Authoritarian Regimes Japan

8/16/2019 Authoritarian Regimes Japan

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Authoritarian Regimes

Case Study: Fascist Japan

Chapter 5


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Chapter Objectives

• The beginnings of Fascism and hoit became popu!ar

• Factors contributing to the fai!ure ofthe democratic government in Japan

• Reasons for the rise of Fascism inJapan


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"ssentia!!y#The Chapter is about#

WHAT LED TO THE RISEOF FASCISM IN

JAPAN

Failure of the Democratic Go er!me!t

•Wea"!e## of the Ja$a!e#e Parliame!t•Corru$t Politicia!#•Lac"e% Su$$ort of Wor"er# a!% Pea#a!t#

Im$act of Eco!omic

Pro&lem#•Pro&lem# at the e!% of

Worl% War I•'()( Great De$re##io!

Fear of Chi!e#e Natio!ali#m•A!ti*Ja$a!e#e Prote#t#

+!ha$$i!e## ,ith Ja$a!e#eLea%er# ,ho ,a!te% Frie!%l-

Tie# ,ith the former

Allie% Po,er#

+!ha$$i!e## ,ith Former Allie%Po,er#'('( .er#aille# Treat-'()'*)) Wa#hi!/to! Na al Co!fere!ceMi%*'()0# Immi/ratio! I##ue#


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Chapter Assignment

$ue in %ee& 'a( To hat e)tent did a ea& Japanese

par!iament contribute to the fai!ure of the

democratic government in Japan*")p!ain your ans er+ ,-.m(b( /0nhappiness ith the former A!!ied

1o ers as the most important reasonthat !ed to the rise of fascism in Japan+23o far do you agree ith thisstatement* ")p!ain your ans er+ ,-4m(


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Activity -

• %hat is Fascism* • n groups of '6 come

up ith a mind7mapon hat Fascism isabout

• 8ou may use yourte)tboo& as a guide

• 8ou have -9 minutes


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%hat is Fascism*

C o m e # f r o m t h e I t a

l i a ! , o r % 1 F

a # c i o 2

F o u ! % e % & -

3 e ! i t o M u # # o l i ! i

i ! ' ( ' (

F a # c i # m & e l i

e e % i ! 1 N a t

i o ! F i r # t 2 a !

% t h a t D e m o c r a c -

, a # , e a "

a # $ o , e r ,

a # i ! t h e h a !

% # o f t h e $ e o

$ l e4

F a # c i # m & e l i e e % i

! h a i ! / # t r

o ! / l e a % e r # h

i $ P o $ u l

a r , i t h t h e $ e o $ l e

a # t h e - & e l i e

e % t h a t D e m

o c r a c -

, a # i ! e f f e c t i

e a ! % i ! e f f i c i e

! t a ! % t h a t i t

# l e a % e r # , e

r e

, e a "

FASCISM

F o u ! % e % a t a

t i m e , h e ! I t a

l - , a # h a i ! / # o c i a l

% i # o r % e r

a ! % e c o

! o m i c $ r o & l

e m #

F a # c i # t # a l # o

& e l i e e % t h a t t h

e ! a t i o ! # h o u

l % / r o ,

# t r o ! / a ! % e

5 $ a ! % h e ! c e

t h e - , e r e $ o $ u l a r

, i t h

- o u ! / m e ! a

! % W W I e t e r

a ! #

Fa#ci#m al#o &rou/htA&out a #e!#e of &elo!/i!/

Fa#ci#m ,a# #$rea%throu/hout the ,orl%a!% i! Ja$a!6 the i%ea

,a# #tro!/l-i!flue!ce% &- theMilitar-


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• %hy did Fascism seem so attractive* • The Japanese democratic !eaders ere ea&6

corrupt and inefficient • As a resu!t6 they ere unab!e to so!ve the

economic prob!ems that p!agued the peop!e ofJapan

• Since Fascism va!ued the nation and or&edto ards its progress through strong!eadership6 the idea appea!ed to manyJapanese

%hat !ed to the Fai!ure of the

$emocratic overnment in Japan*


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* • The Factors:-+ The ;imited 1o er of the $iet

.+ The $amage of $emocracy


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* -+ The ;imited 1o er of the $iet • A!though there as a par!iament ,$iet(6

po er remained ith the "mperor andthe enro ,retired statesmen ho servedthe "mperor(

• >o po er to ma&e decisions or po!icies• Cou!d not contro! the ministers as they

ere under the contro! of the "mperor


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* .+ The $amage of $emocracy


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* .+ The $amage of $emocracy


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* 4+ Fai!ure to So!ve "conomic

1rob!ems

• Farmers< "conomic 1rob!ems• ;ac& of !and hich !ed to a !ac& of profits

as the p!ots ere too sma!! to gro morerice

• ;and!ords rented !and at very high priceshich made !ife difficu!t for the farmers• Tenant unions used vio!ence and tenant7

!and!ord vio!ence as very common


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* 4+ Fai!ure to So!ve "conomic 1rob!ems

• %or&ers< "conomic 1rob!ems• 1oor !iving and or&ing conditions

• Cro ded and unhygienic uarters• %or&ed !ong hours• ;oc&ed in or&ing compounds

• Cou!d on!y !eave their or&ing compounds a fetimes each month

• Fed up6 most or&ers joined Communist7 sponsored unions


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• Trade mba!ance

• $espite its interna! prob!ems6 Japan prospered from g!oba! trade

• Japan e)ported si!& te)ti!es6 china ,p!ates6cups6 etc( and porce!ain

• 3o ever6 there as a trade imba!ancebecause Japan had to import many ramateria!s and food from abroad to feed itsgro ing popu!ation


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• The reat $epression of -=.=

• ;ed to a decrease in Japan e)ports due to protectionism po!icies ,increase in ta)es onforeign goods to protect home7made

products in difficu!t economic times(

• Japan as bad!y affected because thedemand for Japanese si!& fe!! drastica!!y • This !ed to economic depression


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* Hi/h Ta5e# o! Ja$a!e#e Sil"

Hi/h $rice# ofJa$a!e#e #il"

Peo$le i! other cou!trie#coul% !ot affor% to &u-Ja$a!e#e #il"

More $eo$le &ou/ht#il" or other t-$e ofcloth# $ro%uce% &-their homecou!trie# thu#

re%uci!/ the%ema!% forJa$a!e#e #il"

Effect ofProtectio!i#m

o!Ja$a!


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* 708Fall i!

Sil" Price#

Im$act of %ecrea#e i!

#il" Price

Businessmen who

Owned silk factoriesWent bankrupt

Lower prices led tofewer goods being

produced

Fewer workers wereneeded in factories and

more Japanese became unemployed

The Japanese hadless money to

buy other goods

Other businesseswere affected


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"ffects of the reat $epressionon Japan

ASH! Lo## of Pa$er Profit#

Le## Mo!e- i! Circulatio!

Le## Dema!%

Le## Em$lo-me!t

Le## Em$lo-me!tLo,er Price#

Le## Pro%uctio!

Le## 3a!" Cre%it

Le## 3uil%i!/ of Factorie# a!% Home#Le## Dema!%

DEPRESSION


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* 4+ Fai!ure to So!ve "conomic

1rob!ems• The reat $epression of -=.=

• The farmers ere very bad!y hit becausethey produced si!& to earn more income

• %orse sti!!6 they ere hit by a drought in-=4. and made even !ess money

• $esperate they even resorted to se!!ingtheir daughters to ma&e ends meet


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• The reat $epression of -=.=

• %hen the economy fai!ed to improve6 they joined the army or patriotic societies

• The peasants fe!t that democracy asn


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$emocratic overnment in Japan* a( To hat e)tent did a ea& Japanese par!iament contribute to

the fai!ure of the democratic government in Japan* ")p!ainyour ans er+ ,-.m(

• Step -: ")p!ain ho the ea& Japanese par!iamentcontributed to the fai!ure of the democratic government inJapan ,Remember to " 1;A > 3O% T 3A11">"$ and >OT%3AT T S#(

• Step .: ")p!ain . OT3"R FACTORS n this case6 $amage to$emocracy


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%hat !ed to the Rise of

Fascism in Japan* ")terna! Reasons• American e)pansion in the

Asia71acific regionthreatened Japanese p!ans

to contro! the area• 1aris 1eace Conference-=-=

• %ashington >ava!Conference -=.-7..

• ;ondon $isarmament

Conference -=49 • mmigration ;a s in the0SA in the mid -=49s

• Resurgence of Chinese>ationa!ism

nterna! Reasons• The Sho a Restoration• 1atriotic Societies• Bi!itary


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Fascism in Japan* ")terna! Reasons• American e)pansion in the Asia71acific region

threatened Japanese p!ans to contro! the area•

Since the opening of trade ith Japan by the AmericanCommodore6 Batthe 1erry6 American businessmen ereinterested in doing business in the Asia71acific

• The 0S too& contro! of many 1acific is!ands to obtain uano,bat shit(

• Other is!ands ere used as bases for American tradingships

• @y the -=49s6 more of the 1acific region came under American contro! inc!uding 3a aii and the 1hi!ippines

• Japanese mi!itarists be!ieved that Japanese and Americaneconomic and mi!itary interests ou!d come into conf!ictover ho ou!d contro! the Asia71acific


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Fascism in Japan* ")terna! Reasons• 1aris 1eace Conference -=-=

• As Japan had fought ith the A!!ied1o ers in %% 6 they re uested that the;eague of >ations forma!!y recognisethat a!! races ere e ua!

• As the ;eague of >ations refused6 theJapanese6 particu!ar!y the Japanese Army6 ere unhappy


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Fascism in Japan* ")terna! Reasons• %ashington >ava! Conference -=.-7

-=.. • The %>C aimed to reduce the nava!forces of the or!d


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Fascism in Japan* ")terna! Reasons• ;ondon $isarmament Conference -=49

• Bany Japanese ere unhappy hen 1B 3amaguchi

Osachi anted to ensure further nava! arms reductionith @ritain and the 0SA here he agreed6 at the ;$C tofurther !imit Japan


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%h ! d h Ri f


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%hat !ed to the Rise ofFascism in Japan*

")terna! Reasons• mmigration ;a s in the 0SA in the mid -=49s

• n -=.'6 the 0SA restricted Asian immigrationas part of its iso!ationist and protectionist

po!icies• A!! Asian immigration ,e)cept for Fi!ipinos( as

banned • Asian immigrants cou!d not become 0S

citiDens even if they had been !iving there for a!ong time

• Asians cou!d not marry Caucasians and erenot a!!o ed to o n !and

%h ! d h Ri f


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")terna! Reasons• mmigration ;a s in the 0SA in the mid -=49s

• There as a!so Asian Segregation ,Ca!ifornia A!ien ;a -=4-(

• These ne immigration !a s angered theJapanese ho sa these po!icies as a signthat the Americans thought the Japanese ereinferior

• These !a s combined ith the effects of the

reat $epression caused many Japanese toturn a ay from $emocracy and supportJapanese e)pansion overseas


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%h ! d h Ri f


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")terna! Reasons• Resurgence of Chinese >ationa!ism• Since -E='6 Japan had ta&en advantage of

China


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%h t ! d t th Ri f


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")terna! Reasons• Resurgence of Chinese >ationa!ism

• %hen the BT succeeded in unitingChina6 the Chinese demanded an endto the specia! concessions to%esterners and Japanese in Chinaand Banchuria

• Stri&es and boycotts hurt Japaneseeconomic interests in China andBanchuria

%h t ! d t th Ri f


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")terna! Reasons• Resurgence of Chinese >ationa!ism• Japanese antung Army Officers in

Banchuria rea!ised that a strong andunited China cou!d prevent furtherJapanese e)pansion in the country

• They urged Japan to occupy Banchuriaand >orth China before anti7Japanesefee!ings became too strong

• The Japanese mi!itary


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%h t ! d t th Ri f


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nterna! Reasons• The Sho a Restoration• From the -E=9s the Japanese education system

emphasised:• >ationa!ism• ;oya!ty to the "mperor • Se!f7Sacrifice• Obedience

• Japan


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nterna! Reasons• The Sho a Restoration

• The s!ogan /Sonno Joi2 ,Restore the"mperor and ")pe! the @arbarianG(

• The SR produced youths ho ereb!ind!y !oya! to the "mperor and thenation

• These youths a!so be!ieved in mi!itarismand an aggressive mi!itary po!icy


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nterna! Reasons• 1atriotic Societies• Since the -=.9s6 many patriotic societies ith

!in&s to the mi!itary ere set up in Japan ,@!ac&$ragon Society6 Cherry @!ossom Society(

• They ere e)treme!y nationa!istic and be!ievedin Japan


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nterna! Reasons• Army and >avyavy had a great inf!uence over

po!itica! decisions and acted independent!y fromthe government

• They anted to copy the %est and ac uire moreco!onies in China and Banchuria

• Bi!itary success made the Army and >avy popu!ar,e+g+ Russo7Japanese %ar( and he!ped them gaineven more inf!uence over the government+

• ;eaders ho did not support the mi!itary


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Japanese Bi!itary ains

'(09 Treat- of Port#mouth• Gai!e% the ri/ht to &uil% arail,a- i! Ma!churia ,hich ,a#rich i! oil a!% coal• Too" o er Port Arthur6 theLiao%u!/ Pe!i!#ula a!% the

#outher! Sa"hali! I#la!% fromRu##ia

'7(:*'7(9 Si!o*Ja$a!e#e War

• Ja$a! %efeate% Chi!a• It too" o er Tai,a! a!% %ema!%e% thatChi!a /i e u$ co!trol o er the Liao%u!/Pe!i!#ula i! Ma!churia•Thi# #tarte% the Ja$a!e#e $re#e!ce i!Ma!churia

'(0:*'(09 Ru##o*Ja$a!e#e War

• Ja$a! %efeate% Ru##ia• Fir#t A#ia! $o,er to %efeat a ma;orEuro$ea! $o,er • Si/!e% the Treat- of Port#mouth i!'(09

'(09*'('0• Ja$a! Ja$a! I##ue# the )' Dema!%# toChi!a• Wea" Chi!e#e /o er!me!t i# force% toacce$t Ja$a!e#e a% i#or#

• Ja$a! i# a&le to "ee$ Sha!tu!/



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nterna! Reasons• Bi!itary Ta&e7over of Japan• n -=496 the mi!itary brought do n the 3amaguchi

government by shooting the 1B • n Bay -=4.6 the ne 1B6 nu&ai6 as &i!!ed for

criticising the actions of the Japanese Army inBanchuria• Succeeding 1Bs fe!t pressurised to support the

antung Army in Banchuria or ere a!readystrong supporters of the mi!itary

• After -=4.6 after the Banchurian ncident6 theJapanese government began to fo!!o the aims ofthe Army


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Fascism in Japan* ")terna! Reasons• American e)pansion in the

Asia71acific regionthreatened Japanese p!ansto contro! the area

• 1aris 1eace Conference-=-=

• %ashington >ava!Conference -=.-7..

• ;ondon $isarmament

Conference -=49 • mmigration ;a s in the0SA in the mid -=49s

• Resurgence of Chinese>ationa!ism

nterna! Reasons• The Sho a Restoration• 1atriotic Societies• Bi!itary


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Authoritarian Regimes Japan