A_Sustainable_Solar_Project_In_Lagos_State.pdf

7/29/2019 A_Sustainable_Solar_Project_In_Lagos_State.pdf

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A Sustainable Solar Project in

Lagos State: Key Considerations

Siemens Energy 2012

Siemens Energy Sector

Shaping the next generation of solar power

Lagos 8th February 2012


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Outline

Solar Power Potential in Lagos State1

Factors Impacting Solar System Performance2

Page 2 Siemens Energy 2012

Siemens Solution for Photovoltaic Solar Projects3

Siemens References4

Q & A5


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What area of photovoltaic panels in the Sahara

desert would cover the world's energy demand?


Source: Paul Scherrer Institut, Dt. Zentrum fr Luft & Raumfahrt

45 km x 45 km

0.049 SwitzerlandsA

450 km x 450 km

4.9 SwitzerlandsB

4500 km x 4500 km

490 SwitzerlandsC

450 km

450 km

450 km x 450 km

4.9 SwitzerlandsB

450 km

450 km

450 km x 450 km

4.9 SwitzerlandsB

450 km x 450 km

4.9 SwitzerlandsB


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Lagos State has a high potential for utilization of

solar power, similar to that in Spain*

Statistics Dash Board

Annual average daily irradiation -

4323Wh/M2

/day The monthly average irradiation:

o In February - Maximum of

5861Wh/M2/day


o In July - Minimum of 3231Wh/M2

/day Average annual rainfall - 111ml

Average relative humidity - 82%

Mean average temperature - 26.7OC

Mean daily sunshine duration -4.9hours

The irradiation level in Lagos is moderate compared to the North. However, with

the right conditions, the business case for both off-grid stand alone systems

and utility scale solar systems can be attractive in Lagos.*In Spain, installed capacity of solar plants is 4GW, satisfying about 2.7% of the annual electricity demand IN 2010


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Is Solar right for you?

Efficiency First!

Before considering a solar energy

system, energy-efficient measures

should be incorporated into the

building.

It is far chea er to save electricit


than it is to generate it even withsolar panels or solar thermal

systems.


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Factors Impacting System Performance

Factors impacting the performance of a residential and commercial solar

system fall into three groups; environmental, site location and equipment.

Equipment


Site Location

Factors

Environmental

Factors


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Environmental Factors

1. Sun hours - Irradiation

The more Sun Hours a location

receives, the more energy will beproduced from a module installed at

that location.

" "


the peak noon sunlight intensity in themiddle of summer, over one hour

Daily Sun Profile and Sun Hour relation

Before you install a solar system, a feasibility analysis must be

conducted to confirm that your site has enough solar energy to meet

your electricity needs efficiently and economically


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2. Temperature

Module operating temperature

increases when placed in the sun

As the operating temperature

increases, the power output decreases

due to the properties of the

-


solar modulesbut different pertechnology

A typical decrease in power output is

approximately 12% for crystalline

based solar modules

This figure displays the response of a solar cell to

varying temperature. If you look carefully, you will

see that the current increases slightly, whilst the

voltage decreases rapidly. The result is a lower

overall power yield (P=V*I).

It is therefore extremely important to keep your solar panels well ventilated.

Make sure air is able to cool on all sides, including the underside


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3. Soiling Particulate Build Up

When a module is placed outdoors,

airborne particulates (e.g. dust, debris)settle on the glass surface of the

module, similar to dust settling on

glass automobile windshields.


ese part cu ates oc t e amount o

light reaching the module and

therefore reduce the power produced

by the module.

The reduction in power from

particulate build up can range from5%-15%.

It is therefore extremely important to clean your solar panels regularly to

ensure that the maximum amount of sunshine hits the panels

Dusty Solar Panels


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Site Location Factors

4. Solar Module Tilt Angle

The module produces more power

when the light source is locatedperpendicular to the surface of the

module.

Therefore, solar module installations


are o ten t te towar s t e sun to

maximize the amount and intensity of

light exposure.

As the sun angle changes throughout

the year , the amount of light falling

directly on the module changes, asdoes the energy output.

Large commercial systems have solar tracking systems that automatically

follow the suns tilt through the day


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Site Location Factors

5. Shading

Trees, chimneys, roof gables and other

buildings that cast a shadow on thesolar panels during peak sun light

hours will negatively impact

performance


t poor so ar es gn, even a tt e

shade on one panel can shut down

solar production on all of your other

panels.

Installers use special gadgets to

instantly reveal any shady spots onyour roof, no matter what time of year

Shading from obstructions, such as trees and buildings, should be avoided

as this decreases exposure to the suns radiation


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Equipment Factors

6. Module ratings

All solar module manufacturers test

the power of their solar modulesunder specific Standard Test

Conditions (STC)*1 in the factory

The Standard Test Conditions include,


,

intensity, light angle, and moduletemperature.

Any differences from these specific

test conditions affect the power

output of the solar module.

Modules with the appropriate performance rating, best suited to the

business case of the project must be selected


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Equipment Factors

7. System Wiring

Typical solar electric systems require more than one module to be connected

to one another.

The wires used to connect the modules create a slight resistance in the

electrical flow, decreasing the total power output of the system,

In addition, slight differences in power output from module-to-module reduces


the maximum power output available from each module.

A typical value for these losses is 5%


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Equipment Factors

8. Inverter Connection Losses

Conversion from DC to AC power

results in an energy decrease fromapproximately 6%-10%

This energy decrease varies for each

inverter (primarily due to energy lost


.

A typical value for this loss is 6%


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Siemens Solar Power within Siemens

comprehensive energy chain



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From sun to grid: Proven in-house

components along the entire value chain



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Utility scale Commercial & Industrial Residential

source: Petra

Spannheimer / PIXELIO

source: Henrik

G Vo el / PIXELIOpowerplants

Siemens Energy Photovoltaics focuses on utility-scale

PV plants (> 1 MWp) as a turnkey solution provider


source: www.aboutpixel.de / verlinfri

P

> 1MWp up to few MWp up to few hundred kWpPlant size(nominal power)

Electrical

Equip-

ment 1) Civilworks Cables Structures

Switchgear

Trans-former

Install. &Comiss.

PV fieldconnect.

Engi-neering

EPC 2)

Modules

Third partySiemens scopePreferred supplier scope

Service &

Mainte-nance

Value Chain(Utility scale)

1) Including inverter2) EPC = Engineering, procurement, and construction

tendency > 5-10 MWp> 3 MWp

< 3MWp selectively-

E R PV

target markets

source: Siemens Photovoltaics, France


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Siemens optimizes the overall PV solution for

maximized output and minimized failures

PV field design

Minimized shading losses thanks to optimizedmodule table distribution and module row spacing

Minimized cable losses through optimized cable

layout

E R SP

solutions

Transformer /

Your benefit


grounding and lightning protection

Component configuration

Optimized inverter input currents thanks to module

table configuration and string definition

Adaption ofenvironmentally friendly transformersand efficient switchgear

Utility requirements are exactly met thanks to

individual grid connection concept

Inverter

Modules

Electrical installations

Civil work


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The Siemens service concept will ensure a long-

term high performance ratio for your PV plant

Performance ratio guaranteed by

Siemens for up to 25 years

Modification and upgrades

Yield optimization Extensions and modifications


er ormance mon or ng ec ve preven on as response

Operation support

State-of-the-art remote controlling

and plant monitoring

Preventive maintenance

Condition monitoring

Local service organizations

Fast and comprehensive

fault analysis

Express repairs 1)

High spare part availability 1)

1) Only for full service and maintenance contract


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Comprehensive practical experience in PV business

selected references

Germanye.g. Forchheim

800 kWp

Czech Rep.e.g. Dobr Pole

4 MWp

Canadae.g. First Light II

10.5 MWp


e.g. Beneixama20 MWp

a y

e.g. San Donaci15 MWp

srae

e.g. Ketura5 MWp

Active in > 30 countries> 160 MWp EPC*

*) installed or under construction (incl. Project Beneixama from 2007)

rance

e.g. Les Mes31 MWp

e.g. Sparta3,1 MWp


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Questions?

Toyin Abegunde

Siemens Limited Nigeria

Head of Business Development

98/100 Oshodi-Apapa Expressway, Isolo, LagosMob: +234 8085856206

Tel: 234-1-4480186

E-mail: [email protected]

URL: www.siemens.com.ng



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Build on Photovoltaics now!

ltaics

nefits

Use direct and indirect sun irradiation

as a free resource

PV energy support the country targetsto achieve committed CO2 reductions

Offer independence from fossil fuels

Once built up, their power output


S

iemensPhoto

v

P

Vwithstrong

b

Energy demand in sunny regions matches

best with PV energy production

A PV System produces electricityfor min. 25 years at fixed costs

Fast installation from design to grid

Lower administrative and O&M costs,

through easy maintenance and repair service

Off-grid solutions in regions with very remote

from grid can be installed cost-effectively


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Siemens Photovoltaics covers the entire value chain

Solutions and products

Balance of Plant

& EPC

Technical consulting

& Finance

Operations support

& Maintenance


Performance-proven servicesSolutions and products

er ormance-proven serv ces

Comprehensive portfolio for customer benefits

... designed for large-scale photovoltaic plants:

Customized Balance of Plant (BoP) concepts forindividualized solutions

Proven engineering knowledge with unique layout system

for optimized Levelized Costs of Electricity (LCoE)

Qualified and reliable in-house industry products to

meet local requirements

... along the entire value chain:

Secured financing with equity and debt contributionfor maximized IRR

Guaranteed performance contracting for sustainable

business success

Full-scope service contracting from a single source

Page 23

Siemens AG 2011


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Game changers on the radar: To succeed we need to

control the entire PV system

Game changers: Photovoltaic Innovations for large scale (flat plate) PV plants

Functional

Coating

Workbench

Module

Web Monitoring for

PV plants

Datalogger

onsite

Energy

Storaging

Siemens Support

Structure

Off-Grid

Solution


Highly Concentrated

PV

Future Grid

FunctionalityPVplanet

Next Generation

Inverter

& E-box

Automated CleaningPV Testified,

Qualified testing

& Equipment


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Game changers on the radar: To succeed

we need to control the entire PV system

What is Functional Coating?

Functional coating is the process of covering the solar modules with a layer in order to protect them from

dirt.

Cooperation Partners: Siemens CT, Masdar Institute

Re-application on-site possible

Details

Functional

Coating


Benefits

Outlook

Reduces cleaning effort and repels dirt

Improving operation and maintenance performance

Higher module efficiency due to cleanliness

Higher IRR

In development: spectral selective AR coating Temperature dissipation

Facilitates cleaning of modules Cleaning w/ salt water possible

Siemens develops business model with supplier; preparation of test modules for Masdar Institute to be

delivered Q2 FY2012; technology is ready to use in the end of FY 2012


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Game changers on the radar: To succeed

we need to control the entire PV system

What is the Workbench Module?

Details

Todays modules were optimized for the largest market: rooftop applications

Optimization of modules in frame and size

One of the goals of Siemens PV is to develop modules tailored for utility-scale projects as well as to foster

system optimization.

Workbench

Module


Benefits

Outlook

ncrease roug own pro uc on o unc on oxes

System optimization through improving absorber, diodes, cooling and wiring

Result: about 2ct/kWh or up to 30ct/kWp are expected

Lower system costs

Lower logistic costs

Decreasing LCoE

Close collaborations with module manufacturers


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Game changers on the radar:

We succeed by controlling the whole PV system

Web Monitoring for PV plants

Details

New Siemens Web Monitoring provides asset information, operation logs and service tickets, service historycorrective maintenance and commercial information for multiple plants worldwide within one software tool

Information will be resented role s ecific

Web Monitoring for photovoltaic plants includes human-machine interface (HMI), supervision and control,

data acquisition, processing and storage, communication infrastructure, interfaces to sensors and signal

conversion.

Web Monitoring for

PV plants

Datalogger

onsite


Management all plants from one single platform Comparison between different plants, trend analysis

Monitoring for all management levels

Maintenance management, investment management, ROI, ...

Online Diagnosis

Yield/PR Forecasting

Service Forecasting

Benefits

Outlook

Web monitoring solution is based on long year proven M3000 Energy Management system

Provides extensions for PR/Yield and maintenance forecasting

Pilot plant to be equipped in Q2 FY2012

Documents

A_Sustainable_Solar_Project_In_Lagos_State.pdf