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Citation preview
Suleiman I
lsquoThe Magnificentrsquoamp
His Legacies
(Part 1)
Suleiman Ithe ldquoMagnificentrdquo
(1520-1566)
Video ExcerptldquoSuleiman the Magnificentrdquo
(Islam Empire of Faith)
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
[From Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent (additional readings) ]
- Tughra reflective of Suleimanrsquos wealth power
- ldquoSuleiman shah ibn Selim shah khan al-muzzafar al-Daimanrdquo ldquoSuleiman Shah (ruler ndash Persia) son of Khan Selim ever (the) victoriousrdquo
- History also reflected in use of lsquoKhanrsquo for his father (lsquokhanrsquo from Mongol lsquoleaderrsquo)
- And lsquoShahrsquo for himself (Persian title lsquorulerrsquo)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Like all Sultans Suleiman struck his own coins These are dated 1520 they carry the date of his inauguration
[from lsquoSuleiman I httpmembersaolcomdkaplan888sulehtm]
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Suleimaniye MosqueTestimony to ldquoMagnificencerdquo
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleiman Ithe ldquoMagnificentrdquo
(1520-1566)
Video ExcerptldquoSuleiman the Magnificentrdquo
(Islam Empire of Faith)
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
[From Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent (additional readings) ]
- Tughra reflective of Suleimanrsquos wealth power
- ldquoSuleiman shah ibn Selim shah khan al-muzzafar al-Daimanrdquo ldquoSuleiman Shah (ruler ndash Persia) son of Khan Selim ever (the) victoriousrdquo
- History also reflected in use of lsquoKhanrsquo for his father (lsquokhanrsquo from Mongol lsquoleaderrsquo)
- And lsquoShahrsquo for himself (Persian title lsquorulerrsquo)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Like all Sultans Suleiman struck his own coins These are dated 1520 they carry the date of his inauguration
[from lsquoSuleiman I httpmembersaolcomdkaplan888sulehtm]
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Suleimaniye MosqueTestimony to ldquoMagnificencerdquo
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Video ExcerptldquoSuleiman the Magnificentrdquo
(Islam Empire of Faith)
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
[From Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent (additional readings) ]
- Tughra reflective of Suleimanrsquos wealth power
- ldquoSuleiman shah ibn Selim shah khan al-muzzafar al-Daimanrdquo ldquoSuleiman Shah (ruler ndash Persia) son of Khan Selim ever (the) victoriousrdquo
- History also reflected in use of lsquoKhanrsquo for his father (lsquokhanrsquo from Mongol lsquoleaderrsquo)
- And lsquoShahrsquo for himself (Persian title lsquorulerrsquo)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Like all Sultans Suleiman struck his own coins These are dated 1520 they carry the date of his inauguration
[from lsquoSuleiman I httpmembersaolcomdkaplan888sulehtm]
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Suleimaniye MosqueTestimony to ldquoMagnificencerdquo
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
[From Tughra of Suleiman the Magnificent (additional readings) ]
- Tughra reflective of Suleimanrsquos wealth power
- ldquoSuleiman shah ibn Selim shah khan al-muzzafar al-Daimanrdquo ldquoSuleiman Shah (ruler ndash Persia) son of Khan Selim ever (the) victoriousrdquo
- History also reflected in use of lsquoKhanrsquo for his father (lsquokhanrsquo from Mongol lsquoleaderrsquo)
- And lsquoShahrsquo for himself (Persian title lsquorulerrsquo)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Like all Sultans Suleiman struck his own coins These are dated 1520 they carry the date of his inauguration
[from lsquoSuleiman I httpmembersaolcomdkaplan888sulehtm]
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Suleimaniye MosqueTestimony to ldquoMagnificencerdquo
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
- Tughra reflective of Suleimanrsquos wealth power
- ldquoSuleiman shah ibn Selim shah khan al-muzzafar al-Daimanrdquo ldquoSuleiman Shah (ruler ndash Persia) son of Khan Selim ever (the) victoriousrdquo
- History also reflected in use of lsquoKhanrsquo for his father (lsquokhanrsquo from Mongol lsquoleaderrsquo)
- And lsquoShahrsquo for himself (Persian title lsquorulerrsquo)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Like all Sultans Suleiman struck his own coins These are dated 1520 they carry the date of his inauguration
[from lsquoSuleiman I httpmembersaolcomdkaplan888sulehtm]
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Suleimaniye MosqueTestimony to ldquoMagnificencerdquo
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Like all Sultans Suleiman struck his own coins These are dated 1520 they carry the date of his inauguration
[from lsquoSuleiman I httpmembersaolcomdkaplan888sulehtm]
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Suleimaniye MosqueTestimony to ldquoMagnificencerdquo
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Suleimaniye MosqueTestimony to ldquoMagnificencerdquo
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Mosque gives impression of wealth- Materials from all over empire exemplifying extant of lands under Suleimanrsquos control- St Peterrsquos Basilica took over a century to construct Versailles about 50 years - the Suleimaniye took seven years - attests to manpower Sultan could command Janissaries Devshirmes galley slaves
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimaniye epitomized essence of Islamrsquos role in 16th century state- Centre of education medressa- medical training - religious scholarship - attached Kitchen fed the community poor
Recognized power of the Sultan (number of minarets) no subsequent buildings could obscure view of Mosque
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Contemporary View of Mosque (from perspective of Golden Horn)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
The Suleimaniye (looking down to Golden Horn) school with classrooms lsquodormitoryrsquo and courtyard to left
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
Architect was Mimar Sinan - born to simple stoneworkerrsquos family - lsquoenlistedrsquo into janissary corps- trained first as carpenter later became royal engineer- traveled throughout empire brought together architectural styles in his creations
Work epitomizes glory Suleiman gave to architecture and building during his reign
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificantrdquo
bull Architect was MimarSinan (1490-1588)
[see Minar Sinan in lsquoResourcesrsquo]
Photo fromhttpwwwallaboutturkeycomsi
nanhtm
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566
Suleiman also known as the lsquoMagnificentrsquo because the empire reached its geographical apex during his reign -- strong territorial advances in North Africa central Europe (to walls of Vienna) Bessarabia and Iraq
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
The Empire in 1566 ndash lsquovasselrsquo states in orange
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Taking of Rhodes (video) - followed earlier unsuccessful attempt by
Mehmet II - Island home to Knights of St John battle
for control Mediterranean- 1522 Suleiman attacked with a fleet of
400 ships army of 140000 men
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Seige of six months- land exhausted from lack supplies
surrendered and negotiated peace- Suleiman took Island- permitted defenders to leave to Malta- later attempt to conquer Malta (1565)
failed
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Expansion in North Africa- thanks to reorganization of Ottoman Navy by
Hizir Hayreddin [see again Barbarossa last week]
- Given title of Kapudan Pasha (Great Admiral) by Suleiman
- Supervised shipyards in Galata powerful Navy created
- Responsible for victories in Aegean Sea against European fleets (last weekrsquos lecture)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleymanreceives his Grand Admiral HayreddinBarbarossa(1558)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Continued campaigns to the east- 1534 against Persia- 1535 Iraq region of Erzurum conquered - 1548 second campaign against Persia
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
- 1549 contested region around Van Lake (Ottoman-Safavid border) - finally came under Ottoman control absorbed into administration- 1554 last campaign launched leading tohellip- 1555 formal peace with Safavids
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
hellip ldquothe Magnificentrdquo
Few substantial changes in the borders between the states
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Expansion into Europe focused on Hungary- 1521 conquered Danube city of Belgrade (siege undertaken from river by navy)- 1526 devastated Hungarian forces at Mohacs - 1529 Ottomans penetrated to Vienna- failed siege (video) ended the Ottomanrsquos westward expansion
hellip the ldquoMagnificent
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
The king of Hungary LajosII in council before the Battle of Mohacs(1588)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
The Ottoman army besieging Vienna 1529(1588)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Hungary annexed in 1540- brought Ottomans deep into Europe inviting enmity western powers- Increased numbers non-Muslims in empire- Conversion rate high buthellip- non-Muslims flourished under lsquomilletrsquo system - special taxes Christians and Jews important in developing commercial relations
hellip the ldquoMagnificentrdquo
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Expansionallowedfurther tradedevelop-ment
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleiman the ldquoMagnificentrdquo in Procession (note presence Devshirme Janissaries)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- Suleiman widelyknown for clarifying legal codes andcustomary practice - called lsquokanunrsquo
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
ldquoKanunirdquo ndash the Lawgiver
- criminal punishment less severe- More regulations markets prices trade taxes - bodily punishment replaced with forced
servitude fines- price controls bread other necessities- reforms strengthened links between Ottoman
Islamic (sharia) law- centralization public education hands of ulema- creation of religious bureaucracy
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
15th century harem- slave women obtained through war purchase- gradually replaced strategic marriages - provided wives to royal clan administrators provincial governors
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Under Mehmet II- moved to new Topkapi Palace harem housed in lsquoold palacersquo with lsquoQueen Mother (valid sultan)
Under Suleiman- significant part of harem moved with attendants and services into Topkapi Palace (probably by 1534)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Marked significant changes- in power authority of harem vis-agrave-vis Sultan- once in Topkapi harem grew in size- in Suleimanrsquos reign numbered 49- under Selim II (c1575) more than 70 (some moved back to Old Palace)- by 16001 increased to 275 (in Topkapi) 298 (in Old Palace)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- extended Royal Family (lsquoactiversquo concubines mothers of royal children valides sultans) in Topkapi- lsquoOld Palacersquo home to lsquoretiredrsquo harem- upon death of sultan harem left Topkapi- many married to janissaries lsquosuitable men of statersquo ndash manumitted given dowery- Valides sultans seldom married became centres of their own courts with influence
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
- Old Palace for royal ritual (sultansrsquo visits weddings- Suleiman successors reintegrated world of harem (mothers of royal sons) world of sultan (sultan and advisors) separated in time of Mehmed II- Suleiman retained separate domestic quarters among male trainees pages ndash lsquomale haremrsquo ndashin lsquothirdrsquo courtyard of palace
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
Suleiman unique in attention given to haseki(favourite concubine) - fell in love with lsquoRoxalanarsquo married her (Hurrem Sultan) - she bore several children (including multiple sons)- became principal counselor to sultan (her daughter took over her role after her death)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
bull
Entertainment in a palace courtyard(1530)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Suleimanldquomasterrdquo of the harem
lsquoTopkapi Palacersquo
Topkapi Palace (today)
Topkapi Palace (today)
