ISGT Conference December 2011

Tony Booth, Key Account Manager

About Axeon

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About Axeon

Axeon designs and manufactures advanced

lithium-ion battery systems for a variety of end

market applications:

Automotive (electric and hybrid vehicles)

Energy storage

Cordless power tools

Mobile products

E-bikes

Europe’s largest privately-owned independent

lithium-ion battery systems supplier,

processing over 70 million cells a year

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UK, Dundee – HQ, Engineering, automotive production (70 staff)

UK, Coventry – Sales and engineering office

Poland – volume production, planned automotive production (380 staff)

Asia - Strategic purchasing

US, Detroit – Sales Office

Global footprint

150 professional and 300 production staff

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Axeon’s automotive experience

Over a million vehicle miles

driven since 2007 = 20MWh

of batteries shipped

Volume production; conversion of Peugeot vehicles for the leading British vehicle converter. Range includes cars, people carriers and vans

HEV sports car: developing leading-edge technology for premium European manufacturer

Designing and developing Hybrid packs for JLR

The world’s most powerful passenger car battery for the 102EX Rolls-Royce Phantom Experimental Electric

Prototype fully electric Land Rover Defender

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Energy Storage

Axeon can meet the requirements of Energy

Storage applications in diverse markets:

Micro-generation (10-15KWh for use in home

solar energy storage and batteries for off-grid

lighting solutions)

Community energy storage (25-100KWh)

Utility level (MW e.g. large wind farms or large-

scale PVs, for standby storage or load

levelling)

Niche solutions (e.g. hybrid ferries)

Future cell chemistries

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Industry Trends

Industry challenge is dominated by increased energy density (range)

*

* Peter Lamp, BMW, AABC 2010

Bat

tery

Pac

k Po

wer

Den

sity

/ W

kg-1

HEV (Hybrid EV) e.g. Toyota

Prius. Internal combustion

engine (ICE) combined with a

small battery which captures

energy during braking and

reuses to boost acceleration.

Short range in pure EV mode.

EV (Electric Vehicle) e.g.

Nissan Leaf. Pure electric

vehicle with no ICE. Battery is

the only source of power and

is larger to deliver range.

PHEV (Plug in Hybrid EV)

e.g. Chevrolet Volt. Vehicle

still has ICE but with a battery

which can be charged

externally and hence support

longer EV range.

Note:- REEV (Range

Extended EV). Battery is

primary source of power but

vehicle has small ICE as a

back up generator for longer

range journeys.

Industry challenge is greater for increased Energy Density (Range) than Increased Power Density (Performance)

Range =

Pow

er

=

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Dynamite = 1375 Wh/kg

Wood = 4000 Wh/kg

Petrol = 12000 Wh/kg – highly energy inefficient

Now 2013 2014

2015

2015+ ?

2020+ ?

Energy density challenge is dominated by electrochemistry evolution

which is the domain of cell developers e.g. A123, Dow Kokam etc

Range =

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Different applications require

different chemistries

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EVs, REEVs, & PHEVs

Electric Vehicles:

All electric, battery power/electric motor, 70 – 130 mile range

Energy density important, 15-50kWh typical

Range Extender:

Battery/electric motor drive only.

Battery recovers some of the braking energy

30-50 mile range on battery , internal combustion engine used as generator to recharge battery

Both energy and power density important, 15-30kWh typical

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles:

Battery/electric motor drive, with internal combustion engine to drive vehicle and charge battery

30-40 mile range on battery, then internal combustion engine used to drive vehicle.

Both energy and power density important, 10-20kWh typical

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Potential global market

Battery value ($ Billions)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

HEV

PHEV

EV

Battery Charging

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Battery Charging

In theory you can charge a battery in 10 minutes, BUT:

Fast charging not always practical. Charging a 50kWh battery in 10 minutes

would require a 300 kW power supply. However 50kW DC chargers are

beginning to roll out

Most EVs are used in city areas so 160 km range is more than adequate

Lithium batteries can be charged at anytime, they do not suffer memory effect

So, if opportunist charging is available then perhaps smaller capacity, lighter and

less expensive batteries are the answer for urban environments

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Charging Modes

Mode 1

Standard domestic socket with extension lead typically 3kW

Mode 2

Standard domestic socket, protection device in cable, single or three phase

Mode 3

Dedicated socket and circuit, 2 way communication

Mode 4

Dedicated circuit, off-board charger, DC connection for fast charging

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Fast Charging

50kW DC fast charger

Could fully recharge small City EV in 30 minutes

Or provide short boosts

Located at service stations and supermarkets

Battery capacity could be reduced, less cost, weight and size

HV components and bus-bars have to be rated accordingly

Cells may have to be actively cooled during charge

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Inductive Charging

System could be buried in the road surface

Located at major junctions where traffic stops

Can be used for taxis and buses as well as private EV’s

Location at supermarkets and car parks

Battery capacity could be reduced so less cost, weight and size

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Tim

e (

Min

s)

10

30

50

70

90

110

130

150

170

190

% Fuel Gauge No Charge

% Fuel Gauge Inductive Charge

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Battery Swap

Only Renault and Betterplace pushing this format

Still requires infrastructure

Still too many custom battery formats for this to work for all EV’s

Summary

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Summary

Improvements in cell chemistry will make batteries, smaller, lighter

and cheaper giving improved range and performance

Charging methods can have a big impact on the size of batteries

Increased energy density will allow longer ranges, requiring faster

chargers to benefit from higher capacities

Whilst market will increase greatly, more use or PHEV’s and

REEV’s will utilise smaller batteries than EV’s, reduced charging

requirement

Advance technology will revolutionise EV’s, REEV’s and PHEV’s

of the future

Thank You

Axeon

Nobel Court Tel: +44 (0)1382 400040

Wester Gourdie Fax: +44 (0)1382 400044

Dundee DD2 4UH

Scotland, UK www.axeon.com