BACTERIA BACTERIA IN YOUR SOCKSSOCKS

Look out, you’re surrounded! Bacteria are multiplying in your

guts, squiggling in your food – and (gross!) Don’t even look at your

hands. Bacteria may sound icky, but could we survive without these

microscopic life-forms that hang out everywhere?

Sphere-shaped bacteria (cocci)

Streptococcus(strep throat)Staphylococci (responsible for "staph" infections and gangrene)

Rod-shaped bacteria (bacilli) Some types of these bacteria also have whiplike structures called flagella to help them move around.

Escherichia coli or E.coli(found in the intestines of mammals)Salmonella typhi(causes typhoid fever and food poisoning)

                         

Spiral-shaped bacteria (spirilla) can use their shape to propel themselves by twisting like a corkscrew.

Treponema pallidumcholera(syphilis)Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme disease)

Streptococcus: chains of nearly spherical bacteria.

Streptobacillus: chains of rod-shaped bacteria.

Staphylococcus : spherical bacterium occurring in grape-like clusters.

Bacteria that live in harsh environments where few kinds of other organisms can live

The larger of the two groups of bacteria. These usually live in less harsh environments.

Most bacteria are beneficial.

All bacteria that cause known diseases are eubacteria.

bacteria require oxygen to survive

bacteria can live with or without oxygen

bacteria use other organisms for energy

bacteria produce their own food through photosynthesis

Bacteria reproduce by means of binary fission, in which a copy of the DNA is made and then the outer membrane of the bacterium begins to grow inward and divides into two identical cells. In order to exchange genetic material one bacterium attaches itself to another bacterium and introduces DNA directly into it by means of a pilus through the process of conjugation.

microscopic and lacking cells with internal membranes

Bacteria cells are usually much smaller than plant and animal cells and do not contain as many internal structures.

Bacteria cells contain cytoplasm surrounded by a cell membrane and a cell wall.

Its hereditary material(DNA/RNA) is found in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm.

Some bacteria have a thick, gel-like capsule around the cell wall to protect it.

Bacteria in moist environments have whiplike tails called flagella that help them move.

Some bacteria are able to produce thick walls around themselves when evironmental conditions are unfavorable. They form an endospore and can become dormant for hundreds of years.

Bacteria doesn’t just make you sick, it can also keep you healthy. You cannot survive without some bacteria living in or on your body.

Some bacteria produce chemicals called antibiotics that limit the growth of other bacteria. Overuse of antibiotics has led to more resistant bacteria.

Ex. Penicillin

Antibiotics and viruses

• Antibiotics are not effective in fighting viruses.

• Antibiotics attack the cell walls of bacteria. Since viruses don’t have a cell wall, there is nothing for the antibiotic to attack.

Bacteria that cause disease are called pathogens.A vaccine is made from particles taken from damaged bacterial cell walls or from killed bacteria. Immunization protection that occurs when a vaccine is given to prevent other bacterial diseases.

Many pathogens produce poisons called toxins as they grow in your body or as they grow in food that you might eat.

Botulism is a type of food poisoning that is the result of a toxin produced by bacteria whose endospores can survive in canned food.

Pasteurization is a process that is used to kill most harmful bacteria and lengthen the time foods can be stored without spoiling.

Cheeses, buttermilk, chocolate, vinegar, sauerkraut, yogurt

19.1 Bacteria26. Importance of Bacteria-Bacteria are vital to maintaining the

living world. a. Producers that capture energy by photosynthesis.

b. Decomposers – bacteria help ecosystems recycle nutrients by breaking down dead organic matter.

19.1 Bacteriac. Nitrogen fixers – bacteria can convert

nitrogen gas into ammonia; a form that can be used by plants.

d. Some bacteria produce chemicals called antibiotics that limit the growth of other bacteria. This helps keep us healthy.

e. Human uses 1. Bacteria are used to produce a wide variety of foods, beverages, and medicines.

2. Our intestines are inhabited by a large number of bacteria including E. coli. The bacteria produce vitamins for us and we provide a home and food for the bacteria.

Tooth decay

Lyme disease

Tetanus

TuberculosisSalmonella food

poisoningPneumonia

Cholera

Streptococcus mutans

Borrelia burgdorferi

Clostridium tetani

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Salmonella enteritidis

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Vibrio cholerae

Regular dental hygiene

Prevent tick bites

Tetanus vaccination

Vaccination

Proper food-handling

Maintaining good health

Clean water supplies

Disease Pathogen Prevention

Section 19-3

Common Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Diseases Caused by Bacteria and Viruses

Bacterial Diseases in AnimalsA. Bacterial diseases also infect

animals. Many can be passed to humans.

B. Example Anthrax. Anthrax can be passed from animal to humans and can be fatal to both.

Courtesy of:

         

                   

At any given time you have about a billion bacteria on every tooth in your mouth. 

True.

                                                   

     

Warm and moist, your mouth is a breeding ground for bacteria. Some of these bacteria feed on bits of food trapped between the teeth. Immediately after brushing you still have up to a hundred thousand bacteria living on each tooth!

Photograph by David Scharf/Peter Arnold Inc.

                                   Swamps produce terrible odors because owls shower them with nasty-smelling antibacterial sprays.

False.

         

Swampy areas are filled with wet, rotting vegetation. Plants rot as bacteria feed on them. In the process of feeding in these watery areas where there is very little air, bacteria produce a number of gases—including sulfides, which smell like rotten eggs.         

Art by Scott Angle

There are millions of species of bacteria that can make people ill.

False.         Of the thousands of

species of bacteria, only a handful make people ill. The rod-shaped bacteria above cause bubonic plague, a disease that is carried by rodents and fleas. Bubonic plague kills about 1,500 people a year worldwide. This bacteria tends to get more attention than the more common “good” bacteria.

Photograph by CNRI/Science Photo Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.

People use bacteria to clean up after oil spills.

True.Scientists have discovered that several kinds of bacteria can live on a diet of oil. Now if an oil pipe leaks, spilling its contents on the ground, cleanup crews know how to deal with the mess. They cart in bacteria-rich soil and pile it onto the contaminated site. Then they sit back and let the bacteria eat the oil up!

         Art by Scott Angle

                   

           

Bacteria don’t often reproduce.

False.

Bacteria reproduce by dividing, some “lickety-splitting” in half once every 12 to 20 minutes. At that rate, one bacterium can produce billions of offspring in a day.

Photograph by Manfred Kage / Peter Arnold, Inc.

“Microbes: Invisible Invaders, Amazing Allies” Traveling Exhibition Schedulewww.bbhinc.net/microbes.html

Cells Alive: Bacteria Camwww.cellsalive.com

Stalking the Mysterious Microbewww.microbe.org

Beyond Books.comwww.beyondbooks.com/lif72/2a.asp

Virtual Museum of Bacteriawww.bacteriamuseum.org