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BANKING INDUSTRY REPORT Q2/2018
1
Executive summary 4
1.Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking
industry5
1.1 International context 5
1.1.1 World economy overview 6
1.1.2 Current situation of world economy 7
1.2 Domestic context 11
1.2.1 Domestic economy overview 12
1.2.2 Current situation of domestic economy 14
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government 19
1.3.1 Objectives of macroeconomic policies in 2018 20
1.3.2 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government 21
1.3.3 Policies of the State Bank of Vietnam 22
2 Banking performance evaluation 27
2.1 Operations of world banking system 27
2.1.1Outstanding policies of central banks over the world
and in the region28
2.1.2Exchange rate movement of some currencies over the
world33
Content
2.1.3 Interbank interest rate movement of some countries 34
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry 35
2.2.1 Mobilization and loans 36
2.2.2 Interest rate and exchange rate 40
2.2.3 Balance of Payment 42
2.2.4 Total liquidity 43
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam 44
2.3.1 Interest rate 45
2.3.2 Exchange rate 46
2.3.3 OMO market 48
2.3.4 Required reserve 49
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam 51
2.4.1 Banking activity overview 52
2.4.2Banking network development and payment system of
banks64
2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks 69
2.4.4 Outlook and forecast 83
2
AMC Asset Management Company
ATM Automated Teller Machine
RE Real Estate
BOP Balance of Payment
MP Monetary Policy
DATC Vietnam Debt and Asset Trading Corporation
FDI Foreign Directed Investment
IMF International Monetary Fund
IB Interbank
Abbreviation
3
SBV State Bank of Vietnam
CB Commercial Bank
ODA Official Development Assistance
OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
POS/EDC/ETF Credit Card Machine
EO Economic Organization
CI Credit Institution
VAMC Vietnam Asset Management Company
VIRAC Vietnam Industry Research and Consultancy JSC
4
• Banking industry in the first 3 months have achieved many remarkable results such as:
• In addition, there are some limitations that the banking sector must continue to improve in the future:
• It is forecasted that the banking sector will continue to operate stably without major fluctuations in 2018.
Executive summary
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Content
5
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.1 International context
1.2 Domestic context
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government
World economy recovery in 2017 was quite clear.
Increase in global trade is a key driving force boosting world economy.
Economy in the EU region continues to grow strongly.
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.1 International context - 1.1.1 World economy overview
6
%
Source: VIRAC, IMF
Global economic growth, 2011-1/2018
Source: VIRAC, World Bank
Economic growth and commodity prices, 2010-2018e
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1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.1 International context - 1.1.2 Current situation of world economy
Source: VIRAC, ADB
GDP of ASEAN countries, 1970 - 2016USD billion
Source: VIRAC, Bloomberg
Economic growth in ASEAN, 2013 - 2018F
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8
Source: VIRAC, IMF, WB, GSO
• The general inflation rate of the world and other major economies
tended to increase slightly compared to 2015.
• However, the inflation rate in 2016 was still lower than that in 2014.
Global inflation rate and in some economic regions,
2012 – 10M/2016e
Inflation rate in some countries and in the region,
2014 – 10M/2016e
Source: VIRAC, IMF, WB, GSO
%
%
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.1 International context - 1.1.2 Current situation of world economy
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Basic commodity prices in the world, 2016 – 2018f
Source: VIRAC, World Bank
In 2017, world commodity prices continued to fluctuate on upward trend,
mainly due to sharp rise in energy and metal prices and little volatility of
food prices.
9
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.1 International context - 1.1.2 Current situation of world economy
Indicator Unit 2016 2017e 2018f
Change
2016-
2017e
2017e-
2018f
Source: VIRAC, World Bank
World commodity prices, 2013 - 2017
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1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.1 International context
1.2 Domestic context
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government
• 2018 is the third year in the whole country to implement the "Five-year Socio-economic Development Plan 2016-2020", taking place in the context
of world economic breakthrough growth, vibrant global trade, especially good import export activities in emerging and developing markets, and
increase in commodity prices due to increasingly high demand, etc.
• In 2018 there are several important political and economic events as follows:
11
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.2 Domestic context – 1.2.1 Domestic economy overview
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In the first 3 months of 2018, economic growth reached 7.38%,
keeping positive trend since the end of 2017.
Economic growth, 2014 – 3M/2018
Source: VIRAC, GSO
Indicator 2014 2015 2016 20173M/201
8
(Unit: VND trillion)
GDP
Agriculture, Forestry and
Fishing
Industry and Construction
Services
Products taxes less
subsidies on production
Economic growth rate, 2014 – 3M/2018
Source: VIRAC, GSO
12
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.2 Domestic context – 1.2.2 Current situation of domestic economy
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Source: VIRAC, GSO
Share of Vietnam's GDP by economic sector,
2014 – 3M/2018
13
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.2 Domestic context – 1.2.2 Current situation of domestic economy
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Source: VIRAC, GSO
Growth rate of retail sales of consumer goods and services,
2014 – 3M/2018
• In 2017, the economy in general and commodity market in
particular continued to flourishVND trillion
Retail sales of consumer goods and services, 2014 – 3M/2018
%
14
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.2 Domestic context – 1.2.2 Current situation of domestic economy
Source: VIRAC, GSO
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• Consumer price index (CPI) in the first 3 months of 2018 has many
changes.
Source: VIRAC, Agency of Price Management
Price movement of some basic commodities, 2014 – 3M/2018
VND/kg
*Petrol price unit: VND/liter
15
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.2 Domestic context – 1.2.2 Current situation of domestic economy
Overall consumer price index and commodity groups in the CPI
basket, 2014 – 3M/2018
Source: VIRAC, GSO
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Source: VIRAC, GSO
Other economic indicators: Some macroeconomic indicators of Vietnam, 2014 – 3M/2018
Source: VIRAC, GSO
Some macroeconomic indicators, 2014 – 3M/2018
%
16
VND trillion
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.2 Domestic context – 1.2.2 Current situation of domestic economy
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FDI and commodity import-export value, 2014 – 3M/2018
Source: VIRAC, GSO
USD billion
17
FDI and commodity import-export growth, 2014 – 3M/2018
Source: VIRAC, GSO
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.2 Domestic context – 1.2.2 Current situation of domestic economy
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18
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.1 International context
1.2 Domestic context
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government
Objectives of the macroeconomic policies in 2018
19
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.1 Objectives of the macroeconomic policies in 2018
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• Policies of the ministries, industries and the Government
20
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.2 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government
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• Important regulatory policies affecting the banking sector in 2017
21
1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.3 Policies of the State Bank of Vietnam
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• Important operating policies in the first three months of 2018 by the State Bank of Vietnam
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1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.3 Policies of the State Bank of Vietnam
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Thoroughly resolving bad debts through Decree 61/2017/ND-CP and Resolution 42/2017/QH14.
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1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.3 Policies of the State Bank of Vietnam
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Interest rate support through Decision 1424/QD-NHNN and 1425/QD-NHNN
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1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.3 Policies of the State Bank of Vietnam
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1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.3 Policies of the State Bank of Vietnam
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1. Macroeconomic situation affecting the banking industry
1.3 Policies of ministries, departments and the Government - 1.3.3 Policies of the State Bank of Vietnam
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Content
27
2 Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system – 2.1.1 Outstanding policies of central banks over the world and in the region
Fed Funds Rate, 2008 - 2017
YearBeginning
of the year
Increase
time
Decrease
time
End of the
year
%
Interest rate movement according to Fed Funds Rate,
2008 - 2017
28
Source: VIRAC, FED
Source: VIRAC, FED
World’s top largest economies:
• Federal Reserve System (FED):
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Interest rate of ECB, 2008 - 2017
Source: VIRAC, ECB
• European Central Bank (ECB):
Interest rate of ECB, 2008 - 2017
Year
Beginning
of the
year
Increase
time
Decrease
time
End of the
year
29
Source: VIRAC, ECB
%
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system – 2.1.1 Outstanding policies of central banks over the world and in the region
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Interest rate of BOJ, 2008 - 2017
Source: VIRAC, BOJ
YearBeginning of
the year
Increase
time
Decrease
time
End of
the year
Interest rate of BOJ, 2008 - 2017
30
Source: VIRAC, BOJ
%
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system – 2.1.1 Outstanding policies of central banks over the world and in the region
• Bank of Japan (BOJ):
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Interest rate of PBOC, 2008 - 2017
Source: VIRAC, Global Rate
Some economies in the region
• People’s Bank of China (PBOC):
Interest rate of PBOC, 2008 - 2017
YearBeginning
of the year
Increase
time
Decrease
time
End of the
year
31
Source: VIRAC, Global Rate
%
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system – 2.1.1 Outstanding policies of central banks over the world and in the region
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• Other central banks in Asean region:
32
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system – 2.1.1 Outstanding policies of central banks over the world and in the region
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system – 2.1.2 Exchange rate movement of some currencies over the world
• USD was devalued on the international market
IndicatorExchange rate Change (%)
2016 2017 2016 2017
Exchange rates of some currencies in the world, 2016 - 2017
Source: VIRAC, Investing.com
USD Index, 2014 - 2017
33
Source: VIRAC, Investing.com
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Interbank interest rate in some countries in the world: Interbank interest rate in some countries, 2014 - 2017
Source: VIRAC, OECD
Interest rate movement of the interbank market in the world,
2014 - 2017
Indicator 2014 2015 2016 2017
Interest rate (Unit: %)
34
Source: VIRAC, OECD
%
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system – 2.1.3 Interbank interest rate movement of some countries
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2 Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam
36
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.1 Mobilization and loans
Some indicators of banking industry
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Indicator 2014 2015 2016 2017 3/2018
Value (VND trillion)
Total liquidity
Total capital
mobilization in the
economy
Credit to the
economy
Growth rate compared to the end of last year
Total liquidity
Total capital
mobilization in the
economy
Credit to the
economy
VND trillion
Total liquidity, capital mobilization and credit to the economy,
2014 – 3/2018
Source: VIRAC, SBV
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.1 Mobilization and loans
%
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Loan to deposit ratio, 2/2018
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Loan to deposit ratio (LDR), 8/2016-3/2018
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.1 Mobilization and loans
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Credit to the economy, 2014 – 3/2018
Indicator 2014 2015 2016 2017 3/2018
Value (VND trillion)
Total
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Industry and
Construction
Industry
Construction
Trading, transport and
telecommunication
Trade
Transport and
telecommunication
Other services
Growth rate compared to the end of last year (%)
Total
Agriculture, Forestry
and Fishing
Industry and
Construction
Industry
Construction
Trading, transport and
telecommunication
Trade
Transport and
telecommunication
Other services
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.1 Mobilization and loans
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Structure of credit outstanding balance, 2014 – 3/2018 (%)
2014 2015 2016 2017 3/2018
Total
Agriculture,
Forestry and Fishing
Industry and
Construction
Industry
Construction
Trading, transport
and
telecommunication
Trade
Transport and
telecommunication
Other services
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.2 Interest rate and exchange rate
Average interbank VND/USD exchange rate, 2016 – 3/2018
Source: VIRAC, SBV
VND
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.2 Interest rate and exchange rate
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
• Interest rates on the market 1 have been stable since 2015
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
Average mobilizing and lending rates, 2012 - 2017e
Marginal interest income ratio, 2012 - 2017e
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.3 Balance of Payment
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Indicator 2014 2015 2016 2017
Current account
Goods (net)
Services (net)
Investment income
(net)
Transfers
Financial account
Direct Investment
(net)
Portfolio
Investment(net)
Other Investment (net)
Net Errors and
Omissions
Overall balance
Reserve and related items
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
Balance of International Payment, 2014 – 2017Balance of International Payment, 2011 - 2017e
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry – 2.2.4 Total liquidity
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Total liquidity, 2014 – 3/2018
Total liquidity structure, 2014 – 3/2018
VND trillion
Source: VIRAC, SBV
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Content
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2 Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam
45
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam – 2.3.1 Interest rate
Indicator
Beginnin
g of the
year
AdjustmentsEnd of
the year
2014 Increase Decrease 2017
Basic interest rate
Refinancing interest rate
Re-discount interest rate
Overnight rate
Some interest rate policies announced by the SBV,
2014 - 2017
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Over the past three years, the SBV has almost no use for interest rates in the economy
except for the early 2014.
Interest rate of SBV, 2010-3/2018
Source: VIRAC, SBV
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam – 2.3.2 Exchange rate
Exchange rate movement at SBV, 2016 – 3/2018VND thousand
Source: VIRAC, SBV
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47
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam – 2.3.2 Exchange rate
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam – 2.3.3 OMO market
Open market operations and bonds auction of SBV,
2014 – 2017
Indicator 2014 2015 2016 2017
Value (Unit: VND trillion/%)
Mortgages on the open market
Average awarded
interest rate
Average awarded
term
Awarded amount
Bonds auction of SBV
Average awarded
interest rate
Average awarded
term
Awarded amount
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Forward interest rate of mortgages and bonds auction on
OMO market, 2014 - 2017
Source: VIRAC, SBV
%Day
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam – 2.3.4 Required reserve
Required reserve ratio
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Indicator End of
2014
Adjustments
End of
2017Increase Decrease
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam – 2.3.4 Required reserve
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Required reserve ratio classified by types of credit institution and currency
%
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Content
51
2 Banking performance evaluation
2.1 Operations of world banking system
2.2 Some basic indicators of Vietnam banking industry
2.3 Operations of the State Bank of Vietnam
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam
52
%
Source: VIRAC, GSO
Structure of Consumer Loans, 2017
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
Credit growth in 3 months, 2013-2018e
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53
%
Source: VIRAC, SBV
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
Interbank interest rate, 2012 - 3/2018
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Some indicators of banking system, 2014 - 2017
Indicator 2014 2015 2016 2017
Value (VND trillion)
Total assets**
Total mobilization
Total credit
Growth rate (%)
Total assets**
Total mobilization
Total credit
Business performance indicators and banking sector safety ratios(%)
ROAA
ROAE
CAR
Credit to
mobilization ratio
Short-term capital
to medium-long
term loan ratio
Assets, ROAA and ROAE of commercial bank system,
2014 - 2017%VND trillion
Source: VIRAC, SBV
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Scale of operations, profits and business performance of the banking industry
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
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Scale of operations, profits and business performance of the banking industry
Some indicators of the whole banking system by credit institutions, 2017
Source: VIRAC, SBV
%
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
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Scale of operations, profits and business performance of the banking industry
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
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Scale of operations, profits and business performance of the banking industry
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
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Bad debt ratio decreased remarkably in 2017.
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
Bad debt ratio movement, 2012 - 2017e
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
VND trillion
Provision for credit losses, 2013 - 2017e
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.1 Banking activity overview
Minimum Capital Adequacy Ratio, 2012 – 2017e
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
Source: VIRAC, NFSC
Equity capital of 3 state-owned commercial banks according to Basel II,
2018 - 2020
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BankDealing room
*Bank Dealing room *
Source: VIRAC
Source: VIRAC
* Summarized from banks' websites
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.2 Banking network development and payment system of banks
Network structure by type of
bank, 2016
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.2 Banking network development and payment system of banks
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The network of banks still has many shortcomings.
Source: VIRACSource: VIRAC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.2 Banking network development and payment system of banks
Dealing room structure by region, 2016 Access ability to dealing rooms, 2016
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.2 Banking network development and payment system of banks
Source: VIRAC, SBV
VND billionThousand items
Source: VIRAC, SBV
Development of payment equipment, 2014 - Q1/2018
Development of payment system, 2014 – Q1/2018
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Source: VIRAC, SBV
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.2 Banking network development and payment system of banks
VND
billionThousand
items
Non-cash payments, 2014 - Q1/2018
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2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
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Unit: VND billion
Source: VIRAC, Summarized from banks' financial statements
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Total assets, 2016 - 2017
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Source: VIRAC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Mobilization and loans, 2016 - 2017
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Source: VIRAC, Summarized from banks' financial
statements
Unit: VND billion
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Profits from forex trading, 2016 - 2017
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Source: VIRAC, Summarized from banks' financial statements
Unit: VND billion
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Profit after tax, 2016 - 2017
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Source: VIRAC, Summarized from banks' financial statements
Unit: VND billion
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Net interest income, 2016 - 2017
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Source: VIRAC, Summarized from banks' financial statements
Unit: VND billion
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Profits from service business, 2016 - 2017
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Source: VIRAC, Summarized from banks' financial statements
Unit: VND billion
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Profits from investment and stock trading activities, 2016 - 2017
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77
Source: VIRAC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Profit ratio, 2016 - 2017
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78
Source: VIRAC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Bad debt ratio, 2016 - 2017
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79
Source: VIRAC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Provision ratio for risks, 2016 - 2017
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80
Source: VIRAC
Unit: %
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
NIM coefficient, 2016 - 2017
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81
Source: VIRAC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Debt coefficient, 2016 - 2017
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82
Source: VIRAC
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.3 Performance evaluation of some typical banks
Self-financing ratio, 2016 - 2017
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For credit to the economy
For liquidity of the banking system
For interest rate
2. Banking performance evaluation
2.4 Operations of commercial bank system in Vietnam – 2.4.4 Outlook and forecast
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REPORT DISCLAIMER
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