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ATR 220: Cultural Anthropology

Marc Healy

Chapter 10: Globalization and the Culture of Capitalism

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10.1 The Cultural Legacy of Colonialism• Colonialism and Neocolonialism (economic)

• Western Europe was historically marginal to most of the ancient empires

• Western Europe was historically marginal to most of the ancient empires

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• European colonial domination created the conditions for an integrated global economy

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1898

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1920

1936

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Year of Independence before 1815between 1815 and 1945between 1945 and1990after 1990

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• Colonialism established an international division of labor

• Forced social and cultural change on the economic, political and social lives of colonized people

• European colonies were not usually settlements

• Role of military might (and repression) rather than numbers

• God, gold and glory

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• Corvee labor

• Monetarization

– turning subsistence labor into wage‐labor

– Creating markets for European goods (salt)

• Cultural imperialism

• Westernization

• Internal colonialism

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10.2 Analyzing Sociocultural Change in the Postcolonial World

• Assimilation to achieve second‐class status

• Subaltern groups

• used Nationalism to fuel independence movements

• Postcolonial rule brought hopes for economic development and Modernization Theory• Capitalism is the end result of a unilinear process, not a 

cultural system with its own logic and a distinctive historical context.

• Capitalism is the cure for poverty

• Revolutionary Movements

– Eric Wolf

• Russia (1917)

• Mexico

• China

• Vietnam

• Algeria

• Cuba

• (Nicaragua)

• Socialism is the cure for poverty

• Proletarianization (alienation and 

relations of production)

• Class formation (vs. consciousness)

• neocolonialism vs economic independence

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• Dependency Theory • Poverty is a consequence of capitalism

• Neoliberalism (individualism)• Vs. self‐sufficiency

• World Bank and IMF

• World System Theory (Funcionalist) • empires‐ political: capitalism‐ economic

‐ Immanual Wallerstein• Core  (vs “developed”; role vs position)

• Periphery (underdeveloped)

• Semiperiphery (developing) (BRICS; BRIM)

• Deterritorialization/Reterritorialization• transportation and communication are breaking 

down the role vs. territory distinction

• Diaspora further blurs the boundaries 

of cultures

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10.3 Globalization• Globalization and tourism

–Virtual communities, cyberculture

–Postmodern condition – space‐time compression

–Blurred boundaries‐ “frenemies”

• Identity politics

• Cultural Pluralism

– Assimilation and accomodation

• Multiculturalism

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10.4 Cultural Effects of Contact• Acculturation

– sycretism

• Cargo cults

• Domestication/customization

• Cultural hybridization

10.5 Globalization, Citizenship and Human Rights

• Long‐distance nationalism, Transborder citizenship (state)

• Human rights and cultural rights

• ethnocide/genocide

• Cosmopolitanism

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10.6 Global Assemblages• Global Assemblages 

• Development

• Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs)