Bangladesh: National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015)

8/9/2019 Bangladesh: National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015)

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Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbea [eb} .CTF["

Fbebw}zr oc Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke}

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E@KT< E`}boe`h @azbg{h}{zk K~}kewboe Tohbgr

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ET@E< E`}boe`h Thè oc @g}boe coz E{}zb}boe ETI< Eb}zoake( Tnowtn`}k èm To}`wn


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@w cozkwkke be }nk ECT .wkk ECT tzk`fjhk" qb}n t`z}bg{h`z zkckzkegk }o }nk Coom Thèebeaèm Foeb}ozbea Goffb}}kk .CTFG"( }nk To@ wn`hh jk }nk a{bmbea mog{fke} coz goozmbe`}bea}nk bfthkfke}`}boe èm foeb}ozbea oc }nk ECT jr `hh zkwtoewbjhk fbebw}zbkw èm àkegbkw0%

B% @ttzo`gn }o ECT To@ mkskhotfke}

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11/103

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Ikr `ww{ft}boew .To@ Wkg}boe B%3"< ]nk mog{fke} {emkzwgozkw goe}be{o{w tohb}bg`hgoffb}fke} }oq`zmw coom wkg{zb}r èm toskz}r zkm{g}boe( `mkp{`}k bfthkfke}`}boe èm

goozmbe`}boe g`t`gb}bkw( ke`jhbea f`gzo&kgoeofbg èm cbwg`h cz`fkqozi( begh{mbea mofkw}bgèm k~}kze`h zkwo{zgk fojbhb|`}boe( goe}be{o{w tzoazkww oe TZWT àkem` coz hog`haoskzeègk( `w ikr `ww{ft}boew {emkztbeebea }nk kcckg}bsk bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk ECT èm b}wTo@%

7 @w w}`}km be }nk ECT .:443" tzk`fjhk( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke} qbhh g`zzr o{} b}w oqe tzoaz`fw9 be`mmb}boe( b} qbhh kew{zk k~}kembea o{} w{ttoz} }o `hh goegkzekm fbebw}zbkw èm àkegbkw be bfthkfke}bea }nkbz oqe coom

wkg{zb}r zkh`}km w}z`}kabkw èm tzoaz`fw%= ]nk kw}`jhbwnfke} oc ` cozf`h t`z}ekzwnbt jk}qkke }nk CTF[ èm }nk AKM bw zkgoffkemkm be ozmkz }o w{ttoz} è kcckg}bskbew}b}{}boe`hb|`}boe oc To@ foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw qb}nbe }nk jzo`mkz TZW/FMAw foeb}ozbea cz`fkqozi


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BE]ZOM[G]BOE

]nk Thè oc @g}boe .To@" oc }nk E`}boe`h Coom Tohbgr .:443" n`w jkke mkskhotkm jr co{z]nkf`}bg Zkwk`zgn ]k`fw .]Z]w"( {emkz }nk hk`mkzwnbt oc }nk Coom Tohbgr Qozibea Azo{t.CTQA"( qb}n }nk goeg{zzkegk èm hk`mkzwnbt oc }nk Fbebw}zr oc Coom èm Mbw`w}kzFèàkfke} .FoCMF"/Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbea [eb} .CTF[" èm }nk }kgnebg`hw{ttoz} oc }nk C@O E`}boe`h Coom Tohbgr G`t`gb}r W}zkea}nkebea Tzoaz`ffk .ECTGWT"%

]nk mkskhotfke} oc }nk To@ n`w jkke a{bmkm jr }nzkk f`loz tzbegbthkw< w}ìknohmkzwbesohskfke}( tohbgr goewbw}kegr èm zkw{h}w&ozbke}`}boe% ]n{w( }nk To@ bw }nk g{hfbe`}boe oc `wk} oc b}kz`}bsk goew{h}`}boew èm è`hr}bg`h qozi goem{g}km lobe}hr jr }nk co{z ]nkf`}bgZkwk`zgn ]k`fw .]Z]w"( CTF[ w}`cc èm ECTGWT }k`f oc e`}boe`h èm be}kze`}boe`h k~tkz}w%]nk ]Z]w( qnbgn besohsk zktzkwke}`}bskw oc 0: fbebw}zbkw/mbsbwboew/mkt`z}fke}w( begh{mbeaFoCMF èm CTF[( n`sk jkke kw}`jhbwnkm jr }nk ECTGWT }o `mmzkww }nk co{z ikrmbfkewboew oc coom wkg{zb}r gn`hhkeakw( e`fkhr coom `s`bh`jbhb}r( tnrwbg`h èm wogb`h `ggkww

}o coom( kgoeofbg `ggkww }o coom èm {}bhb|`}boe oc coom coz e{}zb}boe( `w kewnzbekm be }nkE`}boe`h Coom Tohbgr .ECT"%

]nk To@ mz`qw {toe è k~}kewbsk zksbkq oc }nk w}z`}kabg tzosbwboew goe}`bekm be }nk ECT èm}nkbz hbeiàkw qb}n k~bw}bea coom&wkg{zb}r zkhksè} e`}boe`h èm wkg}oz`h thèebea mog{fke}w.wkk @ttkemb~ 0"( w{tthkfke}km jr wkskz`h zo{emw oc goew{h}`}boew qb}n zktzkwke}`}bskw oczkhksè} t`z}ekz fbebw}zbkw/àkegbkw( begh{mbea wkhkg}km zkaboe`h èm hog`h zktzkwke}`}bskw( `wqkhh `w eoe&aoskzefke} k~tkz}w èm tz`g}b}boekzw%

Be }nbw tzogkww( wtkgb`h kftn`wbw n`w jkke th`gkm oe `hbaebea }nk goe}ke}w oc }nk To@ qb}nJèah`mkwnw Toskz}r Zkm{g}boe W}z`}kar T`tkz .TZWT" }b}hkm [ehogibea }nk To}ke}b`h&:40;( be hbek qb}n }nk }bfk&nozb|oe wk}coz fkk}bea }nk Fbhhkeeb{f Mkskhotfke} Ao`hw .FMAw"%

]nbw mog{fke} bw fkè} }o tzosbmk }nk j`wbg zkckzkegk coz a{bmbea }nk bfthkfke}`}boe èmgoozmbe`}boe oc coom wkg{zb}r kccoz}w be }nk go{e}zr% B} wno{hm jk goewbmkzkm `w ` mre`fbgmog{fke} }n`} qbhh jk `ml{w}km èm bftzoskm `w zkhksè}( j`wkm oe }nk zkw{h}w oc foeb}ozbea`g}bsb}bkw( }nk k~tkzbkegk a`bekm be }nk tzogkww oc b}w bfthkfke}`}boe( c{z}nkz zkchkg}boew èmw}ìknohmkz goew{h}`}boew `} jo}n e`}boe`h( zkaboe`h èm az`wwzoo}w hkskhw be }nk w}z`}kabg cbkhmw


15/103

0;

èm wkg}ozw goskzkm {emkz }nk s`zbo{w `zk`w oc be}kzske}boew( `w qkhh `w towwbjhk gnèakw be}nk ikr c`g}ozw `cckg}bea mkskhotfke} tzowtkg}w èm goemb}boew be Jèah`mkwn;%

Kcckg}bsk mkhbskzr oe }nk ECT To@ bw goemb}boe`h {toe ` zèak oc be}kze`h èm k~}kze`h c`g}ozw}n`} qbhh ekkm }o jk g`zkc{hhr foeb}ozkm( begh{mbea goe}be{km goffb}fke} }oq`zmw `gnbksbea

coom wkg{zb}r ao`hw èm }nk FMAw( ke`jhbea f`gzo&kgoeofbg/cbwg`h cz`fkqozi( w}zkea}nkekmgoozmbe`}boe èm gohh`joz`}boe qb}nbe èm jk}qkke Aoskzefke} àkegbkw( `} e`}boe`h èmhog`h hkskh( Gbsbh Wogbk}r Ozaèb|`}boew .GWOw"/eoe&Aoskzefke}`h Ozaèb|`}boew .EAOw"(}nk tzbs`}k wkg}oz( `g`mkfb`( mkskhotfke} t`z}ekzw( `w qkhh `w `mkp{`}k foeb}ozbeafkgnèbwfw%

]nk mog{fke} bw mbsbmkm be }qo t`z}w% ]nk cbzw} t`z} tzosbmkw è oskzsbkq oc }nk To@

j`giazo{em( mkskhotfke} tzogkww( goe}ke}w( bfthkfke}`}boe èm foeb}ozbea mbfkewboew% ]nk

wkgoem t`z} goewbw}w oc }nk To@ F`}zb~%

; ]nk To@ n`w jkke mkskhotkm be hban} oc }nk wnoz}/fkmb{f }kzf tzbozb}bkw èm c{}{zk tzbozb}bkw àkem` oc }nk

g{zzke} TZWT .CR4;&CR4>"% B} wno{hm jk eo}km }n`} }nk tzosbwboew oc }nk To@ zkf`be goewbw}ke} qb}n }nk tzosbwboew oc }nk cbzw} mz`c} TZW BB .CR42&CR00" AKM( F`r :44>& qnbhw} }nk h`}}kz `hwo begh{mkw wtkgbcbgzkckzkegkw }o }nk ECT .:443" èm b}w Thè oc @g}boe%


16/103

03

T@Z] B E@ZZ@]BSK

]nk cbzw} wkg}boe jzbkchr zksbkqw }nk f`loz `gnbkskfke}w èm gn`hhkeakw c`gbea Jèah`mkwn be

}nk `zk` oc coom wkg{zb}r% ]nk wkgoem wkg}boe tzosbmkw è oskzsbkq oc }nk ECT f`loz }nz{w}w

èm tzbozb}bkw( `w qkhh `w b}w hbeiàkw qb}n }nk FMAw% ]nk }nbzm wkg}boe w{ff`zb|kw }nk ikrfk}nomohoabg`h `wtkg}w oc }nk To@ tzkt`z`}boe èm be}zom{gkw }nk To@ F`}zb~( zkg`hhbea }nk

ikr }`zak}w èm f`be goe}ke}w oc }nk `g}boe àkem` tzotowkm {emkz }nk tzbozb}r `zk`w oc

be}kzske}boe bmke}bcbkm% ]nk co{z}n wkg}boe tzosbmkw è oskzsbkq oc }nk f`be bfthkfke}`}boe

`g}ozw èm nbanhban}w f`loz goozmbe`}boe ekkmw% ]nk cbc}n wkg}boe tzosbmkw è o{}hbek oc }nk

bew}b}{}boe`h w}z`}kar coz foeb}ozbea }nk To@% ]nk h`w} wkg}boe mbwg{wwkw ` wk} oc f`loz

`ww{ft}boew goemb}boebea }nk kcckg}bsk bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk To@ `gzoww `hh `zk`w oc

be}kzske}boe%

B%0 ]nk Coom Wkg{zb}r Goe}k~}

B%0%0 Fkk}bea }nk QCW èm FMA coom wkg{zb}r }`zak}w

]nk Aoskzefke} oc Jèah`mkwn .AoJ" bw w}zoeahr goffb}}km }o }nk Qozhm Coom W{ffb}.QCW" }`zak} oc zkm{gbea }nk e{fjkz oc {emkzeo{zbwnkm tkothk jr n`hc jr :40; èm }nkFMA0 }`zak} oc kz`mbg`}bea n{eakz èm toskz}r jr n`hsbea }nk tzotoz}boe oc tkothk be }nkqozhm qno `zk {emkzeo{zbwnkm èm hbsbea oe hkww }nè -0 ` m`r%

Cba{zk 0 Tzks`hkegk èm E{fjkz oc [emkzeo{zbwnkm Tkothk be Jèah`mkwn .0214&:44:"

Wo{zgk< C@O

Jèah`mkwn t`w} kccoz}w }oq`zmw bftzosbea coom wkg{zb}r n`sk zkw{h}km be ` ;+ tobe} mkgzk`wkbe }nk tzotoz}boe oc {emkzeo{zbwnkm jk}qkke 0224&022: èm :44:&:44= moqe }o 74+%Noqkskz( f`behr m{k }o tot{h`}boe azoq}n( }nk e{fjkz oc {emkzeo{zbwnkm `g}{`hhr begzk`wkmczof 72%7 fbhhboe }o == fbhhboe .Cba{zk 0"%

J`wkm oe tot{h`}boe tzolkg}boe oc 0>0%= fbhhboe be :40;( `}}`bebea }nk FMA n{eakz }`zak}bfthbkw }n`} }nk e{fjkz oc {emkzeo{zbwnkm tkothk f{w} mkgzk`wk }o 70%> fbhhboe% Fkk}bea }nkQCW n{eakz( b%k% zkm{gbea }nk e{fjkz oc {emkzeo{zbwnkm }o 02%3; fbhhboe jr :40;( bfthbkw

}n`} }nk FMA0 }`zak} ekkmw }o jk oskz`gnbkskm qb}n }nk tzotoz}boe oc }nk {emkzeo{zbwnkmjzo{an} moqe }o 00+ .wkk Cba{zk :"%

4

;

04

0;

:4

:;

74

7;

=4

=;

0214 021; 02>4 02>; 0224 022; :444

Tkzgke}àk

4

04

:4

74

=4

;4

34

Fbhhboew

Tzks`hkegk

E{fjkz


17/103

01

Cba{zk : E{fjkz oc [emkzeo{zbwnkm Tkothk< t`w} }zkemw èm c{}{zk tkzwtkg}bskw

Wo{zgk< C@O( m`}` coz }nk `skzàk :44:&:44= `zk tzkhbfbe`zr kw}bf`}boew

B%0%: @gnbkskfke}w( gn`hhkeakw èm kfkzabea bww{kw

Jèah`mkwn n`w f`mk w{jw}è}b`h tzoazkww be kenègbea coom wkg{zb}r jr begzk`wbeatzom{g}boe oc coomaz`bew( t`z}bg{h`zhr zbgk( bftzosbea becz`w}z{g}{zk( fìbea coom mkhbskzr }o}nk tooz fozk kccbgbke} èm hbjkz`hb|bea àzbg{h}{z`h bet{} èm o{}t{} f`zik}w .zkfos`h oc coomz`}boebea èm `johbwnfke} oc }nk foeotohr be bftoz} èm k~toz} oc coom az`bew"%

Zbgk n`w goe}zbj{}km fow} }o wkhc&w{ccbgbkegr be coomaz`be( g{zzke}hr `ggo{e}bea coz 10 tkzgke}oc }nk azoww gzottkm `zk` èm coz 2=+ oc }nk coomaz`be tzom{g}boe% Zbgk tzom{g}boe a`bewn`sk jkke f`behr mzbske jr è begzk`wkm {wk oc bzzba`}boe q`}kz( k~tèmkm {wk oc o}nkzàzbg{h}{z`h bet{}w `hoea qb}n è begzk`wkm goskzàk oc nban&rbkhmbea èm fomkze zbgks`zbk}bkw% Noqkskz( }nk w{w}`be`jbhb}r oc mofkw}bg coomaz`be tzom{g}boe zkf`bew è bww{k% Zbgkgèeo} jk k~tkg}km }o k~tkzbkegk }nk azoq}n z`}k oc }nk t`w} qb}no{} ek} }kgneohoabg`h

jzkì}nzo{an% C{z}nkzfozk( mkfoaz`tnbg tzkww{zkw èm begzk`wkm {zjèb|`}boe n`sk g`{wkmg{h}bs`}km `zk` }o mkghbek `} ` z`}k oc 0 tkzgke} tkz rk`z( qnbhw} gzottbea be}kewb}r n`w sbz}{`hhrzk`gnkm b}w hbfb}%

Hèmnohmbeaw `zk wf`hh èm wg`}}kzkm( èm coomaz`bew goe}be{k( }o ` h`zak k~}ke}( }o jkg{h}bs`}km coz w{jwbw}kegk% Wf`hh èm f`zabe`h c`zfkzw zktzkwke} >4+ oc `hh c`zfkzw% Oehr `hbfb}km tkzgke}àk oc gzotw gbzg{h`}k }nzo{an goffkzgb`h gnèekhw% ]nbw `hwo zkw{h}w be `wb}{`}boe qnkzk( mkwtb}k kccoz}w( coomaz`be tzog{zkfke} zkf`bew tzoek }o qbmk ch{g}{`}boewèm wb|k`jhk coomaz`be bftoz}w `zk ekkmkm% Be }nk h`w} cbsk rk`zw( }o}`h èe{`h bftoz}w occoomaz`bew n`sk zèakm jk}qkke : }o 7 fbhhboe }oew% Bftoz}w goewbw} f`behr oc qnk`}( qnowk

tzom{g}boe n`w jkke goe}be{o{whr zkm{gbea oskz }nk t`w} rk`zw( qb}n zbgk `ggo{e}bea coz `jo{}

n`hc fbhhboe }oew tkz rk`z%

E{fjkz oc {emkzeo{zbwnkm tkothk be Jèah`mkwn.fbhhboe"

4

04

:4

74

=4

;4

34

0214 021: 021= 0213 021> 02>4 02>: 02>= 02>3 02>> 0224 022: 022= 0223 022> :444 :44: :44= :443 :44> :404 :40: :40=

]zkem

Qozhm Coom W{ffb} j`wk

tkzbom 0224&2:

T`}n }o }nk Qozhm Coom

W{ffb} }`zak}

Bc }zkem czof 0221

goe}be{kw

Bc }zkem czof 0220

goe}be{kw

4

04

:4

74

=4

;4

34

0214 021: 021= 0213 021> 02>4 02>: 02>= 02>3 02>> 0224 022: 022= 0223 022> :444 :44: :44= :443 :44> :404 :40: :40=

]zkem

Qozhm Coom W{ffb} j`wk

tkzbom 0224&2:

T`}n }o }nk Qozhm Coom

W{ffb} }`zak}

Bc }zkem czof 0221

goe}be{kw

Bc }zkem czof 0220

goe}be{kw


18/103

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@hwo( }nk kftn`wbw th`gkm oe zbgk tzom{g}boe n`w zkw{h}km be è begzk`wkm mktkemkegr oebftoz}w coz eoe coomaz`be goffomb}bkw( w{gn `w t{hwkw( obhwkkmw èm cz{b}w qnbgn zkf`be{e`ccozm`jhk }o fèr goew{fkzw( kwtkgb`hhr tooz goew{fkzw% Coz bew}ègk( 14+ oc }nk t{hwkwèm 33+ oc }nk kmbjhk obh zkp{bzkfke}w `zk g{zzke}hr bftoz}km .Fbwnz` èm Noww`be( :44;"3%]z`mb}boe`hhr( }nk }qo fow} bftoz}è} eoe&gkzk`h coomw coz }nk tooz qkzk cbwn èm t{hwkw% M{k

}o gzot w{jw}b}{}boe1

( }nk e`}boe`h w{tthr oc t{hwkw mkgzk`wkm w{jw}è}b`hhr( èm }nk toozw{jw}b}{}km gkzk`hw coz t{hwkw qb}n eka`}bsk e{}zb}boe`h bfthbg`}boew kwtkgb`hhr coz gnbhmzke(

tzkaeè} èm h`g}`}bea qofke% C{z}nkzfozk( zbgk foeogzottbea g`{wkw }nk e{}zbke} mkthk}boeoc }nk wobh%

@zwkebg goe}`fbe`}boe n`w jkgofk ` f`loz goegkze coz jo}n àzbg{h}{z`h w{w}`be`jbhb}r èmcoom w`ck}r>% Ghbf`}k gnèak towkw è `mmb}boe`h j{zmke oe coom wkg{zb}r( kwtkgb`hhr be `zk`wqnkzk àzbg{h}{zk èm q`}kz zkwo{zgkw `zk `hzk`mr {emkz w}zkww m{k }o `mskzwk fk}kozohoabg`hgoemb}boew%

Be }nbw goe}k~}( w}zkea}nkekm kccoz}w }o z`bwk tzom{g}bsb}r èm kccbgbkegr be coomaz`be

tzom{g}boe( }o w{ttoz} àzbg{h}{z`h goffkzgb`hb|`}boe èm mbskzwbcbg`}boe( be m{k goewbmkz`}boeoc kesbzoefke}`h bft`g}w .àzbg{h}{z`h goewkzs`}boe"( qbhh jk t`z`fo{e}% @g}boew `zk ekkmkmoe fèr czoe}w( begh{mbea àzbg{h}{z`h }kgneohoar mkskhotfke}( bet{} .wkkmw( ckz}bhb|kzw(bzzba`}boe( f`gnbekzr" w{tthr èm `ggkww k~tèwboe( èm( gzb}bg`hhr( z{z`h cbeègbea( qnbgng{zzke}hr w}èmw c`z jkhoq z{z`h tzom{gkzw ekkmw( kwtkgb`hhr }nowk oc wf`hh èm f`zabe`hc`zfkzw2% Zkekqkm mbskzwbcbg`}boe kccoz}w ekkm }o jk j`gikm&{t jr ghk`z {emkzw}èmbea oc }nkzkh`}bsk tzocb}`jbhb}r oc goftk}bea gzotw( tnrwbg`h èm hog`}boe&wtkgbcbg goemb}boew coz eoe&gzot ke}kztzbwkw( }nk w{tthr gn`be oc nban s`h{k tzom{g}w èm tzosbwboe coz tzogkwwbea( w}ozàkèm f`zik}bea `g}bsb}bkw( `w qkhh `w jr ` ghk`z `ttz`bw`h oc be}kze`}boe`h }z`mk ottoz}{eb}bkw%

@w w{aakw}km jr Jèah`mkwn toskz}r zkm{g}boe tkzcozfègk( kwtkgb`hhr be }nk zkgke} tkzbom(`gnbkskfke}w be }nk kenègkfke} oc tkothkw kgoeofbg `ggkww }o coom n`sk `hwo jkkewbaebcbgè}% Toskz}r begbmkegk n`w f`zikmhr mkgzk`wkm be jo}n z{z`h èm {zjè `zk`w èm }nbwc`soz`jhk }zkem nohmw qn`}kskz }nk fk}nomohoar {wkm .Gow} oc J`wbg Ekkmw oz Mbzkg} G`hozbkBe}ìk" coz fk`w{zbea toskz}r04%

W}bhh( fèr tooz èm s{hekz`jhk no{wknohmw( qnk}nkz coom tzom{gkzw oz eo}( mo eo} n`sk coomwkg{zb}r jkg`{wk }nkr `zk {e`jhk }o `ccozm ` fbebf{f j`wik} oc coom b}kfw }nzo{an }nkbz oqecoom tzom{g}boe( g`wn begofk( f`zik} t{zgn`wkw èm o}nkz zkwo{zgkw ekgkww`zr }o `gp{bzkw`ck èm e{}zb}bo{w coom%

3 Fbwnz`( [% # Fo}`n`z Noww`be( W%@%I% .:44;"% G{zzke} coom wkg{zb}r èm gn`hhkeakw& @gnbksbea :40; FMAfbhktow}% Be Tzogkkmbeaw oc }nk E`}boe`h Qoziwnot oe Coom Wkg{zb}r be Jèah`mkwn% Mnì`% 02&:4 Og}ojkz:44;%1 T{hwkw `zk tzbf`zbhr ` qbe}kz .mzr wk`woe" gzot èm qb}n }nk wtzk`m oc bzzba`}boe( jozo .qbe}kz" zbgk .qnbgn{emkz bzzba`}boe bw ` goewbmkz`jhr hkww zbwir gzot }o azoq }nè t{hwkw" gè jk w{jw}b}{}km% Jozo tzom{g}boe n`w

jkke zbwbea w}k`mbhr qnbhk }nk `zk` mkso}km }o t{hwkw n`w jkke mkghbebea èm }nk gow} oc hke}bhw bw `hwo zbwbea eoq`fo{e}bea }o fozk }nè }nzkk }bfkw }nk tzbgk oc zbgk .wkk Aoskzefke} oc Jèah`mkwn .:444" Goftzknkewbskcoom wkg{zb}r tohbgr coz Jèah`mkwn( Mnì`">@% Nkbikew( :443( @zwkebg goe}`fbe`}boe oc bzzba`}boe q`}kz( wobh èm gzotw be Jèah`mkwn< Zbwi bfthbg`}boewcoz w{w}`be`jhk àzbg{h}{zk èm coom w`ck}r be @wb`( C@O( Zkaboe`h Occbgk coz @wb` èm }nk T`gbcbg( Jèaioi%2 @azbg{h}{z`h gzkmb} mbwj{zwkfke}w jr jèiw zkgozmkm è khkske&cohm begzk`wk jk}qkke 02>4&>0 èm :447&4= j{}n`sk zkf`bekm bewbaebcbgè} `w ` tzotoz}boe oc }o}`h gzkmb} mbwj{zwkfke} èm qkhh jkhoq }`zak}% C{z}nkzfozk(

fow} oc gzkmb} aokw }o fkmb{f èm h`zak c`zfkzw( wkk Z%@ W`zikz( :443( Z{z`h cbeègbea èm àzbg{h}{z`h gzkmb}be Jèah`mkwn< c{}{zk mkskhotfke} w}z`}kabkw coz cozf`h wkg}oz jèiw( ]nk [ebskzwb}r Tzkww hbfb}km%04 JJW GJE&j`wkm m`}` bembg`}k ` mkgzk`wk be toskz}r begbmkegk czof =>%2+ be :444 }o =4+ be :44;%


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Be z{z`h `zk`w( toskz}r begbmkegk zkf`bew kwtkgb`hhr nban `foea no{wknohmw nk`mkm jr `fkfjkz qozibea be àzbg{h}{z`h wkg}ozw .=>%:+" `w qkhh `w `foea hèmhkww z{z`h no{wknohmw.33%3+" .JJW( Gow} oc J`wbg Ekkmw .GJE" & j`wkm cba{zkw"% ]nk {emkzeo{zbwnfke}&cog{wkmMbzkg} G`hozbk Be}ìk .MGB"&j`wkm toskz}r m`}` bembg`}k }n`} }nk zkgke} mkghbek be n`zmgozk

toskz}r00 .czof :4+ }o 02%;+" èm be {h}z`&toskz}r0: .czof >%:+ }o 1%>+" n`w jkke hkww

bftzkwwbsk }nè }nk mkghbek be `jwoh{}k toskz}r .czof =1%;+ }o =4%=+"( w{aakw}bea }n`} fèrtkothk }kem }o jk }z`ttkm be }nk sbgbo{w grghkw oc n{eakz èm toskz}r%

Eo}qb}nw}èmbea mbcckzkegkw be fk`w{zkfke}w( toskz}r m`}` `hwo w{aakw} w`hbke} bekp{`hb}bkwbe `ggkww }o coom jk}qkke mbcckzke} hog`}boew% B} n`w jkke kw}bf`}km }n`} 12+ oc }nk àazka`}kzkm{g}boe be }nk GJE&j`wkm toskz}r nk`mgo{e} bw `}}zbj{}`jhk }o }qo mbsbwboew( e`fkhr Mnì`èm Gnb}}àoea .wkk Qozhm Jèi( :44107"( nbanhban}bea }nk ekkm coz zkaboe`h w}z`}kabkw }o}`gihk coom bewkg{zb}r% C{z}nkzfozk( `ggkww }o coom goe}be{kw }o jk nbanhr {ekp{`h qb}nbeno{wknohmw( qb}n `m{h} f`hkw ak}}bea tzkckzkegk oskz qofke èm gnbhmzke%

]nk goe}zbj{}boe oc àzbg{h}{z`h wkg}ozw }o }nk AMT be :447&4= q`w ::%>7 + `} 022;&23

goew}è} tzbgkw( qnbhk }nkr tzosbmkm oskz 1: + oc }nk }o}`h kfthorfke}% @jo{} >; + oc }nktot{h`}boe hbskw be z{z`h `zk`w èm goe}be{kw }o mktkem h`zakhr( qnk}nkz mbzkg}hr oz bembzkg}hr(oe àzbg{h}{zk coz b}w hbskhbnoom%Fèr z{z`h `zk`w h`gi km{g`}boe èm nk`h}n zkwo{zgkw% ]nkr`hwo h`gi oc fomkze coom èm az`be w}ozàk c`gbhb}bkw èm `mkp{`}k zo`mw hk`mbea }o h`zakzf`zik} `zk`w% Oehr 02 + oc z{z`h nofkw n`sk khkg}zbgb}r%

]n{w( goegkz}km kccoz}w }o kew{zk ` w{w}`be`jhk èm kp{b}`jhk mkskhotfke} oc àzbg{h}{z`h èmz{z`h wkg}ozw( kwtkgb`hhr àzo&j`wkm bem{w}zbkw èm Fbgzo Wf`hh èm Fkmb{f wb|kmKe}kztzbwkw0= .FWFKw"( qbhh jk ikr }o coom wkg{zb}r be }nk cozkwkk`jhk c{}{zk% W{gn kccoz}w`ttk`z `hh }nk fozk goftkhhbea wbegk begzk`wbea hèmhkwwekww èm {emkzkfthorfke} be z{z`h`zk`w èm zkw{h}bea z{z`h&{zjè fbaz`}boe `g} `w f`loz mzbskzw oc gnzoebg toskz}r èm coombewkg{zb}r be {zjè `zk`w%

@hwo( h`zak wkafke}w oc }nk tot{h`}boe zkf`be s{hekz`jhk }o }zèwb}ozr coom bewkg{zb}r g`{wkmjr mzo{an}( choomw( grghoekw èm o}nkz e`}{z`h mbw`w}kzw( qnbgn( be fèr bew}ègkw( zkw{h}w benbanhr `mskzwk `ml{w}fke}w }o }nkbz fkèw oc hbskhbnoomw .bemkj}kmekww( wkhhbea oc `wwk}w(k}g" m{k }o }nk h`gi oc gotbea g`t`jbhb}bkw% ]nbw nbanhban}w }nk ekkm coz w}zkea}nkebea zbwizkm{g}boe( mbw`w}kz tzkt`zkmekww èm fèàkfke} `} `hh hkskhw( begh{mbea goff{eb}bkw èmno{wknohmw% C{z}nkzfozk( }nk wk`woe`h coom gzbwbw }n`} goe}be{kw }o ogg{z( jkcozk }nk n`zskw}oc `fè zbgk k`gn rk`z be }nk eoz}nkze zkaboe oc Jèah`mkwn .foea` oz ek`z c`fbekwb}{`}boe"( mkwtb}k w`ck}r ek} tzoaz`fw( bw oc t`z}bg{h`z goegkze èm ekkm }o jk zkfkmbkm jr

`mkp{`}k be}kzske}boew }o `mmzkww }nk wnoz}àk oc kfthorfke}/begofk&akekz`}beaottoz}{eb}bkw m{zbea hkè wk`woew%

@eo}nkz khkfke} oc }zèwb}ozr coom bewkg{zb}r `zbwkw czof coom tzbgk bew}`jbhb}r( `wk~tkzbkegkm zkgke}hr qb}n zbgk èm o}nkz kwwke}b`h goffomb}bkw% Fèàbea coom tzbgk zbwiw be

00 + oc tkothk hbsbea {emkz 0>4; Ig`h tkz m`r0: + tkothk hbsbea {emkz 0344 Ig`h tkz m`r07 Qozhm Jèi( :441( ]o }nk FMAw èm Jkroem< @ggo{e}`jbhb}r èm Bew}b}{}boe`h Beeos`}boe be Jèah`mkwn(Jèah`mkwn Mkskhotfke} Wkzbkw( T`tkz E0=( QJ Occbgk M`gg`%0= ]nk azoq}n oc FWFKw n`w jkke tnkeofke`h be Jèah`mkwn èm wbegk }nk h`}k 02>4w n`w `ggo{e}km coz }nk

j{hi oc kfthorfke} akekz`}boe be }nk becozf`h wkg}oz qnbhw} goe}zbj{}bea }o `jo{} :;+ oc }o}`h AMT% Fbgzo èm

wf`hh bem{w}zbkw .kfthorbea jk}qkke oek èm cbsk qozikzw" `hoek `ggo{e} coz 11+ oc FWFKw }o}`h goe}zbj{}boe}o AMT% Wo{zgk< Be}kze`}boe`h Goew{h}bea Azo{t .BGA"/Fbgzo Bem{w}zbkw Mkskhotfke} @wwbw}ègk èm Wkzsbgkw.FBM@W" W{zskr( :447%


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:4

è begzk`wbeahr hbjkz`hb|km kesbzoefke} ke}`bhw wtkgbcbg gn`hhkeakw }n`} ekkm }o jk `mmzkwwkm%T{jhbg w}ogi fèàkfke} be Jèah`mkwn zkf`bew ` }zbgir }`wi( oc}ke gofto{emkm jr }nkk~bw}kegk oc ` fbwf`}gn jk}qkke mofkw}bg coom tzom{g}boe( coom bftoz}w èm be}kze`h

tzog{zkfke} `g}bsb}bkw% ]nbw {emkzwgozkw tkzcozfbea becozf`}boe/k`zhr q`zebea wrw}kfw `w èbftoz}è} }ooh coz fèàbea }zèwb}ozr coom bewkg{zb}r% Fkèqnbhk( tzbgk w}`jbhb|`}boe kccoz}w

zkp{bzk ` g`zkc{h j`hègbea oc tooz goew{fkzw èm tooz tzom{gkzw be}kzkw}w%

]n{w( `gnbkskfke}w be }nk `zk`w oc coom `s`bh`jbhb}r èm `ggkww( qnbhw} bftzkwwbsk( ekkm }o jkgoewohbm`}km jr f{h}b&tzoeakm tohbgr kccoz}w }o `mmzkww zkf`bebea bww{kw èm kfkzabeagn`hhkeakw% ]nkzk bw `hwo }nk c`g} }n`} t`w} `gnbkskfke}w n`sk eo} }zèwh`}km be}o bftzoskme{}zb}boe`h o{}gofkw% ]nk coom goew{ft}boe }zkemw `zk eo} kego{zàbea èm mbk}w zkf`be

toozhr mbskzwbcbkm( qb}n `w f{gn `w >4+ oc }nk mbk}`zr kekzar w{tthr gofbea czof zbgk%Qnbhw} gnbhm f`he{}zb}boe z`}kw .jr qkban} coz àk" n`sk f`zikmhr mkghbekm be }nk 0224w czof3>+ .02>7" }o =1+ be :44;( }nkr zkf`be `foea }nk nbankw} be }nk qozhm% Tnrwbohoabg`hSb}`fbe @ mkcbgbkegr w}bhh `cckg}w 74+ oc gnbhmzke èm qofke0;( bzoe mkcbgbkegr è`kfb``cckg}w ek`zhr ;4+ oc }nk }o}`h tot{h`}boe03 èm bombek mkcbgbkegr `cckg}w 73+ oc qofke èm

gnbhmzke01%

F`he{}zb}boe czof f`gzo èm fbgzoe{}zbke} mkcbgbkegbkw be k`zhr hbck n`w hoea h`w}bea kcckg}woe w{jwkp{ke} azoq}n( fozjbmb}r( goaeb}bsk mkskhotfke}( km{g`}boe`h `}}`befke}( èm

tzom{g}bsb}r be `m{h}noom%

Fozkoskz( }nkzk bw ksbmkegk }n`} f`he{}zb}boe tzks`hkegk be Jèah`mkwn bw eo} goecbekm }otoozkz no{wknohmw% Qnbhw} gnbhm f`he{}zb}boe bw akekz`hhr nbankz `foea }nk toozkw} p{be}bhkw.=3&;4+"( b} bw `hwo nban `foea }nk zbgnkw} begofk p{be}bhk .77+"0>% ]n{w( qnbhw} fèr toozno{wknohm `zk eo} `jhk }o `ggkww ` s`zbk}r oc .e{}zb}bo{w" coomw( zbgnkz no{wknohmw }kem }owtkem fozk oe coom( j{} eo} oe fozk e{}zb}bo{w coomw( qnbgn zkw{h}w be wbaebcbgè} mkcbgbkegbkwbe tzo}kbe( Sb}`fbe @ èm bzoe02%

]nbw bfthbkw }n`} w}z`}kabkw }o bftzosk `s`bh`jbhb}r( w{tthr èm `ggkwwbjbhb}r oc fozkmbskzwbcbkm coomw( `h}no{an t`z`fo{e}( ekkm }o jk gofthkfke}km jr ` wk} oc eoe&begofkcog{wkm tohbgr fk`w{zkw }n`} tzofo}k }nk {}bhb|`}boe oc ` mbskzwb}r oc coomw( begh{mbea kccoz}w}o tzofo}k towb}bsk coom jkn`sbo{z( `ggkww }o ghkè q`}kz èm tzotkz wèb}`}boe qnbgn `zk `hhbe}zbg`}khr hbeikm }o wo{em e{}zb}boe% Mbcckzke}b`hw qb}nbe no{wknohmw `w zka`zmw `ggkww }o coom(e{}zb}boe( nk`h}n g`zk èm tzbf`zr km{g`}boe mk}kzfbek }o ` h`zak k~}ke} }nk mbcckzbeae{}zb}boe`h w}`}{w oc bembsbm{`h no{wknohm fkfjkzw% Qnkzk `ggkww }o zkwo{zgkw bw fozk kp{`hhrwn`zkm `gzoww wk~kw( nk`h}n èm e{}zb}boe o{}gofkw `zk wbaebcbgè}hr jk}}kz%

0; NIB/BTNE .:447" E{}zb}boe èm nk`h}n w{zskbhhègk be }nk Gnb}}àoea Nbhh ]z`g}w( Jèah`mkwn03 JJW/[EBGKC .:44=" @ekfb` Tzks`hkegk W{zskr oc [zjè Jèah`mkwn èm Z{z`h Gnb}}àoea Nbhh ]z`g}w &:44701 BTNE/JWGBG/M[/[EBGKC/BGGBMM .:441" E`}boe`h BMM èm [WB W{zskr oc Jèah`mkwn( :44=/; .be tzkww"%0> Qozhm Jèi( :441 ]o }nk FMAw èm Jkroem< @ggo{e}`jbhb}r èm Bew}b}{}boe`h Beeos`}boe be Jèah`mkwn(

Jèah`mkwn Mkskhotfke} Wkzbkw( T`tkz E0=( QJ Occbgk( Mnì`( Lè{`zr%02 Nkhke Ikhhkz Be}kze`}boe`h èm Bew}b}{}k oc T{jhbg Nk`h}n E{}zb}boe :443( Jèah`mkwn be C`g}w èm Cba{zkw fbebw}zbkw/mbsbwboew( e`fkhr( FoCMF( Fo@( FoT .JJW@azbg{h}{z`h Qbea( Thèebea Mbsbwboe( BFKM( FoHAZMG .HAM èm ZMG mbsbwboew"( FoC .KZM" qkzkw{jwkp{ke}hr zkchkg}km( `w zkhksè}( be ` zksbwkm skzwboe oc }nk mog{fke} .Lè{`zr :44>"%

.sb" [toe zkgoffkem`}boe oc }nk @msbwkz Coom( FoCMF( ` s`hbm`}boe qoziwnot q`w nkhm oe 0; F`r :44> }o

zksbkq èm kemozwk }nk oskz`hh `fkemfke}w f`mk }o }nk To@ mog{fke} f`mk wbegk }nk cbzw} jzo`m j`wkmgoew{h}`}boe nkhm be F`r :441% ]nk qoziwnot jzo{an} }oak}nkz nban occbgb`hw oc }nk FoCMF( Fo@( èm FoC(CTF[ occbgb`hw èm o}nkz tz`g}b}boekzw oc }nk FoCMF( }nk Fo@( FoHAZMG èm Fbebw}zr oc Thèebea( `w qkhh`w zktzkwke}`}bskw oc }nk moeoz goff{eb}r% @mmb}boe`h w{aakw}boew f`mk jr }nk t`z}bgbtè}w n`sk jkkebegoztoz`}km be }nk tzkwke} mog{fke}%

]nk mkskhotfke} oc }nbw To@ besohskm zka{h`z be}kz`g}boew jk}qkke CTF[ w}`cc( t`z}ekzfbebw}zbkw occbgb`hw zktzkwke}km be }nk ]Z]w( èm }nk ECTGWT }kgnebg`h `wwbw}ègk }k`f( }ombwg{ww èm ak} ` goffoe {emkzw}èmbea oc }nk ECT w}z`}kabg goe}ke}w èm }nkbz zkh`}boewnbtwqb}n wkg}oz`h thèebea mog{fke}w èm oe&aobea tzolkg}w èm tzoaz`fw( `w qkhh `w

fk}nomohoabg`h bww{kw zkh`}km }o }nk To@ F`}zb~ mkskhotfke}%


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Fozk wtkgbcbg`hhr( mz`c}w oc }nk To@ f`}zbgkw zkhksè} }o k`gn oc }nk }nzkk ECT gozk ojlkg}bskwqkzk tzkt`zkm j`wkm oe }nk cbembeaw oc }nk `cozkfke}boekm tohbgr zksbkq qozi( `w qkhh `w`mmb}boe`h bet{}w zkgkbskm czof s`zbo{w t`z}ekz fbebw}zbkw( `w t`z} oc }nk b}kz`}bsk goew{h}`}boewoc }nk ]Z]w%

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Qnbhw} }nk w}z`}kabg tzosbwboew oc }nk ECT mog{fke} th`gkw wbaebcbgè} kftn`wbw oe`mmzkwwbea }nk wtkgbcbg goew}z`be}w èm gn`hhkeakw c`gbea f`zabe`h c`zfkzw( hèmhkww tkothk(èm o}nkz s{hekz`jhk azo{tw .qofke( gnbhmzke"( `w qkhh `w mbw`msè}àkm akoaz`tnbg`h `zk`w.gn`zw( nòzw( nbhhw"( }nk goew{h}`}boe tzogkww( eo}`jhr qb}n EAO zktzkwke}`}bskw( coom wkg{zb}rzkwk`zgnkzw èm tz`g}b}boekzw( tzosbmkm `mmb}boe`h ckkmj`gi oe }nk coom wkg{zb}r goe}k~} `}hog`h/az`wwzoo}w hkskh }n`} nkhtkm zkcbek }nk To@ `g}boe àkem`%

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tohbgr goewbw}kegr goewbmkz`}boew `w qkhh `w }nk o{}gofkw oc }nk goew{h}`}bsk tzogkww%

]n{w( cohhoqbea goew{h}`}boew qb}n w}ìknohmkzw( ECTw jzo`m tzosbwboe oe }nk @mot}boe ocf`gzo&tohbgr coz jzo`m&j`wkm h`joz be}kewbsk azoq}n( n`w eo} jkke wbeahkm o{} be }nk To@f`}zb~ `w ` ikr `zk` oc be}kzske}boe% Bemkkm( }nk oskz`hh àzbg{h}{zk/z{z`h mkskhotfke}&hkmazoq}n t`z`mbaf {emkztbeebea }nk ECT èm b}w To@ bw tzkgbwkhr `jo{} jzo`m&j`wkm h`jozbe}kewbsk azoq}n% Z`}nkz( fèr ke`jhbea f`gzo&tohbgr `g}boew .zka`zmbea cbwg`h( }z`mk èmcbeègb`h/gzkmb} tohbgbkw be t`z}bg{h`z" `zk zkckzzkm }o be zkh`}boe }o wtkgbcbg `zk`w ocbe}kzske}boe% Fkèqnbhk( }nk ECT mokw eo} goe}`be ghk`z&g{} tzosbwboew zka`zmbea }nk f`gzo&

kgoeofbg cz`fkqozi coz coom wkg{zb}r% Bfthbg`}boew oc }nk Jèah`mkwn f`gzo&kgoeofbgcz`fkqozi wk} coz}n be }nk TZWT coz }nk bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk To@ `zk jzbkchr mbwg{wwkm bewkg}boe SB jkhoq%

@eo}nkz ECT w}z`}kabg tzotow`h oe tzofo}bea kfthorfke}&kenègbea }kgneohoar }{zekmo{} }o mbskzak czof }nowk f`mk be Fo@ thèebea mog{fke}w .wtkgbcbg`hhr }nk @TJ( :443"(qnbgn {emkzwgozk tzofo}bea wf`hh&wg`hk fkgnèb|`}boe( ` tzogkww g{zzke}hr {emkzq`r% ]nkz`}boe`hk coz wf`hh&wg`hk fkgnèb|`}boe hbkw be }nk ekkm }o begzk`wk tzom{g}bsb}r be ` goe}k~} ocz{z`h h`joz wnoz}àk% Bemkkm( m{k }o }nbw wnoz}àk( fèr c`zfkzw c`gk tzojhkfw be gofthk}beaàzbg{h}{z`h otkz`}boew( kwtkgb`hhr m{zbea }nk thè}bea n`zskw}bea èm }nzkwnbea tkzbomw% Wf`hhàzbg{h}{z`h f`gnbekzr w{gn `w }nk toqkz }bhhkz( zbgk&qnk`} }nzkwnkz( `zk }nkzkcozk goewbmkzkm

`w `h}kze`}bsk q`rw }o fèàk h`joz w}ozàk èm ikkt gzot tzom{g}boe `} ` nban èm kgoeofbghkskh%


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@hwo( fèr w}ìknohmkzw goew{h}km m{zbea }nk To@ mkskhotfke} tzogkww zkgoffkemkmbegoztoz`}bea }nowk bww{kw be }nk To@( abske }nkbz gzoww&g{}}bea bftoz}ègk czof }nk sbkq

tobe} oc w{w}`be`jhk àzbg{h}{z`h tzom{g}boe èm coom wkg{zb}r% ]n{w( be hbek qb}n }nk [email protected]"( }nk Hèm [wk Tohbgr .:440" èm c{z}nkz zkgoffkem`}boew oc }nk @azbg{h}{z`h Wkg}oz

Zksbkq .wkk @g}boe`jhk Tohbgr Jzbkc( :443( tt% =0&=7"( }nk To@ {emkzwgozkw }nk tzo}kg}boe ocàzbg{h}{z`h hèm( }nk ot}bf`h {wk oc hèm j`wkm oe àzo&kgohoabg`h gn`z`g}kzbw}bgw `w ikrmbfkewboew oc b}w àkem` coz tzofo}bea }nk w{w}`be`jhk {wk oc àzbg{h}{z`h bet{}w .wkk @zk` ocBe}kzske}boe 0%7 jkhoq"%

Cbe`hhr( }nk tzofo}boe èm tzo}kg}boe oc jzk`w}ckkmbea èm gofthkfke}`zr ckkmbea( `h}no{aneo} tzbozb}b|km be }nk ECT mog{fke}( n`w jkke bmke}bcbkm `w ` ikr `zk` oc be}kzske}boe {emkz}nk To@ }oq`zmw `gnbksbea Ojlkg}bsk 7( be hbek qb}n E`}boe`h Thè oc @g}boe coz E{}zb}boe.0221" èm }nk E`}boe`h W}z`}kar coz Becè} èm Ro{ea Gnbhm Ckkmbea be Jèah`mkwn .:443"%

@g}boe àkem` èm tohbgr hbeiàkw< @w eo}km k`zhbkz( }nk To@ j{bhmw {toe è k~}kewbsk

zksbkq oc }nk hbeiàkw jk}qkke }nk ECT èm k~bw}bea coom&wkg{zb}r zkhksè} tohbgbkw èm o}nkzw}z`}kabg cz`fkqoziw( begh{mbea TZWT tohbgr f`}zbgkw( j{} `hwo wkg}oz`h `g}boe thèw(kwtkgb`hhr }nowk mkskhotkm be }nk qìk oc }nk TZWT cozf{h`}boe% @ggozmbeahr( coz fow} oc }nk`g}boew wtkhhkm&o{} be }nk To@ f`}zb~ coz k`gn `zk` oc be}kzske}boe( k~thbgb} zkckzkegkw `zkf`mk }o }nk zkhksè} w}z`}kabg mog{fke}w/thèw }nkr ozbabe`}k czof% F`loz tohbgr/thèebeamog{fke}w zkckzzkm }o begh{mk< Tzofo}boe èm Tzo}kg}boe oc Jzk`w}ckkmbea èm

Gofthkfke}`zr Ckkmbea

]nbw bw ` wtkgb`h `zk` oc be}kzske}boe }n`} bw goegkzekm qb}n tzotkz jzk`w}ckkmbea èm w`ck

gofthkfke}`zr ckkmbea tz`g}bgkw% Tzofo}boe èm tzo}kg}boe oc jzk`w}ckkmbea èm

gofthkfke}`zr ckkmbea bw ahoj`hhr zkgoaeb|km `w }nk ikr }o ` aoom w}`z} be hbck coz ` gnbhm(

{w{`hhr kew{zbea w`ck}r czof f`he{}zb}boe m{zbea }nk ke}bzk tzkwgnooh àk% Jzk`w}ckkmbea g{}w

`gzoww }nk bww{kw oc coom wkg{zb}r be becègr( coom w`ck}r( gnbhm g`zbea èm gnbhm tzo}kg}boe

à`bew} beckg}boew( fozjbmb}r èm foz}`hb}r( qnbgn bw be hbek qb}n FMA =%

]`zak}.w"< W}zkea}nkekm k~gh{wbsk jzk`w}ckkmbea tz`g}bgkw9 k~tèmkm tz`g}bgk oc

jzk`w}ckkmbea9 kew{zkm w`ck èm e{}zb}bo{w gofthkfke}`zr ckkmbea9 w}zkea}nkekm j`jr&

czbkemhr nowtb}`h beb}b`}bsk9 begzk`wkm f`}kzeb}r hk`sk( t`z}bg{h`zhr tow}&t`z}{f9 Jzk`w} Fbhi

W{jw}b}{}kw .JFW" Gomkw zkwtkg}km jr }nk jzk`w} fbhi w{jw}b}{}k f`zik}kzw%

@g}boe @akem`


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]`jhk 0& To@&FMA hbeiàkw

To@ @zk`w oc Be}kzske}boe .@oBw" FMAw:2

Ojlkg}bsk 0

0%0% @azbg{h}{z`h Zkwk`zgn èm K~}kewboe FMA0

0%:% [wk èm Fèàkfke} oc Q`}kz Zkwo{zgkw FMA 0( FMA 1

0%7% W{tthr èm w{w}`be`jhk {wk oc àzbg{h}{z`hbet{}w

FMA 0( FMA 1

0%=% @azbg{h}{z`h Mbskzwbcbg`}boe FMA0

0%;% @azbg{h}{z`h Gzkmb} èm Bew{zègk FMA0

0%3% Tnrwbg`h F`zik} èm becz`w}z{g}{zkmkskhotfke}

FMA0

0%1% @azbg{h}{z`h F`zik}bea èm ]z`mk FMA0

0%>% Tohbgr/Zka{h`}ozr Kesbzoefke} FMA0

0%2% K`zhr Q`zebea wrw}kf mkskhotfke} FMA0( FMA>

0%04% Tzom{gkz Tzbgk W{ttoz}

0%00% T{jhbg W}ogi Fèàkfke}/Tzbgk W}`jbhb|`}boeOjlkg}bsk :

:%0%@azbg{h}{z`h Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke} FMA0

:%:%Kfkzakegr coom mbw}zbj{}boe coz t{jhbg w}ogiw FMA0

:%7% Ke`jhbea Kesbzoefke} coz Tzbs`}k Coom ]z`mkèm W}ogi .wkk 0%>"

FMA0

:%=%Kcckg}bskekww oc }`zak}km tzoaz`fw èm o}nkzw`ck}r ek}w

FMA0( FMA7

:%;%Begofk akekz`}boe coz qofke èm }nk mbw`jhkm FMA0( FMA7

:%3%@azo&j`wkm/àzo&tzogkwwbea/Fbgzo èm Wf`hh ke}kztzbwk mkskhotfke}

FMA0( FMA7

:%1%F`zik} mzbske km{g`}boe( wibhhw èm n{fèmkskhotfke}

FMA0( FMA:( FMA7

Ojlkg}bsk 7

7%0%H] thèebea coz j`hègkm coom FMA0( FMA=( FMA;( FMA3

7%:%J`hègkm èm E{}zb}bo{w coom coz s{hekz`jhktkothk

FMA0( FMA=( FMA;( FMA3

7%7%E{}zb}boe km{g`}boe oe mbk}`zr mbskzwbcbg`}boe FMA0( FMA=( FMA;( FMA3

7%=%Coom w{tthkfke}`}boe èm coz}bcbg`}boe FMA:( FMA=( FMA;

7%;%W`ck mzbeibea q`}kz èm bftzoskm wèb}`}boe FMA0 FMA1

7%3%W`ck( p{`hb}r coom w{tthr FMA0(7%1%Qofke èm Gnbhmzke Nk`h}n FMA0( FMA:( FMA7( FMA=(FMA;( FMA3

7%>%Tzofo}boe èm tzo}kg}boe oc jzk`w}&ckkmbea èmgofthkfke}`zr ckkmbea

FMA0( FMA:( FMA=

:2 FMA0 .Kz`mbg`}k K~}zkfk Toskz}r èm N{eakz"9 FMA: .@gnbksk {ebskzw`h tzbf`zr km{g`}boe"9 FMA7

.Tzofo}k Akemkz Kp{`hb}r èm kftoqkz Qofke"9 FMA= .Zkm{gk Gnbhm Foz}`hb}r"9 FMA; .Bftzosk F`}kze`hNk`h}n"9 FMA3 .Gofj`} NBS/@BMw( f`h`zb` èm o}nkz mbwk`wkw"9 FMA1 .Kew{zk kesbzoefke}`h w{w}`be`jbhb}r"9FMA> .Mkskhot ` ahoj`h t`z}ekzwnbt coz mkskhotfke}"


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B%=% Bfthkfke}`}boe fkgnèbwfw

B%=%0% F`be @g}ozw

Aoskzefke}< Be bfthkfke}bea }nk To@ }oq`zmw `gnbksbea Ojlkg}bsk 0 oc }nk ECT( tzbf`zrzkwtoewbjbhb}r oe }nk aoskzefke} wbmk zkw}w qb}n }nk Fbebw}zr oc @azbg{h}{zk .Fo@"( }nkFbebw}zr oc Cbwnkzr èm Hbskw}ogi .FoCH"( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Hèm .FoH" èm Fbebw}zr ocQ`}kz Zkwo{zgkw .FoQZ"( èm }nkbz zkh`}km mbsbwboew( mkt`z}fke}w èm bew}b}{}kw% Be }nkzk`hf oc kenègbea `ggkww }o coom .ECT Ojlkg}bsk :"( zkwtoewbjbhb}bkw oc s`zbo{w fbebw}zbkwèm àkegbkw `zk ghk`zhr fozk qbmkwtzk`m `gzoww }nk s`zbo{w `zk`w oc be}kzske}boe cozkwkke be}nk To@% ]n{w( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke} qbhh n`sk ` ghk`z zkwtoewbjbhb}rbe }zèwb}ozr wnogi fèàkfke} èm `mfbebw}z`}boe oc }`zak}km tzoaz`fw èm w`ck}r ek}wqnbhw} }nk Kgoeofbg Zkh`}boe Mbsbwboe oc }nk Fbebw}zr oc Cbeègk qbhh `hwo th`r ` ikrw{ttoz}bsk zohk be kew{zbea è kcckg}bsk goozmbe`}boe oc k~}kze`h coom èm zkn`jbhb}`}boe`wwbw}ègk be kfkzakegr wb}{`}boew% Goeskzwkhr( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Hog`h Aoskzefke} Z{z`hMkskhotfke} èm Gootkz`}bskw .FoHAZMG"( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Qofke èm Gnbhmzke @cc`bzw.FoQG@"( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Bem{w}zr .FoB"( }nk Fbebw}zr oc H`joz èm Kfthorfke} .FoHK"(}nk Fbebw}zr oc Km{g`}boe .FoK" `zk }o jk ikr th`rkzw be }`gihbea kgoeofbg `ggkwwgn`hhkeakw%

@g}boew zkh`}km }o tzofo}boe oc e{}zb}boe coz `hh bembsbm{`hw .ECT Ojlkg}bsk 7" ke}`bh }qo}rtkw oc w}z`}kabkw coom&j`wkm èm eoe&coom&j`wkm% ]nk tzbf`zr zkwtoewbjbhb}r coz coom&

j`wkm `g}boew hbkw qb}n }nk Fbebw}zbkw oc @azbg{h}{zk .Fo@"( Hbskw}ogi èm Cbwnkzbkw.FoCHW"( Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke} .FoCMF" èm Kesbzoefke} èm Cozkw} .FoKC"(

èm }nkbz zkh`}km mbsbwboew( mkt`z}fke}w èm bew}b}{}kw% ]nk JWGBG èm }nk JW]B {emkz }nkFbebw}zr oc Bem{w}zr .FoB" èm }nk BCW] èm }nk @KG {emkz }nk Fbebw}zr oc Wgbkegk èmBecozf`}boe èm Goff{ebg`}boe ]kgneohoar .FoWBG]" qbhh th`r ikr zohkw be `g}boew zkh`}km}o coom coz}bcbg`}boe èm wk}}bea coom w}èm`zmw% ]nk Fbebw}zbkw oc Nk`h}n èm C`fbhr Qkhc`zk.FoNCQ" èm Hog`h Aoskzefke}( Z{z`h mkskhotfke} # Gootkz`}bskw .FoHAZM#G" qbhhghk`zhr jk }nk ikr `g}ozw be eoe&coom&j`wkm `g}boew( begh{mbea }nk gn`hhkeakw oc w`ck q`}kz èmwèb}`}boe( èm bftzoskm qofke èm gnbhmzkew nk`h}n% Coom w`ck}r èm coom p{`hb}r zkh`}km`g}boew qnbgn `zk qb}nbe }nk zkwtoewbjbhb}bkw oc }nkwk }qo fbebw}zbkw( `hwo c`hh qb}nbe }nk

jzo`mkz t{zsbkq oc o}nkz wkg}ozw/fbebw}zbkw .Fo@( FoCHW"% ]nk FoNCQ( `hoea qb}n }nkFbebw}zbkw oc Qofke èm Gnbhmzke @cc`bzw .FoQG@"( Km{g`}boe .FoK"( Becozf`}boe .FoB"èm Wogb`h Qkhc`zk .FoWQ" qbhh `hwo }ìk {t }nk zkwtoewbjbhb}bkw oc `g}boew be }nk `zk` oc

tzofo}boe èm tzo}kg}boe oc jzk`w}ckkmbea èm gofthkfke}`zr ckkmbea%

Noqkskz( fow} oc be}kzske}boew goe}kfth`}km be }nk To@ qbhh zkp{bzk `ttzotzb`}k/bftzoskmgoozmbe`}boe `foea `w qkhh `w jk}qkke mbcckzke} fbebw}zbkw èm àkegbkw .wkk jkhoq"

EAO goff{eb}r< ]nk EAO wkg}oz n`w jkke ` f`loz cozgk be g`zzrbea wkg}oz j`wkmtzoaz`ffkw }o }nk az`wwzoo}w èm z{z`h goff{eb}bkw coz oskz 7 mkg`mkw% @ h`zak e{fjkz oc EAOw `zk th`rbea è `g}bsk zohk be sbz}{`hhr `hh `zk`w oc be}kzske}boe goskzkm jr }nk To@(begh{mbea qofke mkskhotfke}/kftoqkzfke} èm begofk akekz`}bea `g}bsb}bkw coz }nk toozèm }nk s{hekz`jhk( fbgzo&gzkmb}( àzbg{h}{zk( hbskw}ogi( to{h}zr èm cbwnkzbkw mkskhotfke}(}zèwb}ozr wnogi fèàkfke}( kesbzoefke}( q`}kz w{tthr èm wèb}`}boe( nk`h}n èm c`fbhr

thèebea( }kgneohoar èm ke}zktzkek{zwnbt mkskhotfke}% @w tobe}km o{} jr }nk E`}boe`h@azbg{h}{z`h Tohbgr Thè oc @g}boe .:44="( }nk EAO goff{eb}r wn`hh th`r è bew}z{fke}`h


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zohk be `gnbksbea ECT Ojlkg}bsk 0 }nzo{an .`" nkhtbea }o tzosbmk sobgk coz }nk {e&kftoqkzkm( .j" tzofo}bea zban}w èm be}kzkw}w oc }nk mbw`msè}àkm( sb|%( qofke( wf`hh èmf`zabe`h c`zfkzw èm àzbg{h}{z`h h`jozkzw( .g" tzosbmbea gzkmb} èm wibhhw }z`bebea coz wf`hhèm f`zabe`h c`zfkzw èm hèmhkww h`jozkzw( .m" `wwbw}bea c`zfkzw kw}`jhbwn gootkz`}bskw èmo}nkz c`zfkz ozaèb|`}boew( .m" c`gbhb}`}bea goe}`g}w èm goe}z`g}w jk}qkke c`zf èm

àzbj{wbekww ozaèb|`}boew% Be `mmb}boe( EAOw `zk `hwo skzr `g}bsk be bfthkfke}bea nk`h}n ème{}zb}boe zkh`}km `g}bsb}bkw èm tzoaz`ffkw be ghowk gohh`joz`}boe qb}n }nk FoNCQ .NETWT"(M@K .Fo@" èm o}nkz wkg}ozw be `zk`w oc wgnooh a`zmkebea( àzbg{h}{zk j`wkm e{}zb}boe èmo}nkz zkh`}km `zk`w `w mk}`bhkm be }nk `g}boew {emkz ojlkg}bsk 7 oc }nk To@%

Tzbs`}k wkg}oz< @hoeawbmk }nk aoskzefke}( }nk tzbs`}k ke}kztzbwkw th`r ` sb}`h zohk be gzk`}beabegofk k`zebea ottoz}{eb}bkw be àzbg{h}{zk èm eoe&àzbg{h}{zk wkg}oz be z{z`h `w qkhh `w{zjè `zk`w% Abske }nk tzkww{zkw oe tot{h`}boe èm hèm èm }nk mkghbebea }zkemw be coom `bm(}nk zohk oc tzbs`}k beskw}fke} be eoe&c`zf z{z`h `g}bsb}bkw j{} `hwo be coom bftoz}w bw fkè} }o

jkgofk begzk`wbeahr gzb}bg`h% @w zka`zmw ECT Ojlkg}bsk 0( }nk tzbs`}k wkg}oz bw fkè} }o th`rè bew}z{fke}`h zohk be wt{zzbea àzbg{h}{z`h goffkzgb`hb|`}boe èm àzb&j{wbekww

mkskhotfke}( }nzo{an f`be}`bebea ` w}`jhk w{tthr oc bet{}w( kp{btfke} èm wkzsbgkw }oc`zfkzw( f`zik}bea àzbg{h}{z`h tzom{gkw be mofkw}bg èm be}kze`}boe`h f`zik}w( }zèwckzzbea}kgneohoar( f`be}`bebea p{`hb}r w}èm`zm( bftzosbea s`h{k gn`be fèàkfke}( tzofo}beaekq c`zfbea ozaèb|`}boe`h fomkhw .k%a% goe}z`g} c`zfbea"( `w qkhh `w goem{g}bea f`zik}zkwk`zgn% Qnbhw} }nk aoskzefke} bw }o tzofo}k }nk gzk`}boe oc è ke`jhbea kesbzoefke} èmc`gbhb}`}k `ggkww oc fow} s{hekz`jhk wkafke}w oc }nk tot{h`}boe( kwtkgb`hhr qofke( }nk tzbs`}kwkg}oz qbhh jk }nk gozk keabek oc kfthorfke} gzk`}boe èm begofk akekz`}boe be z{z`h c`zfèm eoe&c`zf wkg}ozw%

Zkgke}hr( }nk tzbs`}k wkg}oz bw wkke }o jk tzo`g}bsk }nzo{an h`zak wg`hk beskw}fke}w be e{}zb&j{wbekww be }nk cozf oc coz}bcbg`}boe oc gooibea obh qb}n sb}`fbew .@ èm M" be hbek qb}n }nkmbzkg}bskw oc }nk E`}boe`h Coz}bcbg`}boe @hhbègk .EC@" {emkz }nk Fbebw}zr oc Bem{w}zr% Qnbhk}nbw bw ` w}kt cozq`zm }oq`zmw fb}ba`}bea e{}zb}boe`h tzojhkfw be }nk go{e}zr( }nk coz}bcbg`}boew}èm`zmw ekkm }o jk foeb}ozkm ghowkhr% ]nk coom bem{w}zr wkg}oz be Jèah`mkwn bw z`tbmhrazoqbea qb}n }nk `mske} èm `tthbg`}boe oc fomkze }kgneohoabkw }nkzkjr th`rbea ` to}ke}b`hhrbftoz}è} zohk be coom wkg{zb}r zkh`}km ske}{zkw%

Goff{eb}bkw< Qnbhw} goff{eb}bkw `zk }`zak}km jr wkskz`h be}kzske}boew {emkz }nk To@( }nkTo@ `hwo kftn`wb|kw goff{eb}r besohskfke} èm kftoqkzfke}( eo}`jhr }nzo{angoff{eb}r/ sbhhàk&j`wkm ozaèb|`}boew74( `w ikr }o bftzosbea no{wknohm coom wkg{zb}r .k%a%goff{eb}r&j`wkm mbw`w}kz tzkt`zkmekww( goff{eb}r&j`wkm k~}kewboe wkzsbgkw èm `zk`&j`wkm

goff{eb}r e{}zb}boe `g}bsb}bkw {emkz }nk E`}boe`h E{}zb}boe Tzoaz`ffk EET"%

@g`mkfb` èm Zkwk`zgn Bew}b}{}boew< Fèr `g}boew tzotowkm be }nk To@ `ww{fk }nk `g}bsk t`z}bgbt`}boe oc `g`mkfb` èm zkwk`zgn bew}b}{}boew% ]nk h`}}kz `zk }o th`r ` ikr zohk bebfthkfke}bea }nk To@ be }nk `zk`w oc @azbg{h}{z`h zkwk`zgn èm k~}kewboe( K`zhr Q`zebeaWrw}kf mkskhotfke}( àzbg{h}{z`h gzkmb} èm bew{zègk( j{} `hwo be fèr o}nkz `zk`w {emkzOjlkg}bsk : èm 7( begh{mbea( mbw`w}kz fèàkfke}( .`wwkwwbea" }nk kcckg}bskekww oc w`ck}r ek}

tzoaz`fw% [emkz Ojlkg}bsk 7 oc }nk ECT( wgbke}bcbg zkwk`zgn bw zkp{bzkm coz }nk kw}`jhbwnfke}oc w}èm`zm e{}zbke} èm coom be}ìk coz `hh tot{h`}boe azo{tw oc Jèah`mkwn%

74 W{gn `w }nowk kw}`jhbwnkm {emkz C@Ow Wtkgb`h Tzoaz`ffk coz Coom Wkg{zb}r .WTCW"


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Mkskhotfke} T`z}ekzw< Jbh`}kz`h èm be}kze`}boe`h moeozw èm o}nkz mkskhotfke} t`z}ekzww{ttoz} ` qbmk zèak oc {tw}zk`f èm moqew}zk`f coom wkg{zb}r beb}b`}bskw èm tzoaz`fw( besbz}{`hhr `hh `zk`w oc be}kzske}boew goskzkm jr }nbw To@( f`behr be t`z}ekzwnbt qb}n ` zèak ocaoskzefke} èm/oz EAOw%

B%=%: Goozmbe`}boe

Qb}nbe aoskzefke} goozmbe`}boe< @w zka`zmw }nk bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk ECT To@ }oq`zmwOjlkg}bsk 0( be}kz&àkegr goozmbe`}boe qbhh jk kwtkgb`hhr gzb}bg`h `} }nzkk hkskhw< w}zkea}nkebeagoozmbe`}boe qb}nbe }nk gzot wkg}oz( goozmbe`}bea qb}n f`gzo tohbgr&fìbea( èm goozmbe`}beaqb}n o}nkz wkg}oz`h( kwtkgb`hhr eoe&gzot èm gzoww g{}}bea( tohbgbkw èm tzoaz`fw .cbwnkzr èmhbskw}ogi( hèm( q`}kz zkwo{zgkw fèàkfke}( kesbzoefke}`h tohbgbkw" wkk E`}boe`h@azbg{h}{z`h Tohbgr To@ .:44="% Oe&aobea kccoz}w }o tzofo}k }nk be}kaz`}boe èm w}z`}kabg

thèebea qb}nbe }nk àzbg{h}{z`h wkg}oz ekkm }o jk w{w}`bekm( begh{mbea be}kaz`}bea k~}kewboe tohbgbkw èm wkzsbgkw oc }nk mbcckzke} mkt`z}fke}w .hbskw}ogi( cbwnkzbkw( èm cozkw}zr" sb` }nk

goozmbe`}boe goffb}}kkw }n`} n`sk jkke kw}`jhbwnkm czof e`}boe`h }o mbw}zbg} hkskh èm }nk coz`gzk`}km }o mbwg{ww wkg}oz&qbmk `ttzo`gnkw%

Wbfbh`zhr( be hbek qb}n ECT Ojlkg}bsk :( hoea }kzf w{ttoz} }o àzb&j{wbekww èm àzo& tzogkwwbea mkskhotfke}( èm zkh`}km kccoz}w }o bftzosk s`h{k&gn`be fèàkfke} be }nkfkmb{f }kzf hoea }kzf( qbhh zkp{bzk g`zkc{h goozmbe`}boe oc `g}bsb}bkw èm mkgbwboe&fìbea

tzogkwwkw jk}qkke }nk Fo@( }nk FoCH( }nk FoB .zka`zmbea be t`z}bg{h`z tzofo}boe`htohbgbkw"( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Goffkzgk èm }nk Fbebw}zr oc Km{g`}boe .zka`zmbea `ml{w}fke}w besog`}boe`h }z`bebea km{g`}boe g{zzbg{h`"%

Be Jèah`mkwn( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Nk`h}n èm C`fbhr Qkhc`zk n`w jkke fèm`}km }o `g} `w }nkhk`m fbebw}zr be oskzwkkbea fow} oc }nk e{}zb}boe&cog{wkm be}kzske}boew% J{} wbegk e{}zb}boe bw `f{h}bmbwgbthbe`zr bww{k( ` nban mkazkk oc goozmbe`}boe bw zkp{bzkm jk}qkke }nbw Fbebw}zr èm `hho}nkz zkh`}km fbebw}zbkw .0; fbebw}zbkw qkzk bmke}bcbkm be }nk E`}boe`h Thè oc @g}boe coz

E{}zb}boe( 0221" be ozmkz }o `gnbksk w{ggkwwc{h bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk To@ Ojlkg}bsk 7 oc }nkECT% ]o `}}`be }nbw( }nk Jèah`mkwn E`}boe`h E{}zb}boe Go{egbh q`w cozfkm be 021=( qb}n }nkTzbfk Fbebw}kz `w b}w Gn`bztkzwoe% Be kwwkegk( b} bw }nk nbankw} jomr }o kew{zk be}kz&wkg}oz`hgoozmbe`}boe `foea `hh goegkzekm wkg}ozw }nzo{an b}w hbeiàkw qb}n }nk Fbebw}zr oc Thèebeaèm t`z}ekzwnbtw qb}n }nk eoe&aoskzefke}`h `g}ozw }oq`zmw f`bew}zk`fbea e{}zb}boe be}oàzbg{h}{zk( nk`}n( km{g`}boe( z{z`h mkskhotfke} èm wogb`h tzo}kg}boe tzoaz`fw% Noqkskz( }nkGo{egbh bw eo} `g}bsk keo{an }o }zèwh`}k b}w fèm`}k be}o `g}boe% ]nk Wkgzk}`zb`} oc }nk

Go{egbh ekkmw }o jk w}zkea}nkekm% Be t`z}bg{h`z( }nkzk bw ` h`gi oc goozmbe`}boe jk}qkke }nk}qo tbhh`zw oc e{}zb}boe( e`fkhr }nk Fbebw}zr oc Nk`h}n èm C`fbhr Qkhc`zk .w{tthkfke}`}boe(coz}bcbg`}boe èm mbwk`wk goe}zoh&j`wkm `g}boew" èm }nk Fbebw}zr oc @azbg{h}{zk .coom&j`wkm`g}boew"%

]nk FoCMF n`w jkke fèm`}km }o th`r ` f`loz zohk be goozmbe`}bea mb`hoa{k èm ECT To@bfthkfke}`}boe èm foeb}ozbea kccoz}w `foea s`zbo{w hbek fbebw}zbkw èm t`z}ekzw be `mmb}boe}o b}w f`be zkwtoewbjbhb}r qb}n coom thèebea( mbw}zbj{}boe èm mbw`w}kz fèàkfke}% @w w}`}kmbe }nk ECT tzk`fjhk( }nk FoCMF qbhh g`zzr o{} b}w oqe tzoaz`fw9 be `mmb}boe( b} qbhhkew{zk k~}kembea `hh o{} w{ttoz} }o `hh goegkzekm fbebw}zbkw èm àkegbkw be bfthkfke}bea

}nkbz oqe coom&wkg{zb}r zkh`}km w}z`}kabkw èm tzoaz`fw% Be }nbw q`r( `}}`bebea coom wkg{zb}r

qbhh jk towwbjhk }nzo{an ` goozmbe`}km bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk tzoaz`fw oc `hh goegkzekm


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fbebw}zbkw èm àkegbkw( `w wk} be }nk e`}boe`h thè oc `g}boe coz coom wkg{zb}r cz`fkm be

`wwogb`}boe qb}n `hh goegkzekm fbebw}zbkw be }nk hban} oc }nk `ttzoskm coom tohbgr%

]nk Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbea Goffb}}kk .CTFG"( }nk Coom Tohbgr Qozibea Azo{t.CTQA"( }nk Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbea [eb} èm }nk ]nkf`}bg Zkwk`zgn ]k`fw .]Z]w"

cozf }nk gozk bew}b}{}boe`h cz`fkqozi coz goozmbe`}bea bfthkfke}`}boe èm foeb}ozbea oc }nkECT èm b}w To@ .wkk Wkg}boe S"%

@w eo}km k`zhbkz( }nk ]Z]w( {emkz }nk hk`mkzwnbt oc FoCMF/CTF[ èm oskz`hh a{bmègk oc}nk CTQA( th`rkm è bew}z{fke}`h zohk be goozmbe`}bea }nk mkskhotfke} oc }nk ECT To@ èmzkh`}km goew{h}`}bsk tzogkwwkw% J{bhmbea {toe }nbw k~tkzbkegk( `hoeawbmk goe}be{km g`t`gb}rw}zkea}nkebea( }nk ]Z]w wn`hh wkzsk `w kcckg}bsk th`}cozfw coz `g}bs`}bea èm bew}b}{}boe`hb|beabe}kz&fbebw}kzb`h èm be}kz&àkegr mb`hoa{k èm cohhoq&{t oe }nk bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk `g}boeàkem`w h`bm moqe be }nk To@( begh{mbea tkzbombg becozf`}boe&wn`zbea/mbwg{wwboew oe wkg}oz`h

thèebea èm j{mak}`zr tzogkwwkw be hban} oc To@ tzbozb}bkw( lobe} foeb}ozbea oc tzoazkww}oq`zmw }nk `gnbkskfke} oc To@ w}`}km o{}gofkw èm o{}t{}w/zkw{h}w( `w qkhh `w w{ttoz} }o

zkh`}km è`hr}bg`h èm goew{h}`}bsk `g}bsb}bkw%

Be hbek qb}n }nk tzogkww beb}b`}km {emkz C@O ECTGWT `wwbw}ègk( CTF[/]Z]w oe&aobeaw{ttoz} }o }nk To@ bfthkfke}`}boe èm foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw wn`hh cohhoq ghk`z èm zkw{h}w&ozbke}km èe{`h qozi thèw( }o jk kw}`jhbwnkm be ` t`z}bgbt`}ozr q`r jr }nk CTF[/]Z]fkfjkzw {emkz }nk a{bmègk èm w{tkzsbwboe oc }nk CTQA%

EAO/EAO & Aoskzefke} goozmbe`}boe< Aoskzefke}&EAO gohh`joz`}boe bw cozkwkke `w ikr}o }nk kcckg}bsk bfthkfke}`}boe oc }nk To@( qnbgn g`hhw coz w}zkea}nkebea goozmbe`}boe èm

t`z}ekzwnbtw be fèr `zk`w oc be}kzske}boe% ]nk To@ w}zoeahr kftn`wb|kw }nk ekkm coz ekq`ttzo`gnkw èm mkskhotfke} beb}b`}bskw coz coom wkg{zb}r èm }nk `jbhb}r oc }nk EAOw }o

tzosbmk `h}kze`}bsk fomkhw coz ` az`m{`h gnèak oc kftn`wbw czof goff{eb}r qkhc`zk&zkh`}km`g}bsb}bkw }o be}kaz`}km mkskhotfke} oc }nk tooz% ]nk EAOw `zk g{zzke}hr gohh`joz`}bea qb}n}nk Aoskzefke} {emkz s`zbo{w `zzèakfke}w( fow}hr w{j&goe}z`g}bea `zzèakfke}w {emkzqnbgn aoskzefke} àkegbkw ke}kz be}o goe}z`g} qb}n EAOw%

Goozmbe`}boe oc EAO `g}bsb}bkw `zk tkzcozfkm fow}hr jr }qo ozaèb|`}boew< }nk EAO @cc`bzwJ{zk`{ .EAO@J" {emkz }nk Tzbfk Fbebw}kzw Occbgk èm }nk @wwogb`}boe oc Mkskhotfke}@akegbkw be Jèah`mkwn .@M@J" zktzkwke}bea }nk be}kzkw}w oc }nk EAOw% @ AO&EAOGoew{h}`}bsk Go{egbh .AEGG" n`w jkke kw}`jhbwnkm( qb}n zktzkwke}`}bskw czof }nk

aoskzefke}( EAOw èm }nk gbsbh wogbk}r( }o wkzsk `w ` coz{f coz }nk Aoskzefke} èm EAOw}o goozmbe`}k `g}bsb}bkw èm k~gnèak sbkqw oe ` zka{h`z j`wbw oe `hh bww{kw `cckg}bea AO&EAO gohh`joz`}boe% ]nk AEGG qoziw `w è `msbwozr go{egbh }oq`zm zkwohsbea bww{kw `zbwbeao{} oc AO&EAO be}kz`g}boe èm gohh`joz`}boe%

Mkskhotfke} T`z}ekzw/Aoskzefke}% Be hbek qb}n }nk T`zbw Mkgh`z`}boe oe @bm Kcckg}bskekww.:44;"( }nk mkskhotfke} t`z}ekzw goff{eb}r be Jèah`mkwn goffb}}km }o ` e{fjkz oc`g}boew }o bftzosk kccbgbkegr èm jk}}kz goozmbe`}boe( zkm{gk `mfbebw}z`}bsk j{zmkew( èmfbebfb|k zbwiw% @hbaefke} oc go{e}zr tzoaz`ffbea qb}n }nk TZWT tzbozb}bkw èm }nk FMAwbw ` f`loz w}kt }oq`zmw bftzoskm goozmbe`}boe% Abske }nk mkazkk oc `hbaefke} jk}qkke }nbwTo@( }nk TZWT èm }nk FMAw( AoJ/Mkskhotfke} T`z}ekzw goozmbe`}boe `zo{em }nk ECT To@

bfthkfke}`}boe wn`hh fìk è `g}bsk {wk oc k~bw}bea TZWT/FMAw zkh`}kmAoskzefke}/Mkskhotfke} T`z}ekzw mb`hoa{k th`}cozfw% ]nbw wn`hh goe}zbj{}k }o kenègk }nk


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sbwbjbhb}r oc coom wkg{zb}r zkh`}km tzbozb}bkw èm tohbgr kccoz}w qb}nbe }nowk jzo`mkz tohbgrcz`fkqoziw( qnbhw} `hwo tzosbmbea wbaebcbgè} hkskzàk }o oskz`hh goozmbe`}boe èm foeb}ozbeakccoz}w% F`loz th`}cozfw( begh{mk&:40; èm wn`hh zkgkbsk `mkp{`}k c{embea( cohhoqbea

tn`wbea&o{} oc C@O&ECTGWT w{ttoz}%

70 @ ikr ck`}{zk oc }nk F]JC bw }n`} cbeègb`h keskhotkw coz zkg{zzke} .eoe mkskhotfke}" èm mkskhotfke} wtkembea .{emkz}nk @ee{`h Mkskhotfke} Tzoaz`f .@MT"" n`sk jkke be}kaz`}km oskz ` }nzkk rk`z tkzbom( qb}n ` sbkq }o kew{zbea azk`}kzc{embea gkz}`be}r }o tzbozb}r tzolkg}w% ]nk F]JC fbebw}zbkw( `hh ikr t`z}ekzw be }nk To@ bfthkfke}`}boe( g{zzke}hr begh{mk }nkFbebw}zr oc Km{g`}boe9 Fbebw}zr oc Tzbf`zr èm F`ww Km{g`}boe9 Fbebw}zr oc Wogb`h Qkhc`zk9 Fbebw}zr oc Qofke èmGnbhmzkew @cc`bzw9 Fbebw}zr oc @azbg{h}{zk9 Fbebw}zr oc Cbwnkzbkw èm Hbskw}ogi9 Fbebw}zr oc Nk`h}n èm C`fbhr Qkhc`zk9Hog`h Aoskzefke} Mbsbwboe9 Z{z`h Mkskhotfke} èm Gootkz`}bskw9 Fbebw}zr oc Q`}kz Zkwo{zgkw9 Fbebw}zr oc

Goff{ebg`}boew9 Fbebw}zr oc Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke}9 Fbebw}zr oc Kesbzoefke} èm Cozkw}9 èm Fbebw}zr oc Wgbkegkèm BG]%


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B%;% To@ Foeb}ozbea W}z`}kar O{}hbek

]nk ECT mog{fke} {emkzwgozkw w}zkea}nkebea coom wkg{zb}r foeb}ozbea kccoz}w tobe}beaeo}`jhr }o }nk ekkm coz goe}be{km becozf`}boe choqw( è`hrwbw oc becozf`}boe( ieoqhkmak ocgnèabea mre`fbgw oc coom wkg{zb}r kesbzoefke}( `mkp{`}k e{fjkz oc ot}boew( wnoz} èm

hoea&z{e cozkg`w} oc mofkw}bg èm qozhm w{tthr èm }z`mk .wkk ECT Wkg}boe K"%

B%;%0% Gozk Bew}b}{}boe`h cz`fkqozi

]nk Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbea Goffb}}kk .CTFG"( gn`bzkm jr }nk Fbebw}zr oc Coomèm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke} .FoCMF" bw }nk e`}boe`h tohbgr jomr zkwtoewbjhk coz }nk

thèebea èm foeb}ozbea }nk bfthkfke}`}boe oc coom wkg{zb}r tohbgbkw èm tzoaz`fw( nkzkjrgoewohbm`}km be }nk ECT .:443" èm b}w Thè oc @g}boe%

]nk ECT .:443" wtkgbcbg`hhr w}`}kw }n`} }nk e`}boe`h hkskh Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbeaGoffb}}kk gn`bzkm jr }nk Fbebw}zr oc Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke} qbhh thè èm foeb}oz}nk oskz`hh e`}boe`h coom wkg{zb}r kccoz}w( begh{mbea coom {}bhb|`}boe èm e{}zb}boe bww{kw%

Zktzkwke}`}bskw oc `hh fbebw}zbkw `wwogb`}km qb}n coom wkg{zb}r `g}bsb}bkw .k%a% }nk Fbebw}zr oc

Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke}( Fbebw}zr oc Cbeègk( Fbebw}zr oc Thèebea( Fbebw}zr oc

@azbg{h}{zk( Fbebw}zr oc Cbwnkzbkw èm Hbskw}ogi( Fbebw}zr oc Hog`h Aoskzefke}( Z{z`h

Mkskhotfke} èm Gootkz`}bskw( Fbebw}zr oc Qofke èm Gnbhmzke @cc`bzw( Fbebw}zr oc Nk`h}n

èm C`fbhr Qkhc`zk" qbhh jk be }nbw goffb}}kk wo }n`} tzoazkww oe `hh `wtkg}w oc coom tohbgr

gè jk mbwg{wwkm }o absk ekgkww`zr mbzkg}bskw }o cozf{h`}k èm bfthkfke} coom tohbgr&zkh`}km

tzoaz`fw .wkk ECT( :443( t%::"%

Be hbek qb}n }nk k~tèmkm fèm`}k oc }nk CTFG cozkwkke be }nk ECT( è be}kz&fbebw}kzb`hgoozmbe`}boe fkgnèbwf q`w t{} be th`gk }nzo{an }nk Coom Tohbgr Qozibea Azo{t.CTQA"% ]nk CTQA begh{mkw zktzkwke}`}bskw czof thèebea {eb}w oz tohbgr qbeaw oc ikr hbekfbebw}zbkw besohskm be coom wkg{zb}r( e`fkhr( }nk FoCMF( }nk Fbebw}zr oc @azbg{h}{zk.Fo@"( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Cbeègk( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Qofke èm Gnbhmzkew @cc`bzw .FoQG@"(}nk Fbebw}zr oc Nk`h}n èm C`fbhr Qkhc`zk .FoNCQ"( }nk Jèah`mkwn J{zk`{ oc W}`}bw}bgw.JJW" {emkz }nk Fbebw}zr oc Thèebea( }nk Fbebw}zr oc Hog`h Aoskzefke}( Z{z`h Mkskhotfke}èm Gootkz`}bskw .Hog`h Aoskzefke} Mbsbwboe"%

]nk CTQA tzosbmkw a{bmègk èm w{tkzsbwkw }nk qozi oc }nk co{z ]nkf`}bg Zkwk`zgn]k`fw oe coom `s`bh`jbhb}r .]Z]&@"( tnrwbg`h èm wogb`h `ggkww .]Z]&J"( kgoeofbg `ggkww

.]Z]&G" èm e{}zb}boe/{}bhb|`}boe oc coom .]Z]&M"( }n`} goftzbwk zktzkwke}`}bskw oc 0:fbebw}zbkw/mkt`z}fke}w% ]nk ]Z]w qkzk kw}`jhbwnkm jr }nk Aoskzefke} }o tzosbmk è`hr}bg`hèm wkgzk}`zb`h w{ttoz} }o }nk CTFG begh{mbea oe }nk ECT To@ mkskhotfke} èmfoeb}ozbea& {emkz }nk hk`mkzwnbt oc }nk FoCMF Coom Thèebea Foeb}ozbea [eb} .CTF["zkwk`zgn mbzkg}ozw èm oskz`hh a{bmègk oc }nk CTQA .wkk Gn`z} 0"% ]nk ]Z]w {emkz }nka{bmègk oc }nk CTQA( `zk fkè} }o th`r ` hk`mbea zohk be tkzcozfbea èm goozmbe`}bea ECTzkh`}km è`hr}bg`h èm foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw%


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Gn`z} 0 Bew}b}{}boe`h Wk}}bea

]nk Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbea [eb} .CTF["( hog`}km be }nk FoCMF( n`w jkkekw}`jhbwnkm `w wkgzk}`zb`} }o }nk CTFG( `wwbw}bea eo}`jhr qb}n }nk foeb}ozbea }nk oskz`hh coomwb}{`}boe be }nk go{e}zr }nzo{an co{z }kgnebg`h {eb}w< .b" tohbgr `msbwozr wkzsbgkw( zkwk`zgn(è`hrwbw èm ahoj`h/f`gzo tohbgr hbeiàkw9 .bb" coom tzom{g}boe foeb}ozbea( k`zhr q`zebea èm

tzom{gkz begke}bskw( .bbb" f`zik} foeb}ozbea( coom otkz`}boe thèebea èm j{mak}tzosbwboebea9 èm .bs" coom goew{ft}boe èm e{}zb}boe foeb}ozbea èm }`zak}km be}kzske}boew%

Be hbek qb}n }nk k~tèmkm fèm`}k oc }nk CTFG cohhoqbea ECT `ttzos`h( }nk CTF[( }nzo{an}nk ]Z]w èm {emkz }nk a{bmègk oc }nk CTQA( bw fkè} }o th`r ` hk`mbea zohk be tkzcozfbeaèm goozmbe`}bea ECT zkh`}km wkgzk}`zb`h èm foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw%

B%;%: Wgotk èm t{ztowk oc To@ foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw

]nk To@ F`}zb~ wn`hh tzosbmk }nk j`wbg zkckzkegk cz`fkqozi coz thèebea èmotkz`}boe`hb|bea CTQA/CTF[/]Z]w foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw% Qb}nbe }nbw cz`fkqozi( èm oe}nk j`wbw oc becozf`}boe tzosbmkm jr t`z}ekz fbebw}zbkw besohskm be mbzkg} foeb}ozbea èmbfthkfke}`}boe oc zkhksè} tzoaz`fw èm jr o}nkz coom wkg{zb}r ikr becozfè}w( foeb}ozbeaqbhh besohsk% Zktzkwke}`}bsk( Fbebw}zr oc Cbeègk .Cbeègk Mbsbwboe"

:% Gnbkc ]kgnebg`h @msbwoz( ECTGWT 2% Zktzkwke}`}bsk( Fbebw}zr oc Thèebea .JJW"

7% ZM .]k`f Hk`mkz( ]Z]&B"( CTF[ 04% Zktzkwke}`}bsk(Fbebw}zr oc Qofke èm Gnbhmzke @cc`bzw=% ZM .]k`f Hk`mkz( ]Z]&BB"( CTF[ 00% Zktzkwke}`}bsk( Fbebw}zr oc Nk`h}n èm C`fbhr Qkhc`zk

;% ZM .]k`f Hk`mkz( ]Z]&BBB"( CTF[ 0:% Zktzkwke}`}bsk( Fbebw}zr oc Coom èm Mbw`w}kz Fèàkfke}

3% ZM .]k`f Hk`mkz( ]Z]&BS"( CTF[ 07% Zktzkwke}`}bsk( Fbebw}zr oc Hog`h Aoskzefke}( Z{z`h1% Zktzkwke}`}bsk( Fbebw}zr oc @azbg{h}{zk Mkskhotfke} èm Gootkz`}bskw ..Hog`h Aoskzefke} Mbsbwboe"

Coom Tohbgr Qozibea Azo{t .07 Fkfjkz C{eg}boe`h Goffb}}kk"

]NKF@]BG ZKWK@ZGN ]K@FW .]Z]w"


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Bmke}bcrbea jkegnf`ziw èm `wwkwwbea èm mog{fke}bea tzoazkww }oq`zmw }nk }`zak}wwk} coz k`gn `zk` oc be}kzske}boe oe }nk j`wbw oc }nk tzotowkm wk} oc o{}t{} èm bet{}bembg`}ozw .bfthkfke}`}boe/o{}t{} foeb}ozbea"

@wwkwwbea èm mog{fke}bea tzoazkww }oq`zmw }nk o{}gofkw `wwogb`}km qb}n }nk gozk

ojlkg}bskw oc }nk ECT( }nk QCW èm FMA coom wkg{zb}r }`zak}w( `w qkhh `w `wwkwwbeatohbgr bft`g}w .bft`g}/o{}gofk foeb}ozbea"

@wwkwwbea }nk kcckg}bskekww( begh{mbea gow}&kcckg}bskekww oc wtkgbcbg tohbgbkw/tzoaz`fwèm hk`ze czof k~tkzbkegkw wo }n`} gozzkg}bsk fk`w{zkw gè jk }ìke tzoft}hr( èmbecozf ekq tzoaz`f cozf{h`}boe%

F`bew}zk`fbea zkw{h}w oc foeb}ozbea èm zkh`}km è`hr}bg`h `g}bsb}bkw be}o coom wkg{zb}rtohbgr&fìbea èm ekq coom wkg{zb}r tzoaz`f cozf{h`}boe%

B%;%7 W}z`}kar o{}hbek

Goe}be{km èm w}zkea}nkekm g`t`gb}r èm hk`mkzwnbt j{bhmbea kccoz}w ègnozkm oe }nk FoCMF/CTF[ k~tèmkm coom wkg{zb}r thèebea èm foeb}ozbea fèm`}k }nzo{an }nk

CTQA/]Z]w qbhh jk t`z`fo{e} be w{ttoz}bea ECT To@ bfthkfke}`}boe èm foeb}ozbea%

G`t`gb}r&j{bhmbea w{ttoz} }o oskz`hh To@&zkh`}km foeb}ozbea è`hr}bg`h èm goozmbe`}boe`g}bsb}bkw qbhh jk tzbf`zbhr tzosbmkm {emkz }nk C@O ECTGWT be }nk wnoz}&}kzf/fkmb{f&}kzf%

]nk QCT( {emkz b}w Fkfozèm{f oc [emkzw}èmbea .FO[" qb}n }nk FoCMF oe lobe}gohh`joz`}boe oe w}zkea}nkebea coom wkg{zb}r wbaekm oe :0 Eoskfjkz :443( qbhh `hwo `wwbw}qb}n coom wkg{zb}r foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw( qb}n ` cog{w oe foeb}ozbea oc no{wknohm coomwkg{zb}r% Goozmbe`}boe oc C@O/QCT w{ttoz} }o foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw qbhh jk kew{zkm `w t`z} oc}nk Fkfozèm{f oc [emkzw}èmbea .Fo[" wbaekm jk}qkke }nk }qo àkegbkw oe := Og}ojkz:44=%

Thèebea< Qb}nbe }nk k~bw}bea bew}b}{}boe`h cz`fkqozi( g`t`gb}r w}zkea}nkebea kccoz}w wn`hhcog{w oe }nk }kgnebg`h zkp{bzkfke}w tkz}`bebea }o k`gn oc }nk `josk foeb}ozbea w}z`}kabg hbekw%Be }nk cbzw} th`gk èm oe }nk j`wbw oc }nk To@ F`}zb~( ` fozk mk}`bhkm To@Foeb}ozbea Thèqbhh jk mkskhotkm( qb}n w{ttoz} oc ECTGWT( wo `w }o


56/103

;3

Bmke}bcr èm wrw}kfb|k w}z`}kabkw coz zkhksè} m`}` a`}nkzbea fkgnèbwfw èm è`hrwbw(begh{mbea goew{h}`}bsk tzogkwwkw qb}n aoskzefke} èm eoe&aoskzefke} w}ìknohmkzw `}e`}boe`h èm hog`h hkskhw( èm zktoz}bea tzogkm{zkw `hhoqbea coz }nk tzoft}mbwwkfbe`}boe oc zkhb`jhk becozf`}boe }o goegkzekm w}ìknohmkzw9

Wtkgbcr ikr foeb}ozbea mkhbskz`jhkw .e`}{zk èm }bfkhbekw" èm zkh`}km mbwwkfbe`}boew}z`}kabkw%

Goozmbe`}boe èm o}nkz }`wiw( `w qkhh `w mkhbskz`jhkw oc }nk CTF[/]Z]w qb}n zkwtkg} }o }nkmkskhotfke} èm bfthkfke}`}boe oc ECT To@ foeb}ozbea `g}bsb}bkw `hoea }nk hbekw w{aakw}km`josk( qbhh jk wtkgbcbkm be }nk ]Z]w èe{`h qozi thèw .`w `ttzoskm jr }nk CTQA"%

]nk gn`hhkeakw besohskm be mkskhotbea ` wbfthk j{} goftzknkewbsk foeb}ozbea wrw}kf bw c{hhr`gieoqhkmakm% ]nkzkcozk( }nk To@ foeb}ozbea w}z`}kar wn`hh mz`q k~}kewbskhr {toe w}{mbkw`hzk`mr `s`bh`jhk zka`zmbea( eo}`jhr( }nk toskz}r/coom wkg{zb}r bft`g} oc s`zbo{w mkskhotfke}

tzoaz`fw be Jèah`mkwn( `w qkhh `w k~bw}bea FMA/TZWT hbeikm foeb}ozbea beb}b`}bskw% ]nbw

wn`hh goe}zbj{}k }o `sobm m{thbg`}boe oc kccoz}w èm f`~bfb|k wrekzabkw( qnbhw} cow}kzbea gzoww&ckz}bhb|`}boe oc coom wkg{zb}r èm toskz}r zkm{g}boe foeb}ozbea becozf`}boe èm ieoqhkmak%

Be kccoz}w }o cow}kz t{jhbg `q`zkekww( }zèwt`zkegr èm `ggo{e}`jbhb}r( `w qkhh `w k~tèm }nkfoeb}ozbea becozf`}boe j`wbw( }nk To@ foeb}ozbea w}z`}kar wn`hh `hwo kego{zàk t`z}bgbt`}ozrfoeb}ozbea tzogkwwkw%

Hbeibea qb}n TZWT/FMAw foeb}ozbea cz`fkqoziw< ]nbw bw q`zzè}km abske }nk k~}ke} oc }nkw}z`}kabg hbeiàkw jk}qkke }nk ECT To@ èm }nk TZWT/FMAw cz`fkqoziw .be }kzfw ocW]/F] `g}boe àkem`w( }`zak}w èm w{aakw}km bembg`}ozw"( èm }nk goffoe`hb}bkw oc }nkbew}b}{}boe`h cz`fkqoziw qnbgn n`sk jkke t{} be th`gk coz foeb}ozbea .wkk ]`jhk :"%

]`jhk : Goft`zbwoe oc bew}b}{}boe`h wk}}beaw coz foeb}ozbea }nk ECT To@ èm }nk

TZWT/FMAw

ECT To@ Foeb}ozbea TZWT/FMAw Foeb}ozbea

Coom Thèebea èm Foeb}ozbea Goffb}}kk.CTFG"

E`}boe`h W}kkzbea Goffb}}kk coz Toskz}rZkm{g}boe

CTQA/CTF[ .wkgzk}`zb`h w{ttoz} }o CTFG" E`}boe`h Toskz}r Cog`h Tobe} .wkgzk}`zb`hw{ttoz} }o E`}boe`h W}kkzbea Goffb}}kk"

]nkf`}bg Zkwk`zgn ]k`fw hkm jr CTF[

.Zktzkwke}`}bskw czof t`z}ekz fbebw}zbkw" cozfoeb}ozbea tzoazkww }oq`zmw ECT ojlkg}bskw`hoea }nk = f`be mbfkewboew oc CW.`s`bh`jbhb}r( tnrwbg`h èm wogb`h `ggkww(kgoeofbg `ggkww( e{}zb}boe èm {}bhb|`}boe occoom"

Qozibea Azo{tw hkm jr bembsbm{`h fbebw}zbkw

coz wkg}oz`h foeb}ozbea .zktzkwke}`}bskw oct`z}ekz fbebw}zbkw( EAOw( GWOw(tzockwwboe`hw( k}g

Bemktkemke} Goffb}}kk coz Foeb}ozbea èmKs`h{`}boe oc TZW èm @}}`befke} oc FMAw.Goffbwwboebea oc F#K w}{mbkw( zkwk`zgnqozi k}g"

ECTGWT Zkwk`zgn Azè} Beb}b`}bsk .wkkjkhoq t`z}bgbt`}ozr foeb}ozbea"

E`}boe`h Zkwk`zgn C{em


57/103

;1

Be t`z}bg{h`z( w}z`}kabg hbeiàkw( j`wkm oe bmke}bcbkm `zk`w oc gofthkfke}`zb}bkw jk}qkkefoeb}ozbea thèw èm `g}bsb}bkw( wn`hh jk kw}`jhbwnkm qb}n }nk cohhoqbea{eb}w/tzogkwwkw/beb}b`}bskw% ]nk g{zzke} F]FC bmke}bcbkw f`gzokgoeofbgw}`jbhb}r `w ` tzkgoemb}boe }o kgoeofbg azoq}n èm {emkzwgozkw bftzoskm cbwg`h mbwgbthbek èm` }ban} foek}`zr tohbgr%

Jo}n kp{b}r èm azoq}n jkbea oc goegkze( }nk tzbozb}r bw }o `ggkhkz`}k zk`h AMT azoq}n `hoeaqb}n kfthorfke} akekz`}boe coz }nk tooz czof }nk tzkwke} 3%3 + }o 1 + be CR4>% ]nk TZWTkesbwboew è begzk`wk be azoww mofkw}bg beskw}fke} .qnbgn w}oom `} :=%1+ be CR43" }o oskz

:3+ be CR4>% ]nk Aoskzefke} `bfw }o begzk`wk t{jhbg beskw}fke} jr begzk`wbea mofkw}bgzkske{kw( zkm{gbea W}`}k Oqekm Ke}kztzbwkw howwkw èm w{jwbmbkw( èm begzk`wbea k~}kze`h

jozzoqbea% ]nk }`~&AMT z`}bo bw thèekm }o jk begzk`wkm }o 2%3 + be CR4> jr k~tèmbea }nk}`~ j`wbw( fbebfb|bea k~kft}boew èm k~gh{wboew( zkm{gbea ks`wboe( èm bfthkfke}bea

tzogkm{z`h èm `mfbebw}z`}bsk zkcozfw%

Abske }nk hbfb}km k~}ke} }o qnbgn tzbs`}k wkg}oz zkwo{zgkw f`r jk fojbhb

Documents

Bangladesh: National Food Policy Plan of Action (2008-2015)