Visit: www.bacomind.in
www.bacomind.in
A natural remedy for enhancing cognitionNRPL
What is Memory loss?Memory: is the ability of the brain to
store, retain and subsequently recall information. In the recent
decades, it has become one of the principal pillars of a new branch
of science, cognitive neuroscience. Cognitive processes are thus
the mental processes involved in knowing about the world; as such,
they are important in perception, attention, thinking, problem
solving and memorywww.bacomind.in
Memory loss (amnesia) is unusual forgetfulness that can be
caused by brain damage due to disease or injury, or it can be
caused by severe emotional trauma. Aging causes deterioration of
various aspects of memory performance in normal adults. Age
Associated Memory Impairment (AAMI) is a common condition
characterized by very mild symptoms of cognitive decline that occur
as part of the normal aging process.NRPL
Global incidence Information on the prevalence of AAMI is
scanty. According to one
clinical study of Finland, prevalence rate of 56.8 % (men,
57.4%; women, 51.3%) was observed (Koivisto K et al., 1995).
Research criteria proposed by the National Institute of Mental
Health (NIMH) work group were applied.The National Institute of
Mental Health (NIMH) is part of the National Institutes of Health
(NIH), a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human
Services. Koivisto K et al., Prevalence of age-associated memory
impairment in a randomly selected population from eastern Finland.
Neurology. 1995, 45:741-747.
Worldwide, there is a new case of dementia every seven seconds.
Morewww.bacomind.in
than 24.3 million people are currently estimated to have
dementia, and 4.6 million new cases are diagnosed each year.
Dementia is expected to double between 2001 and 2040 in developed
nations; it is forecasted to increase by more than 300 percent in
India and China.Ferri et al., Global prevalence of dementia: a
Delphi consensus study. The Lancet. 2005, 366: 2112-2117.
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Herbal approach to Memory lossBacopa monnieri (Linn.) Pennell.
English name Bacopa Local name Family Part usedwww.bacomind.in
Brahmi Scrophulariaceae Entire plant
NRPL
What is BacoMind ?BacoMind (patent pending) is a clinically
proven, standardized phytochemical composition derived from Bacopa
monnieri, which is well known in Ayurveda as a Brain tonic.
BacoMind has been developed after extensive research work of
several years by Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd. BacoMind is an
ingredient with scientific backup of multiple in vitro, animal and
clinical studies for dietary supplement and food / beverage
industry. BacoMind aims to address Age Associated Memory Impairment
(AAMI) in older people Learning & Memory in children Requiring
Individual Education Programme
www.bacomind.in
NRPL
www.bacomind.in
Clinical evidence of BacoMind
NRPL
Clinical Study in older personsEfficacy and Tolerability of
BacoMind on memory improvement in elderly participants - A
randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study A randomized,
double blind, placebo controlled study was conducted on 44 elderly
individuals (21 placebo and 23 BacoMind; age group between 50-75
years)www.bacomind.in
BacoMind (450 mg) or placebo was administered once daily up to
12 weeks, thereafter, medication was discontinued and subsequent 12
weeks was kept as withdrawal period. The study findings suggested
that BacoMind improved the cognitive functions such as attention
and verbal memory in elderly individuals and was also found to be
well tolerated.Harshad C Barbhaiya et al., Efficacy and
tolerability of BacoMind on memory improvement in elderly
participants - A double blind placebo controlled study. Journal of
Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2008, 3(6): 425-434.
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Clinical Study in older persons
Study profile65 elderly individuals (42 men and 23 women)
Enrolled 6 SUBJECTS DROPPED OUT3 - Were not present for the second
visit 3 - Not present for complete study
59 (37 men and 22 women) Completed the study 15 subjects were
outliered 44 (29 men and 15 women) participants were analysed for
statistics
www.bacomind.in
BacoMind
23 (14 men & 09 women)
Placebo 21 (15 men & 06 women)
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Clinical Study in older persons
Neuropsychological testsAttention testsDigit span forward and
backward (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale; WAIS) Digit
cancellation test Serial substraction test
Memory VerbalList learning (RAVLT) Immediate and delayed recall
Passages (Weschler Memory Scale I; WMS I) Immediate and delayed
recallwww.bacomind.in
Paired associates Similar and dissimilar pairs Immediate and
delayed recall Visual retention I (based on designs) Visual
retention II (based on pictures)
Speed of Information ProcessingDigit Symbol (WAIS)Reference: The
memory tests were designed by Dept. of Psychiatry, Postgraduate
Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh,
India, modified for geriatric population. The construction and
standardization of these tests were based on Reys Auditory Verbal
Learning Test (RAVLT) (Rey, A. 1964. Clinical Examination in
Psychology. Paris, France: Presses Universitaires de France) and
Weschler Memory Scale-I
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Clinical Study in older personsEfficacy and Tolerability of
BacoMind on memory improvement in elderly participants - A
randomized, double blind placebo controlled study
Improvement in AttentionDigit span Backward4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5
1 0.5 0 0th week 12th weekPlacebo BacoMind
24th week
www.bacomind.in
(p=0.008)
The result of analysis showed a significant interaction effect
between group and time in digit span backward task Between 0 and
12th week 4.88% improvement was observed in BacoMind treated
group.
NRPL
Clinical Study in older personsEfficacy and Tolerability of
BacoMind on memory improvement in elderly participants - A
randomized, double blind placebo controlled study
Improvement in Memory verbalList learning Delayed Recall4 3.5 3
2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0th week 12th weekPlacebo BacoMind
24th week
www.bacomind.in
(p=0.014)
A significant interaction effect between group and time was
revealed in list learning delayed recall Between 0 and 12th week
36.5 % and between 0 and 24th week 78.08 % improvement was observed
in BacoMind treated group.
NRPL
Clinical Study in older personsEfficacy and Tolerability of
BacoMind on memory improvement in elderly participants - A
randomized, double blind placebo controlled study
Improvement in Memory verbalPaired associates Dissimilar Delayed
Recall4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 0th week 12th weekPlacebo
BacoMind
24th week
www.bacomind.in
(p=0.047)
A significant interaction effect between group and time was
revealed in paired associates dissimilar delayed recall test
Between 0 and 12th week 14.64 % and between 0 and 24th week 36.40 %
improvement was observed in BacoMind treated group.
NRPL
Clinical Study in older personsEfficacy and Tolerability of
BacoMind on memory improvement in elderly participants - A
randomized, double blind placebo controlled study
Improvement in Visual memoryVisual Retention I12 10 8 6 4 2 0
0th week 12th weekPlacebo BacoMind
24th week
www.bacomind.in
(p=0.035)
A significant interaction effect between group and time was
revealed in visual retention -1 test Between 0 and 12th week 21.94
% and between 0 and 24th week 11.3 % improvement was observed in
BacoMind treated group.
NRPL
Clinical study in childrenBacoMind: A Cognitive Enhancer in
Children Requiring Individual Education Programme In the clinical
trial consisting of 24 children (12 boys and 12 girls; age group
between 4-18 years) BacoMind (225 mg, once daily) or placebo was
administered for 4 months.
www.bacomind.in
BacoMind showed significant (p0.05) improvement in the working
memory, logical memory, in memory related to personal life, visual
and auditory memory in children requiring Individual Education
Programme.Usha PD et al., BacoMind: A cognitive enhancer in
children requiring individual education programme. Journal of
Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2008, 3(4): 302-310.
NRPL
Clinical study in children
Study profile28 subjects (13 boys and 15 girls) Enrolled 4
SUBJECTS DROPPED OUT 24 (12 boys and 12 girls) Completed the
study2- didnt come for pre-assessment 2- didnt follow-up
24 (12 boys and 12 girls) were analysed for
statisticswww.bacomind.in
NRPL
Clinical study in children
Neuropsychological testsInclusion criteria adopted, Wechsler
Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) to assess the intelligence
quotient of participants Memory Scale Test (The test comprises of
10 subtests)Information: Assess the awareness of the child about
self and the memory related to personal life Orientation: Assess
the childs orientation to person, place and time Mental control:
Checks childs working memory Digit span: Repeating digits forward:
subtest checks immediate memorywww.bacomind.in
Repeating digits backward: subtest checks working memory
Repeating the words: Checks the short term memory for verbal
material Repeating the sentences: Gives idea about logical memory
for verbal material Verbal retention of similar pairs: Gives idea
about auditory memory for similar pairs Verbal retention of
dissimilar pairs: Conveys about visual as well as auditory memory
for dissimilar pairs of words Visual reproduction: Conveys about
short term memory for non-verbal (graphic) material
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Recognition: Informs about short term memory for non-verbal
material
Clinical study in children% Improvement in memory test
scores
* * * * * * *
* www.bacomind.in *p 0.05
Children requiring IEP (n=24) were categorized based on the %
improvement in the total score of 10 memory subtests mentioned
above Category I (n=4; % children 16.67) No change in the %
improvement Category II (n=13; % children 54.17) Upto 20 % increase
in improvement Category III (n=5; % children 20.83) 21-50 %
increase in improvement Category IV (n=2; % children 8.33) 51-75 %
increase in improvement NRPL
Clinical Study in older AustraliansEfficacy of BacoMind in
improving memory in healthy Australians over the age of 55 years -
A 12 week randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, parallel
group clinical trial Study was conducted on 81 (45 placebo and 36
BacoMind) healthy older Australians (42 men and 39 women) over the
age of 55 years, with an average age of 65.4 years (range
55-86)
www.bacomind.in
A clinical trial was carried out to assess the effects of
12-weeks administration of BacoMind (300 mg/day) on memory
performance
The results demonstrated that BacoMind significantly improved
memory acquisition and retention in older Australians.Morgan, AK,
THE JOURNAL OF ALTERNATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE, Volume 16,
Number 7, 2010, pp. 753759
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Clinical Study in older AustraliansAssessed for eligibility
(n=136)
Study profileRandomized (n=103)
Excluded (n=33) -selection criteria not met (n=30) -declined
consent (n=1) -other reasons (n=2)
Allocated to receive BacoMind (n=51) Received intervention
(n=49) Did not receive intervention: -work commitments (n=1) -death
in family (n=1)
Allocated to receive Placebo (n=52) Received intervention (n=49)
Did not receive intervention: -work commitments (n=1) -travel (n=1)
-lost to follow up (n=1)
www.bacomind.in
Followed up at 12-week visit (n=36)
Followed up at 12-week visit (n=45)
Withdrawn after baseline (n=13): -side effects (n=9) -lost to
follow up (n=2) -concurrent illness (n=1) -accident (n=1)
Withdrawn after baseline (n=4): -side effects (n=2) -elective
surgery (n=1) -concurrent illness (n=1)
Analysed (n=36)
Analysed (n=45)
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Clinical Study in older Australians
Screening methodsThe initial screening included assessment of
cognitive function and emotional state utilizing Mini-Mental State
Examination (MMSE) (Folstein et al., 1975) & Hamilton
Depression Scale (HAM-D) (Hedlung and Vieweg, 1979). Modified
Hachinski Ischaemic scale (HIS) (Hachinski et al., 1975) was used
to screen for cognitive deficits related to ischaemia and stroke
Following instruments were used to give both objective and
subjective measurements of memory at baseline and end of trial
clinical sessions. Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT) (Rey,
1964) Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (CFT) (Rey, 1941) Trail
Making Test (TMT) (Reitan, 1958)www.bacomind.in
Memory Complaint Questionnaire (MAC-Q) (Crook et al.,
1992)References: Folstein MF, Folstein SE and McHugh PR. Mini
Mental State: a practical method for grading the cognitive state of
patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research. 1975,
12: 189198. Hedlung JL and Vieweg MS. The Hamilton rating scale for
depression. Journal of Operational Psychiatry. 1979, 10(2):
149-165. Hachinski V et al., Cerebral blood flow in dementia.
Archives of Neurology. 1975, 32: 632-637. Rey A. L'examen
psychologique dans les cas d'encephalopathie traumatique. Archives
de Psychologie. 1941, 28: 286-340. Rey A. L'examen clinique in
psychologie. Paris: Press Universitaire de France. 1964. Reitan RM.
Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indicator of organic brain
damage. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1958, 8: 271-276. Crook TH,
Feher EP and Larrabee GJ. Assessment of memory complaints in
age-associated memory impairment: the MAC-Q. International Journal
of Psychogeriatrics. 1992, 4: 165-176.
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Clinical Study in older Australians From the raw scores obtained
on the AVLT a number of measures of memory function were obtained
as follows (Lezak et al., 2004): AVLT trial a1-a5: immediate
recall
AVLT trial a6: recall post intrusion AVLT trial a7: delayed
recall (assesses long term retention) AVLT trials a1-a5, summed
scores: total learning AVLT trial a5 minus trial a6: retroactive
interference AVLT trial a1 minus trial b: proactive interference
AVLT recognition hit rate (correctly identified list A words) AVLT
recognition false positives (words incorrectly identified as list A
words) AVLT true recognition rate (recognition hit rate minus false
positives) AVLT trial a6 minus trial a7: forgetting rate
www.bacomind.in
Lezak MD, Howieson DB and Loring DW. Neuropsychological
Assessment 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. 2004.
NRPL
Clinical Study in older Australians
Results BacoMind significantly improved (p
