar/ researcher

Institutes

students

Regulatory bodies

Judiciary / NGT 1 a), 1 b), 1 c), 1 d), 1 e), 1 f), 1 g)

3 a), 3 b), 3 c), 3 d), 3 e), 3 f), 3 g)4 a), 4 b), 4 c), 4 d)

5a), 5 b), 5 c), 5 d), 5 e), 5 f)

MoEF&CC

CPCB / SPCB

NMCG

Consultant

MEP Consultant 1 a), 1 b), 1 c), 1 d), 1 e), 1 f), 1 g)2 a), 2 b), 2 c), 2 d), 2 e)

3 a), 3 b), 3 c), 3 d), 3 e), 3 f), 3 g)4 a), 4 b), 4 c), 4 d)

5a), 5 b), 5 c), 5 d), 5 e), 5 f)

Third party auditors

PMC consultant

Investors

Financial institution

1 e), 4 a), 4 b),

5a), 5 b), 5 c), 5 d), 5 e), 5 f)

Government bodies

Industrial development authorities

Industrial associations

Publisher Authors

1 a), 1 b), 1 c), 1 d), 1 e), 1 f), 1 g)2 d), 2 e)

3 a), 3 c), 3 d), 3 e), 3 f), 3 g)4 a), 4 b), 4 c), 4e), 4f),

5a), 5 b), 5 c)

Identified Stakeholders Knowledge products requiredKnowledge products

that already exist

CPCB• The Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), was constituted in

September, 1974 under the Water (Prevention and Control ofPollution) Act, 1974. Further, CPCB was entrusted with the powersand functions under the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act, 1981

Principal Functions of the Pollution Control Board

(i) To promote cleanliness of streams and wells in different areasof the States by prevention, control and abatement of waterpollution.

(ii) To improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abateair pollution in the country

• Advise the central government on any matter concerningprevention and control of water and air pollution and improvementof the quality of surface waters and air.

• Plan and cause to be executed nationwide programmes for theprevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution;

• Coordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputesamong them;

• Provide technical assistance and guidance to the State Boards,carryout and sponsor investigation and research relating toproblems of water and air pollution;

• Plan and organize training of persons engaged in programmes forprevention, control or abatement of water and air pollution

Functions of the Central Pollution Control Board

Functions of the Central Pollution Control Board (contd..)

• Organize through mass media, a comprehensive mass awareness programon control, prevention or abatement of water and air pollution;

• Collect ,compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to waterand air pollution and the measures devised for their effective prevention,control or abatement;

• Prepare manuals, codes and guidance relating to treatment and disposalof sewage and trade effluents as well as for stack gas cleaning devices,stacks and ducts;

• Disseminate information in respect of matters relating to water and airpollution and their prevention and control;

• Lay down, modify or annul, in consultation with state governmentconcerned, the standard for stream or well or quality of air;

• Establish or recognize laboratories to enable the Board to perform and;• Perform such other functions as and when prescribed by the government

of India;

Functions of the state Pollution Control Board

1) To collect information relating water/air pollution and to encourage, conduct, participate in investigations and research relating to problems of water pollutions.

2) To plan a comprehensive programme through mass media for prevention, control or abatement of air /water pollution.

3) To advice the Central and State Government, in any matter concerning the prevention, control or abatement of air/water pollution.

4) To inspect sewage or trade effluents, works and plants for the treatment of sewage or trade effluent.

5) To evolve economical and reliable methods of effluents of sewage and trade effluents

6) To evolve methods of utilization of sewage and suitable trade effluents in agriculture.

7) To evolve efficient methods of disposal of sewage and trade effluents on land 8) To lay down standards of treatment of sewage and trade effluents, to be

discharged into any particular stream (prevention, control, abatement of discharged of wastes into stream or wells)

Knowledge Products (KP) required or available with CPCB

What are the KPs available KP required

To Advice the Central Government, on any matter concerning abatement of water pollution

To Provide technical assistance and guidance to the state boards carry out and sponsor investigations and research relating to problems of water pollution and its control and abatement.

Categories: Handbook, Manual, Textbook, Database, Web portal, Software, Online course, ICT etc

Knowledge Products (KP) required or available with CPCB

What are the KPs available KP required

To Plan and cause to be execute a nation-wide programme through mass media for the provision,control or abatement of water pollution.

To Organize through mass media a comprehensive programme towards prevention, control and abatement of water pollution

Categories: Handbook, Manual, Textbook, Database, Web portal, Software, Online course, ICT etc

Knowledge Products (KP) required or available with CPCB

What are the KPs available KP required

To Collect, compile and publish technical and statistical data relating to air pollution/water pollution and the measures devised for its effective prevention, control and abatement and prepared manuals.

To Collect and disseminate information in respect of matters relating to air/water pollution.

Categories: Handbook, Manual, Textbook, Database, Web portal, Software, Online course, ICT etc

Standard Development by CPCB

• Prioritisation;

• Input provided by industry, academia, NGOs and SPCBs/PCCs;

• Environmental and techno-economic considerations;

• International considerations;

• Public consultation;

• Development of more stringent standards; and

• Implementation.

Prioritisation

Enforcing standards1. Gather information on non-compliance through site visits and monitoring.2. Analyse samples at a certified laboratory.3. Issue a “show cause” notice and if the violation continues, a legal notice of the violation.4. A review hearing at the SPCB/PCC, with evidence provided by the non-complier in itsdefence.5. Issue a notice of proposed directive detailing enforcement response (which may includecut-off or closure of utilities) and/or corrective action and compliance schedules.6. After review of possible objection by the violator, issue a final directive.7. In case of non-compliance with the directive, initiate prosecution in criminal court.

Monitoring of Industrial Units by SPCBs

Non Compliance

Information/Documents being sought from CPCB

– Copies of COINDs on various industrial sectors

– latest norms/standards applicable for different industrial sector wrt wastewater management incl. recycle/reuse

– River rejuvenation information

– Guideline/manuals for wastewater treatment

– Manual/guideline for color removal in pulp and paper sector

– Technology document for Textile sector, etc available

– Details of Online monitoring system and data structure and current status of collated data analysis

– Best Available Technologies (BAT) related documents

– Insights on Pollution Monitoring aspects / schedules / features as undertaken by CPCB / SPCBs for industrial units

– Details of Standard Operating Procedures developed in the context of Waste Water management and related advise to industry

– ICT portals referred by CPCB / SPCBs and / or related plan for development and related perspectives.

Information/Documents being sought from CPCB

Some of the available KPs with CPCB

Documents• COINDS • Guide Manual: Water & Wastewater• Specification & Guidelines for CEMS – 2013-2014• Guidelines For Development of Location Specific Stringent Standards

2008-09• Recovery of better quality reusable salt from soak liquor of tanneries in

solar evaporation pans• Some sector specific Guideline such as color removal in pulp and paper• OECD (2006) Environmental Compliance and Enforcement in India: Rapid

Assessment via https://www.oecd.org/env/ outreach/37838061.pdfSoftware/ICT• CEMS• Some GIS based platform are available which can be further developed

into KP tools for specific purpose

Some Indicative KP requirements at CPCB (First stage interactions on 24 September 2019)

1. Detailed Case studies on River pollution scenarios, pollution monitoring, river cleaning, rejuvenation and recovery / revitalization

2. Development and advancing of India specific Water Quality Index as a framework and methodology for implementation across regions covering surface and ground water regimes

3. Sustainable Portals / websites / Transportals etc., with deeper integration of possibly Artificial Intelligence application and Machine learning / data mining algorithms for comprehensively generating Technology options, addressing industry and stakeholder needs on specific range of wastewater management issues, addressing and providing end to end solutions via an open platform for bringing in multi-country inputs on technology options/guidance, reflecting India specific needs and indicators etc. The economics and relevance of such platforms should be driven by the beneficiaries and their business model structures

Some Indicative KP requirements at CPCB (First stage interactions on 24 September 2019)

4. Self certification platforms for engineers and operators and wastewater professionals and availability of their databases for engagement by industry and regulatory bodies

5. Real time incidence response frameworks building on online monitoring networks concerning wastewater related emergencies in the context of chemicals and toxics releases, pollutant load factors, floods and disaster impacts assessments and related recovery systems including mechanisms of strengthening additional real time data needs incorporation etc.

6. Training module for fresh appointees with a Identified training Institute

Planned : Interaction with Technology providers and Questionnaire Development

• Ion Exchange• TWIK• Rockem• Thermax• L &T• Degremont• Babcock & Wilox• Alfa- level• Triveni Engg, etc

Questionnaire development

▪ Through Brainstorming with some selected stakeholders such as Some selected technology provider, CETP operator/industry, industrial association, CPCB/DPCC

▪ Through inputs from Academia, Research Institute

Communication with Water & Environment departments in Developed Countries

• USA: EPA of each state/ regions

• USA: Boards for water quality enforcement such as RWQCB and SWRCB

• Canadian Water Department

• Water & Environment Department, Govt., of South Australia

• DeFRA

• European Commission

• German Water Department

A set of Colleges / Universities whose Coursework insights being analysed (as obtained from internet)

Set 1 Set 2 Set 3 Set 4 Set 5

Bharat Institute Of Engineering and Technology Hyderabad

Veer Surendra Institute of Technology Odisha

Uttar Pradesh Technical University Lucknow

Delhi Technological University IIT Bhubaneshwar

IIT Guwahati

Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University Hyderabad IIT Bhubaneshwar Nagpur University

Pondicherry University

Krishna University

National Institute of Technology Manipur

National Institute of Technology Kurukshetra

National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal

Indian School of Mines IIT Dhanbad

IIT Patna

National Institute of Technology Tiruchirapalli

SV National Institute of Technology Surat

Malviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur

Kerala Technological University

National Institute of Technology Warangal

Mewar University Chittorgarh

PEC University of Technology, Chandigarh

Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology Nagpur

Sl.No Title Author Publication & Year Frequency

1 Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse Metcalf & Eddy Tata McGraw Hill 17

2 Industrial Water Pollution Control Eckenfelder W.W. Tata McGraw Hill 10

3 Wastewater Treatment for Pollution Control Arceivala, S.J. Tata McGraw Hill 7

4 Water Supply and Sanitary Engineering G.S.Birdie & J.S.Birdie Dhanpat Rai & Sons 2

5 A Treatise on rural, municipal and industrial water management KVSG Murali Krishna Reem Publications 1

6 Environmental sanitation(social and preventive medicine) Dr.P.V.Rama Raju & KVSG Mural Krishna Environmental Protection Society 1

7 Municipal and Rural Sanitation Ehlers,V.M. & Steel,E.W. McGraw Hill book company,Inv 5

edition

1

8 Environmental sanitation Ehlers,V.M. & Steel,E.W. Mcgraw-Hill Book Co.,Inc 1

9 Environmental Pollution and Toxicology Meera Asthana and Asthana D.k., Alka Printers 1

10 Theories and practices of Industrial waste treatment N.L.Nemerow Addison Wesley publishing 4

11 Liquid waste from Industry-Theories,Practices and Treatment N.L.Nemerow Addison Wesley publishing 2

12 Industrial and Hazrdous Waste Treatment N.L.Nemerow and Dasgupta A. Van Nostarnd Reinhold New York 1

13 Zero Pollution for Industry:Waste minimization through industrial

complexes

N.L.Nemerow John Wiley & Sons 1

14 Fundamentals of Wastewater Treatment and Engineering Rumana Riffat CRC Press 1

15 Industrial water treatment handbook Frank Woodard Butterworth Heinemann 3

16 Biological Process Design for wastewater treatment Benefield L.D. and Randall C.W. Prentice Hall,New Jersey 4

17 Wastewater treatment M.N.Rao and Dutta Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.

Ltd.

6

18 Water and wastewater technology Hammer Sr.,Mark J Pearson 2

19 Principles of industrial waste treatment C.F. Gurnham John Wiley and Son 3

20 Industrial wastewater management handbook Hardam Singh Azad McGraw-Hill Education 2

21 Industrial Pollution control handbook Herbert F.Lund McGraw-Hill 1

22 Water Recycling and Pollution control handbook A.V.Bridgwater Van Nostrand Reinhold 1

23 Pollution control in process industries S.P.Mahajan Tata McGraw-Hill Education 1

24 Water Supply Engineering Dr.P.N.Modi Standard book house 1

Sl.No Title Author Publication & Year Frequency

25 Water Supply and Wastewater Engineering Dr.B.S.N.Raju Tata McGraw-Hill 1

26 Water Supply Engineering B.C.Punmia Laxmi Publications 1

27 Water Supply Engineering S.K.Hussain Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt.

Ltd.

1

28 Water Supply Waste Disposal & Environmental Engineering A K Chatterjee Khanna Publishers 1

29 Environmental Biotechnology T Srinivas New Age International 1

30 Environmental Engineering Hovard S.Peavy,Donald R.Rowe,George

Tchobanoglous

McGraw-Hill 9

31 Wastewater Treatment Concepts and Design Approach Karia G.L. and R.A.Christian Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. 2

32 Elements of Environmental Engineering Dr.K.N.Duggal S.Chand Publishing 1

33 Wastewater Treatment Plants:Planning,design and operation Qasim,S.R. Holt,Rinehart & Winston 3

34 Waterworks Engineering:Planning,Design and Operation Qasim,S.R.,Motley E.M.,Guang Zhu Prentice Hall 3

35 Activated sludge treatment of industrial wastewater Eckenfelder W.W.,Jack L.Musterman CRC Press 1

36 Water Supply and Sewerage Steel E.W. and McGhee McGraw Hill College 3

37 Process Chemistry for water and wastewater treatment Larry D.Benefield,Joseph F.Judkins,Barron L.Weand Prentice Hall 2

38 Chemistry for Environmental Engineering and Science Clair Sawyer,Perry Mccarty,Gene Parkin McGraw Hill 4

39 Physiochemical processes for water quality control Weber Jr.,Walter J. John Wiley and Sons 2

40 Handbook of Environmental Engineering Calculations C.C.Lee,S.D.Lin McGraw Hill NewYork 1

41 Wastewater Engineering(Including Air Pollution) B.C.Punmia,Ashok Jain,Arun Jain Laxmi Publications 1

42 Sewage Disposal and Air Pollution Engineering S.K.Garg Khanna Publishers 2

43 Introduction to Environmental Engineering M.L.Davis and D.A.Cornwell Mc-Graw Hill 1

44 Water and wastewater engineering:water supply and wastewater removal Fair,Geyer and Okun John Wiley and Sons 5

45 Fundamentals of Biological Wastewater Treatment Dr.Udo Wiesmann,Dr. In Su Choi and Dr.Eva Maria Wiley-VCH 2

46 Water Supply Engineering S.K.Garg Khanna Publishers 1

47 Manual on Sewerage and Sewage Treatment CPHEEO Govt. of India 6

48 Manual on Water Supply and Treatment CPHEEO Govt. of India 6

49 Industrial wastewater management,treatment and disposal WEF McGraw-Hill Education 2

50 Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater Eugene W.Rice,Roger B.Baird,Andrew D.Eaton,Lenore

S.Clesceri

APHA 2

Additional Elements with respect of KPs

What could be needed in new KPs or as KPs

▪ Costing elements and indexations with respect to design of ETPs / CETPs

▪ Comparison amongst alternatives based on site specific conditions (with range of conditions and parameters accounted for)

▪ Electromechanical detailing and equipment descriptions and alternatives

▪ O&M Manuals and worksheets and usage features

▪ Models with respect to revenue and cost benefits (enterprise / society level)

▪ Sector specific features / key differentiators or focus elements highlighting unit specific and cluster specific treatment approaches, design and outcomes

▪ Comparison of influent characteristics and treated effluent characteristics across sectors and any justifications thereto with respect to emission norms

▪ Go and no – go conditions for typical designs

▪ Quantum of input for construction personnel

▪ Towards prevention and control, detailing water auditing procedures

▪ Also reflections on ambient water quality and discharge channels

▪ EIA requirements / Environmental Clearance aspects and modeling, including for river and sea water discharges of treated effluents

▪ Solved numericals and Question / Answer banks for designers of different stages of knowledge building

▪ Mapping of existing knowledge products with regard to

Levels served : Beginner, intermediate, advancedComprehensiveness : outlining, exhaustiveStakeholder focus : Designers / industry owners / entrepreneurs and technical staff / lab analysts / general public / students etc.

▪ Case examples and case studies focused KPs : (regarding successes / failures / upgrades and redesign and also covering tendering elements and cross references)

Additional Elements with respect of KPs