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8/2/2019 Bacolod - Code of Ethics 090408
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The Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers in
Their Dual Role as
Educator and Parent.
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Code of Ethics for Professional
Teachers adopted and promulgated
by the Board for Professional
Teachers through Board Resolution
No. 435, series of 1997, pursuant tothe provisions of paragraph (e),
Article II of RA No. 7836, otherwise
known as the Philippine TeachersProfessionalization Act of 1994
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VIOLATION OF CODE OF ETHICSFOR PROFESSIONAL TEACHERS
Article XII, Section 1--
Any violation x x x
shall be sufficient
ground for the x x x
revocation of x x x
license x x x
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TEACHERS AS PROFESSIONALS
Duly licensed professionals whopossess dignity and reputation withhigh moral values as well as technical
and professional competence. In thepractice of their noble profession, theystrictly adhere to observe, and practicethis set of ethical and moral principles,standard and values.
(Preamble, Code of Ethics for
Professional Teachers)
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Every teacher shall merit reasonablesocial recognition for which purpose he shall
behave with honor and dignity at all times andrefrain from such activities as gambling,smoking, drunkenness and other excesses,much less illicit relations.
(Code of Ethics, Article III, Section 3)
A teacher shall place premium upon self-respect and self-discipline as the principle ofpersonal behavior in all relationships withothers and in all situations.
(Code of Ethics, Article XI, Section 2)
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A teacher shall maintain at all times adignified personality which could serve as
model worthy of emulation by learners,peers, and others.
(Code of Ethics, Article XI, Section 3)
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Joseph Santos vs. NLRC, Hagonoy Institute, Inc.
As teacher, (one) serves as an example to
his/her pupils xxx.
Consequently xxx teachers must adhere to the
exacting standards of morality and decency. xxx
A teacher both in his official and personalconduct must display exemplary behavior.
He must freely and willingly accept
restrictions on his conduct that might be viewed
irksome xxx the personal behavior of teachers, INAND OUTSIDE THE CLASSROOM, must be
beyond reproach xxx they must observe a high
standard of integrity and honesty.
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To strictly honor contractual obligationwith the School
Art. VI, Sec. 6, Code of Ethics:
A teacher who accepts aposition assumes a contractualobligation to live up to his contract,
assuming full knowledge of theemployment terms andconditions.
TO ACT WITH HONOR:
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As an EDUCATOR
1987 Constitution states:
x x x The State shall protectand promote the right of all citizensto quality education at all levelsand shall take appropriate steps to
make such education accessible toall.
(Article XIV, Section 1)
DUTY OF TEACHERS(Based on Law)
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As a PARENT
Article 218 of the Family Code provides
The school, its administrators andteachers, x x x engaged in child care shallhave special parental authority andresponsibility over the minor child while
under their supervision, instruction orcustody.
Article 219 of the Family Code provides
Those given the authority andresponsibility under (Article 218) shallprincipally and solidarily liable fordamages caused by acts or omissions of
the unemancipated minor.
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What is QUALITY EDUCATION?
Principal Duty or Obligation is ToEnsure Quality Education
x x x making sure that basic educationis really solid, because if it is not solid, it
affects the quality of secondary education.If secondary education is poor, then theperson goes to college unprepared forcollege work. And if he is allowed to
graduate again with a poor quality collegeeducation, he goes to universityprofessional education even moreunprepared.
- Rev. Fr. Joaquin Bernas, SJ
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In short
A school, before promoting or
graduating a student, must be surethat he/she (the student) is
functionally literate to go through
next higher level.
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To ensure Quality Education:
1) Must be COMPETENT and EFFICIENT
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers,
Article IV, Section 2
Every teacher shall uphold the
highest possible standards ofquality education, shall make thebest preparation for the career ofteaching, and shall be at his best atall times in the practice of hisprofession.
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BP 232 (Education Act of 1982), Section 16 (2)
provides
The teacher shall xxx be accountable
for efficient and effective attainment ofspecified learning objectives xxx.
Code of Ethics further mandates that
Every teacher shall participate in thecontinuing professional education (CPE)program of the PRC, and shall pursue suchother studies as will improve his efficiency,
enhance the prestige of the profession, andstrengthen his competence, virtue andproductivity in order to be nationally and
internationally competitive.
(Article IV, Section 3)
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A teacher shall ensure
that conditions contributive
to the maximumdevelopment of learners are
adequate and shall extend
assistance in preventing orsolving learners problems
and difficulties.
(Article IV, Section 3)
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In short
A teacher is expected to be efficient and
competent in the performance of his academic
duties at all times. Otherwise,A teacher who has consistently shows his
inability to efficiently perform his duties and
responsibilities, within a common performancestandards should not be allowed to stay in school
xxx.
The MRPS provides as just cause ofterminating a faculty
Gross inefficiency and incompetence in the
performance of his duties xxx.
(Section 3 (a))
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Hence, the SC held in Evelyn Pea vs. NLRC
that
x x x schools can set
high standards of
efficiency for its
teachers since quality
education is a mandate
of the Constitution xxx
security of tenure xxxcannot be used to shield
incompetence.
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2) Must EVALUATE LEARNERS
(i) Duty to give grades/evaluation
Render regular reports onperformance of each student and to the
latter and to the latters parents andguardians with specific suggestions forimprovement.
Section 16(3) of BP 232, TEACHERSHALL
and...
Must promptly render or givegrades. Otherwise, the unjustified orunreasonable delay in giving gradesconstitutes gross neglect of duty.
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In the case of University of the East vs. Romeo A.
Jader, the SC declared
It is the contractual obligation of theschool (through the teachers) to TIMELYINFORM AND FURNISH sufficient notice andinformation to each and every student as to
whether he/she had already complied withall the requirements xxx.
The negligent act of a teacher who fails
to observe the rules of the school, forinstance, by not promptly submitting astudents grade is not only imputable to theteacher but is an act of the school being
his/her employer xxx.
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In evaluating/giving grades the following
rules of conduct must be observed
Code of Ethics provides
A teacher has the duty to determinethe academic marks and the promotion of
learners in the subject they handle. Suchdetermination shall be in accordance withgenerally accepted procedure ofevaluation and measurement on case of
any complaint, teachers concerned shallimmediately take appropriate action,observing the process.
(Article VIII, Section 1)
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Under no circumstances shall ateacher be prejudiced nor discriminatory
against any learner. (Article VIII, Section 3)
A teacher shall not accept favors orgifts from learners, their parents or others
in their behalf in exchange for requestedconcessions, especially if undeserved.
(Article VIII, Section 4)
A teacher shall base the evaluation ofthe learners work on merit and quality ofacademic performance.
(Article VIII, Section 6)
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(i) In computing the grades
Section 16 (5) of BP 232 mandates
that a teacher shallRefrain from making deductions or
additions in students scholastic ratings for
acts that are clearly not manifestations of xxx
scholarship.
Hence, Section 79 of the MRPS
Basis for Grading. The xxx grade or
rating xxx in a student should be basedSOLELY on his scholastic performance. Any
addition or diminution to the grade in a
subject for co-curricular activities, attendance,
or misconduct shall NOT be allowed xxx.
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Code of Ethics provides
A teacher shall not xxx make deductions
from their scholastic ratings as a punishment foracts which are clearly not manifestations of poor
scholarship.(Article VIII, Section 8)
Thus, it is not a matter of discretion on the partof the teachers in the giving of the studentsgrades, but rather it is a clear obligation for theteachers to determine student academic marks
solely based on scholastic performance. For ateacher to do otherwise, would be seriousacademic malpractice or grave misconduct inthe performance of his/her duties.
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In Padilla vs. NLRC, SBC the Supreme Court
said
This Court is convinced that thepressure and influence exerted by (a
teacher) on his colleague to change afailing grade to passing one xxxconstitute serious misconduct whichis a valid ground for dismissing anemployee.
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B. As a PARENT: Principal Duty to ExerciseParental Authority and Responsibility
Article 218, Family Code provides
The school, its administrators andteachers xxx engaged in child careshall have special parental authorityand responsibility over the minorchild while under their supervision,
instruction or custody.
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A teacher shall recognize thatthe interest and welfare of learnersare his first and foremost concern,
and shall handle each learner justlyand impartially.(Article VII, Section 2)
Code of Ethics states
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Parental Authority to Discipline
As parents, the teachers shall usediscipline not to punish but to correct,not to force, but to motivate; and not toobey with rigid cadence, but to choose
to follow the right way.Hence, teachers cannot generally
use methods of punishing or such
degree of penalties that a good motheror a good father would not likely use onher/his own children.
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Corporal Punishment - Article 233 (2nd par.)
In no case x x x inflict corporalpunishment upon the child.
Definition: An act that inflict pain or harmupon a childs body as punishment for
wrong doing usually through beating
and spanking
Elements:
(a) physical contact
(b) to inflict pain
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VIII, 8. A teacher shallnot inflict corporal
punishment onoffending learners normake deductions
from their scholasticratings as apunishment for acts
which are clearly notmanifestations ofpoor scholarship.
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Sale of Tickets; Collection of Contribution/Donations from Pupils / Parents
BP 232, Sec. 9 (9) - students have right tobe free from (voluntary) involuntarycontributions
Improper or unauthorized
solicitation of contributions fromsubordinate employees and by
teachers or school officials from
school children
VIII, 5. A teacher shall not accept,
directly or indirectly, any remuneration
from tutorials other than what is
authorized for such service.
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Anita Y. Salvarria vs. Letran College, et al.
(296 SCRA 184)
The Supreme Court declared--
Petitioner contended that her
dismissal was arbitrarily xxx, havingbeen effected without just cause, onthe premise that the solicitation offunds xxx was initiated by the
students and that her participationwas merely limited to approving thesame. xxx
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If there is one person more
knowledgeable of xxx policy againstillegal exactions from students, itwould be xxx Salavarria.
Hence, regardless of who initiatedthe collections, the fact that thesame was approved or indorsed by
petitioner, made her in effect theauthor of the project.
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xxx (Department of Education)
considers the act of teachers in xxxcontracting loans from parents of theirstudents xxx not only seriousmisconduct but xxx violation of students
right to be free from involuntarycontribution xxx.
- USEC Nachura, 13 Feb. 98
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Parental Responsibility
The student / pupil while in school,is in the custody and hence, the
responsibility of the school authorities
as long as he is under the control andinfluence of the school,
whether the semester
has not yet begunor has already ended.
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In Amadora vs. CA, the SupremeCourt said--
Even if the student is just relaxingin the campus in the company of hisclassmates, x x x the student is still
within the custody and subject to thediscipline and responsibility of theteachers x x x.
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Hence--
A teacher required to exercisespecial parental authority but whofails to observe all the diligence of
a good father of a family in thecustody and care of the pupils andstudents, shall be held liable for
gross neglect of duty.
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The Court takes this opportunity topay a sincere tribute to the school
teachers, who are always at the forefrontin the battle against illiteracy andignorance. If only because it is they whoopen the minds of their pupils to an
unexplored world awash will the magic ofletters and numbers, which is anextraordinary feat indeed, these humble
mentors deserve all our respect andappreciation. Justice Isagani A. CruzChiang Kai Shek School vs. CA
G.R. No. 58028, April 18, 1989
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Halleys CometA memorandum, as it goes
down the chain of command
in an educational institution.
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SUBJECT : Operation Halleys Comet
FROM : Chairman of the Board of Trustees
TO : The President
Tomorrow evening at approximately eight(8) p.m., Halleys Comet will be visible in thisarea, an event which occurs only once everyseventy five (75) years. Have the studentsfall out in the football field in uniforms and Iwill explain this rare phenomenon to them.
In case of rain, we will not be able to seeanything, so assemble the students in theauditorium and I will show them film of it.
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FROM : The President
TO : Vice President for Academic Affairs
By order of the Chairman of the Board,tomorrow, at eight in the evening, Halleys
Comet will appear above the football field,if it rains, fall the students out in uniforms.Then lead them to the auditorium wherethe rare phenomenon will take place,something which occurs only once everyseventy five years.
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FROM : Vice President for
Academic Affairs
TO : College Dean
By order of the Chairman of the Board,in uniform, at eight oclock in the evening
tomorrow, the phenomenal Halleys Cometwill appear in the auditorium. In case ofrain in the football field, the Chairman ofthe Board will give another order,something which occurs once everyseventy five years.aria
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FROM : Dean of College
TO : Academic Coordinators
Tomorrow at eight oclock in theevening, the Chairman of the Board will
appear in the auditorium with HalleysComet, something which happens everyseventy-five years. If it rains, theChairman of the Board will order theCOMET into the football area in uniform.
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FROM : Academic Coordinators
TO : Department Heads
When it rains tomorrow at eight in theevening, the phenomenal, seventy-five
year old Chairman Halley, accompaniedby the President will drive his Comet thruthe football field area theater in uniform.
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-END-