BACKGROUND INFORMATION Over the years, athletic training has evolved into a specialization within sports medicine. Its major concern is the health and

BACKGROUND INFORMATIONBACKGROUND INFORMATION

Over the years, athletic training has Over the years, athletic training has evolved into a specialization within evolved into a specialization within sports medicine. Its major concern sports medicine. Its major concern is the health and safety of athletes. is the health and safety of athletes.

In order to learn about the In order to learn about the prevention and care of injuries, we prevention and care of injuries, we first must learn the role of everyone first must learn the role of everyone

on the sports medicine team.on the sports medicine team.

FIRST AID AND ATHLETIC TRAINING (PETH 326)

FIRST AID AND ATHLETIC TRAINING (PETH 326)

Chapter 1The Athletic Trainer and The Sports

Medicine Team

Chapter 1The Athletic Trainer and The Sports

Medicine Team

FIRST AID: Is the immediate care or FIRST AID: Is the immediate care or treatment that is given to an injured or ill treatment that is given to an injured or ill person before professional medical aid can person before professional medical aid can be obtained.be obtained.

ATHELETIC TRAINING: An allied health ATHELETIC TRAINING: An allied health profession that is concerned with the health profession that is concerned with the health and safety for athletes and the physically and safety for athletes and the physically active. active.

Who is Physically Active?Who is Physically Active?

Athletes?

Blue Collar Workers?

Recreational Participants?

Mom’s?

Gas Station Attendants?

Insurance Sales Person?

ETC.

ATHLETIC TRAININGATHLETIC TRAINING

Athletic Trainer: a Athletic Trainer: a specialist in athletic specialist in athletic training concerned training concerned with the complete with the complete health care of the health care of the athlete.athlete.


The athletic trainer The athletic trainer provides a major link provides a major link between athletics and between athletics and the medical the medical community.community.


The athletic trainer is The athletic trainer is responsible for injury responsible for injury prevention, emergency prevention, emergency care, and rehabilitation care, and rehabilitation of sports related of sports related injuries.injuries.

History and Background of Athletic Training

History and Background of Athletic Training

Prior to NATA in 1950Prior to NATA in 1950 Greek and Roman PeriodGreek and Roman Period Intercollegiate SportsIntercollegiate Sports First NATA in 1938-44First NATA in 1938-44 WWIIWWII

NATA formed in Kansas City NATA formed in Kansas City in 1950in 1950

Growth and Development Since Growth and Development Since 19501950

SPORTS MEDICINESPORTS MEDICINE Definition:Definition: A generic term used to A generic term used to

describe a group of professions that describe a group of professions that assist in the health and assist in the health and performance of the athlete performance of the athlete

Areas of Specialization in Sports Areas of Specialization in Sports MedicineMedicine

Medical disciplinesMedical disciplines Athletic trainingAthletic training Physical therapyPhysical therapy Exercise physiologyExercise physiology BiomechanicsBiomechanics etc.etc.

Sports Medicine OrganizationsSports Medicine Organizations American College of Sports MedicineAmerican College of Sports Medicine International Federation of Sports MedInternational Federation of Sports Med American Orthopedic Society for S. M.American Orthopedic Society for S. M. National Strength & Conditioning Assoc.National Strength & Conditioning Assoc. Sports Physical Therapy Section of APTASports Physical Therapy Section of APTA NCAA Comm. On Competitive Safeguards and NCAA Comm. On Competitive Safeguards and

Medical Aspects of SportsMedical Aspects of Sports NATANATA

THE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAMTHE SPORTS MEDICINE TEAM

Athletic Trainer: most directly responsible for Athletic Trainer: most directly responsible for all phases of health care in an athletic all phases of health care in an athletic environment.environment.

Team Physician: directs the medical care of the Team Physician: directs the medical care of the athlete and the care given by the athletic trainer.athlete and the care given by the athletic trainer.

Orthopedic Physician: directs care of the Orthopedic Physician: directs care of the musculoskeletal injuries.musculoskeletal injuries.

Other PhysiciansOther Physicians


CoachesCoaches BiomechanistsBiomechanists Exercise PhysiologistsExercise Physiologists Administrators Administrators

(Athletic Director)(Athletic Director) EMT’s & ParamedicsEMT’s & Paramedics School NurseSchool Nurse Physical TherapistPhysical Therapist


NutritionistNutritionist PsychologistPsychologist ChiropractorChiropractor Others ……Others …… All are responsible to work All are responsible to work

together to provide proper together to provide proper health care and a safe health care and a safe environment for the athlete.environment for the athlete.

Responsibilities of the Team Physician

Responsibilities of the Team Physician

First, to serve as an advisor and director to the First, to serve as an advisor and director to the athletic trainer or coach.athletic trainer or coach.

Physical exams and medical historiesPhysical exams and medical histories Diagnosing injuries and determining the health Diagnosing injuries and determining the health

status of the athletestatus of the athlete Deciding on return to playDeciding on return to play Attend practices and gamesAttend practices and games Committed to sports and the athleteCommitted to sports and the athlete

Responsibilities of the CoachResponsibilities of the Coach

In the absence of an athletic trainer and team In the absence of an athletic trainer and team physician, the coach must assume the direct physician, the coach must assume the direct responsibility for the health of the athlete.responsibility for the health of the athlete.

Responsibilities of the CoachResponsibilities of the Coach

““Coaches must demonstrate a high profile Coaches must demonstrate a high profile for safety, and show that they really care”.for safety, and show that they really care”.

Respect the skills and insight of the athletic Respect the skills and insight of the athletic trainer and physician, who must have the trainer and physician, who must have the last word concerning injuries.last word concerning injuries.

Know legal responsibilities for injuriesKnow legal responsibilities for injuries

Roles and Responsibilities of the Athletic Trainer


Performance DomainsPerformance Domains Prevention of athletic injuriesPrevention of athletic injuries Evaluation and assessment of injuriesEvaluation and assessment of injuries Immediate care of injuriesImmediate care of injuries Treatment, rehabilitation and reconditioning of Treatment, rehabilitation and reconditioning of

injuriesinjuries Health care administrationHealth care administration Professional DevelopmentProfessional Development



Education Council Competency DomainsEducation Council Competency Domains Acute careAcute care Assessment and evaluationAssessment and evaluation General medical conditions & disabilitiesGeneral medical conditions & disabilities Health care administrationHealth care administration Nutritional aspects of injury/illnessNutritional aspects of injury/illness Pathology of injury/illnessPathology of injury/illness



Education Council Competency DomainsEducation Council Competency Domains Pharmacological aspects of injury/illnessPharmacological aspects of injury/illness Professional developmentProfessional development Psychological intervention and referralPsychological intervention and referral Risk management and injury preventionRisk management and injury prevention Therapeutic exerciseTherapeutic exercise Therapeutic modalitiesTherapeutic modalities

Athletic Trainer Roles and Responsibilities of the


Injury Prevention and Risk Injury Prevention and Risk ManagementManagement Ensuring appropriate training & Ensuring appropriate training &

conditioningconditioning Monitoring environmental Monitoring environmental

conditionsconditions Managing protective equipmentManaging protective equipment Counseling about proper nutritionCounseling about proper nutrition Appropriate medication education Appropriate medication education

& use& use



Recognition, Evaluation, and Assessment of Recognition, Evaluation, and Assessment of Athletic InjuriesAthletic Injuries Conducting Physical ExaminationsConducting Physical Examinations Understanding the pathology of injury/illnessUnderstanding the pathology of injury/illness Utilizing Evaluation ProceduresUtilizing Evaluation Procedures Referring to medical specialistsReferring to medical specialists



Immediate Care of Injury and Immediate Care of Injury and IllnessIllness Initial assessmentInitial assessment Administering appropriate first Administering appropriate first

aidaid Providing emergency careProviding emergency care



Treatment, Rehabilitation & Treatment, Rehabilitation & ReconditioningReconditioning Designing rehabilitation Designing rehabilitation

programsprograms Therapeutic exerciseTherapeutic exercise Rehabilitative equipmentRehabilitative equipment Manual therapyManual therapy

Supervising rehabilitation Supervising rehabilitation programsprograms

Incorporating therapeutic Incorporating therapeutic modalitiesmodalities

Education and counseling of Education and counseling of injuries injuries



Organization and AdministrationOrganization and Administration Record keepingRecord keeping Ordering equipment and suppliesOrdering equipment and supplies Supervising personnelSupervising personnel Establishing policies of operationEstablishing policies of operation Maintaining athlete dataMaintaining athlete data Organizing insurance issuesOrganizing insurance issues



Professional Development and Professional Development and ResponsibilitiesResponsibilities Being a lifelong learner of the Being a lifelong learner of the

fieldfield Maintaining CEU’s for Maintaining CEU’s for

certificationcertification Educate the public Educate the public Involvement in professional Involvement in professional

organizationsorganizations

Employment Settings for the Athletic TrainerEmployment Settings for the Athletic Trainer

Public and Private High Public and Private High SchoolsSchools

Colleges and UniversitiesColleges and Universities Professional TeamsProfessional Teams Sports Medicine ClinicsSports Medicine Clinics Industrial SettingsIndustrial Settings HospitalsHospitals Health and Fitness CentersHealth and Fitness Centers Other Future Directions???Other Future Directions???

Chapter 2Health Care Administration

Chapter 2Health Care Administration

Establishing a System For Athletic Training Health Care


Develop a planDevelop a plan A planning process with those involvedA planning process with those involved A mission statement must be decidedA mission statement must be decided

Develop a policies and procedures manualDevelop a policies and procedures manual Design an athletic training facilityDesign an athletic training facility

SizeSize LocationLocation Storage facilitiesStorage facilities officesoffices



Design an athletic training roomDesign an athletic training room Special services sectionSpecial services section

Treatment areaTreatment area Electrotherapy areaElectrotherapy area Hydrotherapy areaHydrotherapy area Rehabilitation areaRehabilitation area Taping areaTaping area Examination areaExamination area Records areaRecords area



Other concerns (PP Manual)Other concerns (PP Manual) Who do you serve?Who do you serve? Facility and personnel coverage?Facility and personnel coverage? Insurance?Insurance? Emergency telephone?Emergency telephone? Budgetary concerns?Budgetary concerns? Security and safety issues?Security and safety issues? Emergency management?Emergency management? Access to other health care providers?Access to other health care providers?



Other Concerns (PP Manual)Other Concerns (PP Manual) Record keepingRecord keeping

Medical recordsMedical records Injury reportsInjury reports Treatment logsTreatment logs Personal informationPersonal information Injury evaluationInjury evaluation Etc.Etc.



Other Concerns (PP Manual)Other Concerns (PP Manual) Preparticipation examsPreparticipation exams

Physician examPhysician exam Station examStation exam Medical historyMedical history Maturity assessmentMaturity assessment Orthopedic screeningOrthopedic screening

Medical recordsMedical records

Pre-season Physical ExamsPre-season Physical Exams

HistoryHistory OrthopedicsOrthopedics Vital signsVital signs VisionVision ENTENT SkinSkin CardiovascularCardiovascular

UrinalysisUrinalysis Drug Testing?Drug Testing?

Blood testsBlood tests Cardio-RespiratoryCardio-Respiratory NeurologicalNeurological Lymphatic / Abdomen Lymphatic / Abdomen

and Reproductiveand Reproductive

Sport DisqualificationSport Disqualification

Certain injuries or conditions may warrant Certain injuries or conditions may warrant concerns relative to continued participation. concerns relative to continued participation. However, the athletic trainer, coach, or However, the athletic trainer, coach, or even the physician can only recommend. even the physician can only recommend. The ADA of 1990 clearly states that the The ADA of 1990 clearly states that the individual athlete and/or parents is the only individual athlete and/or parents is the only person who can make the final decision.person who can make the final decision.

Collecting Injury DataCollecting Injury Data The Incidence of InjuriesThe Incidence of Injuries

Accident: an unplanned event resulting in loss of Accident: an unplanned event resulting in loss of time, property damage, injury, disablement, or even time, property damage, injury, disablement, or even death.death.

Injury: damage to the body that restricts activity or Injury: damage to the body that restricts activity or causes disability.causes disability. Risk of injury is determined by the type of sport and the Risk of injury is determined by the type of sport and the

amount and level of participation.amount and level of participation. The type of injury can also be expected by the sport and The type of injury can also be expected by the sport and

level of participationlevel of participation

Collecting Injury DataCollecting Injury Data

Incidence of InjuriesIncidence of Injuries Sports ClassificationsSports Classifications

CollisionCollision ContactContact Non-contactNon-contact

Injury classificationsInjury classifications FatalitiesFatalities Catastrophic injuriesCatastrophic injuries Musculoskeletal injuries (contusions, strains, etc.)Musculoskeletal injuries (contusions, strains, etc.) Acute vs ChronicAcute vs Chronic

Incidence: knee Incidence: knee ankle ankle upper extremity upper extremity

Collecting Injury DataCollecting Injury Data

National Injury Data Collecting National Injury Data Collecting SystemsSystems

National Safety CouncilNational Safety Council American Football Coaches AssociationAmerican Football Coaches Association NCAA Nat. Survey of Catastrophic InjuryNCAA Nat. Survey of Catastrophic Injury NATANATA OthersOthers

Using Injury DataUsing Injury Data Modify rulesModify rules Education of risksEducation of risks Evaluate protective equipmentEvaluate protective equipment

Professional Preparation of the Athletic Trainer

Professional Preparation of the Athletic Trainer

Professional Educational ProgramsProfessional Educational Programs Approved Curriculums: NATA/CAAHEPApproved Curriculums: NATA/CAAHEP Internship programs (not after 2004)Internship programs (not after 2004)

Certification Req. NATABOC ExamCertification Req. NATABOC Exam Continuing Education Requirements (CEU)Continuing Education Requirements (CEU) State Regulations (Licensure)State Regulations (Licensure) Future Directions for Athletic TrainingFuture Directions for Athletic Training

Legal Concerns and Insurance Issues

Chapter 3

Legal Concerns and Insurance Issues

Chapter 3

Legal ConcernsLegal Concerns

Liability: being legally responsible for the Liability: being legally responsible for the harm one causes another person.harm one causes another person.

Negligence: the failure to use Negligence: the failure to use ordinaryordinary and and reasonablereasonable care. care.

Torts: are legal wrongs committed against Torts: are legal wrongs committed against the person or property of anotherthe person or property of another OmissionOmission CommissionCommission

Legal ConcernsLegal Concerns

Statutes of Limitation: sets a specific length of Statutes of Limitation: sets a specific length of time that individuals may sue for damages from time that individuals may sue for damages from negligence (1-3 years).negligence (1-3 years).

Assumption of Risk: assuming the risk of Assumption of Risk: assuming the risk of participating in an activity while knowing the participating in an activity while knowing the dangers of the activity.dangers of the activity.

Reducing the Risk of LitigationReducing the Risk of Litigation

Warn athletes of the potential dangers of the sportWarn athletes of the potential dangers of the sport Supervise regularlySupervise regularly Properly prepare and condition athletesProperly prepare and condition athletes Properly instruct athletes in the skills of the sportProperly instruct athletes in the skills of the sport Use proper and safe equipment and facilitiesUse proper and safe equipment and facilities Establish good personal relationships with the athletesEstablish good personal relationships with the athletes Develop and follow an emergency planDevelop and follow an emergency plan Be aware of the athletes health status and medical Be aware of the athletes health status and medical

historyhistory


Keep good records of injuries and Keep good records of injuries and rehabilitationrehabilitation

Document efforts to create a safe playing Document efforts to create a safe playing environmentenvironment

Obtain written consent to provide health Obtain written consent to provide health carecare

Maintain confidentiality of medical recordsMaintain confidentiality of medical records


Use only the therapeutic methods and Use only the therapeutic methods and medicine that you are qualified to give.medicine that you are qualified to give.

Work cooperatively with the coach and Work cooperatively with the coach and team physician when selecting equipment.team physician when selecting equipment.

Do not permit injured players to participateDo not permit injured players to participate Purchase professional liability insurancePurchase professional liability insurance Use common sense when making decisionsUse common sense when making decisions

InsuranceInsurance

Managed careManaged care Primary health insurancePrimary health insurance

Standard policyStandard policy PPOPPO HMOHMO

Secondary health insuranceSecondary health insurance Accident insuranceAccident insurance Professional liability insuranceProfessional liability insurance Catastrophic insuranceCatastrophic insurance

Third-Party Reimbursement for Athletic Trainers

Third-Party Reimbursement for Athletic Trainers

This is a new developmentThis is a new development It is very time consumingIt is very time consuming The A.T.C. must file insurance claims The A.T.C. must file insurance claims

immediately and correctlyimmediately and correctly The A.T.C. must use Current Procedural The A.T.C. must use Current Procedural

Terminology (CPT) codes published by the Terminology (CPT) codes published by the AMAAMA

Third-Party Reimbursement Research at Third-Party Reimbursement Research at IWUIWU

Documents

BACKGROUND INFORMATION Over the years, athletic training has evolved into a specialization within sports medicine. Its major concern is the health and